Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Oct. 30, 2020
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
multifactorial,
age-related
neurological
characterized
by
complex
pathophysiological
dynamics
taking
place
at
multiple
biological
levels,
including
molecular,
genetic,
epigenetic,
cellular
and
large-scale
brain
networks.
These
alterations
account
for
mechanisms
such
as
protein
accumulation,
neuroinflammatory/neuro-immune
processes,
synaptic
dysfunction,
neurodegeneration
that
eventually
lead
to
cognitive
behavioral
decline.
Alterations
in
microRNA
(miRNA)
signaling
have
been
implicated
the
epigenetics
molecular
genetics
of
all
neurobiological
processes
associated
with
AD
pathophysiology.
changes
encompass
altered
miRNA
abundance,
speciation
complexity
anatomical
regions
CNS
targeted
disease,
modified
expression
patterns
tissues,
systemic
circulation,
extracellular
fluid
(ECF)
cerebrospinal
(CSF).
miRNAs
investigated
candidate
biomarkers
diagnosis,
prediction,
prognosis
therapeutic
purposes
because
their
involvement
pathways
both
health
disease.
In
this
review
we
will:
(i)
highlight
significantly
heterogeneous
nature
tissues
biofluids;
(ii)
address
how
information
may
be
extracted
from
these
data
used
diagnostic,
prognostic
and/or
screening
tools
across
entire
continuum
AD,
preclinical
stage,
through
prodromal,
i.e.,
mild
impairment
(MCI)
phase
way
clinically
overt
dementia;
(iii)
consider
specific
could
categorized
using
reporters
span
initiation
progression.
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(14), P. 4130 - 4130
Published: July 15, 2024
Neurodegenerative
diseases,
such
as
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
and
Parkinson’s
(PD),
are
severe
age-related
disorders
with
complex
multifactorial
causes.
Recent
research
suggests
a
critical
link
between
neurodegeneration
the
gut
microbiome,
via
gut–brain
communication
pathway.
This
review
examines
role
of
trimethylamine
N-oxide
(TMAO),
microbiota-derived
metabolite,
in
development
AD
PD,
investigates
its
interaction
microRNAs
(miRNAs)
along
this
bidirectional
TMAO,
which
is
produced
from
dietary
metabolites
like
choline
carnitine,
has
been
linked
to
increased
neuroinflammation,
protein
misfolding,
cognitive
decline.
In
AD,
elevated
TMAO
levels
associated
amyloid-beta
tau
pathologies,
blood–brain
barrier
disruption,
neuronal
death.
can
cross
promote
aggregation
amyloid
proteins.
Similarly,
affects
alpha-synuclein
conformation
aggregation,
hallmark
PD.
also
activates
pro-inflammatory
pathways
NF-kB
signaling,
exacerbating
neuroinflammation
further.
Moreover,
modulates
expression
various
miRNAs
that
involved
neurodegenerative
processes.
Thus,
microbiome–miRNA–brain
axis
represents
newly
discovered
mechanistic
dysbiosis
neurodegeneration.
MiRNAs
regulate
key
oxidative
stress,
death,
contributing
progression.
As
direct
consequence,
specific
miRNA
signatures
may
serve
potential
biomarkers
for
early
detection
monitoring
PD
aims
elucidate
interrelationships
microbiota,
trimethylamine-N-oxide
(miRNAs),
central
nervous
system,
implications
these
connections
diseases.
context,
an
overview
current
neuroradiology
techniques
available
studying
animal
models
used
investigate
intricate
pathologies
will
be
provided.
summary,
bulk
evidence
supports
concept
modulating
pathway
through
changes,
manipulation
and/or
miRNA-based
therapies
offer
novel
approaches
implementing
treatment
debilitating
neurological
disorders.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(6), P. 3403 - 3403
Published: March 17, 2024
The
potential
of
liquid
biopsy
for
the
prognosis
and
diagnosis
diseases
is
unquestionable.
Within
evolving
landscape
disease
diagnostics
personalized
medicine,
circulating
microRNAs
(c-miRNAs)
stand
out
among
biomarkers
found
in
blood
circulation
other
biological
fluids
due
to
their
stability,
specificity,
non-invasive
detection
biofluids.
However,
complexity
human
limitations
inherent
single-marker
highlight
need
a
more
integrative
approach.
It
has
been
recently
suggested
that
multi-analyte
approach
offers
advantages
over
single-analyte
diseases.
In
this
review,
we
explore
combining
three
well-studied
classes
biofluids—miRNAs,
DNAs,
proteins—to
enhance
accuracy
efficacy
monitoring.
Initially,
provide
an
overview
each
biomarker
class
discuss
main
disadvantages
highlighting
superiority
c-miRNAs
biomarkers.
Additionally,
challenges
future
directions
integrating
these
into
clinical
practice,
emphasizing
standardized
protocols
further
validation
studies.
This
integrated
revolutionize
precision
medicine
by
offering
insights
mechanisms,
facilitating
early
detection,
guiding
therapeutic
strategies.
collaborative
power
with
represents
promising
frontier
comprehensive
understanding
management
complex
Nevertheless,
several
must
be
addressed
before
can
translated
practice.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(6), P. 770 - 770
Published: March 7, 2024
The
evidence
suggests
that
diet
can
modulate
endogenous
microRNA
(miRNA)
expression.
Changes
in
miRNA
expression
may
affect
metabolic
processes
and
consequently
be
involved
health
status
disease
development.
aim
of
this
systematic
review
was
to
summarize
the
role
specific
food
components
regulation
discuss
its
implications
for
human
PubMed,
Embase
Web
Science
databases
were
searched
accordance
with
PRISMA
(Preferred
Reporting
Items
Systematic
Reviews
Meta-Analyses)
guidelines
relevant
studies.
A
total
32
interventional
5
observational
studies
performed
adults
evaluating
dietary
modulation
included.
Energy-
fat-controlled
diets
along
plant-based
foods
show
substantial
modulating
levels.
Plasma,
serum
peripheral
blood
mononuclear
cells
(PBMCs)
are
main
sources
used
measure
miRNAs.
108
miRNAs
modulated
by
identified.
We
confirmed
habits
closely
associated
Particularly,
energy
content
fat
intake
appeared
key
factors
influencing
Furthermore,
since
several
biological
processes,
modulatory
process
lead
disorders.
International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 20, P. 25 - 52
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Abstract:
The
effective
clinical
translation
of
messenger
RNA
(mRNA),
small
interfering
(siRNA),
and
microRNA
(miRNA)
for
therapeutic
purposes
hinges
on
the
development
efficient
delivery
systems.
Key
challenges
include
their
susceptibility
to
degradation,
limited
cellular
uptake,
inefficient
intracellular
release.
Polymeric
drug
conjugates
(PDCs)
offer
a
promising
solution,
combining
benefits
polymeric
carriers
agents
targeted
treatment.
This
comprehensive
review
explores
nucleic
acid
therapeutics,
focusing
conjugates.
It
investigates
how
these
address
obstacles,
enhance
systemic
circulation,
reduce
immunogenicity,
provide
controlled
release,
improving
safety
profiles.
delves
into
conjugation
strategies,
preparation
methods,
various
classes
PDCs,
as
well
strategic
design,
highlighting
role
in
delivery.
Applications
PDCs
treating
diseases
such
cancer,
immune
disorders,
fibrosis
are
also
discussed.
Despite
significant
advancements,
adoption
persist.
concludes
with
insights
future
directions
this
transformative
technology,
underscoring
potential
advance
acid-based
therapies
combat
infectious
significantly.
Keywords:
polymer
conjugates,
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
39(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
(
Mtb
)
complex,
responsible
for
(TB)
infection,
continues
to
be
a
predominant
global
cause
of
mortality
due
intricate
host‐pathogen
interactions
that
affect
disease
progression.
MicroRNAs
(miRNAs),
essential
posttranscriptional
regulators,
have
become
pivotal
modulators
these
relationships.
Recent
findings
indicate
miRNAs
actively
regulate
immunological
responses
complex
by
modulating
autophagy,
apoptosis,
and
immune
cell
activities.
This
has
resulted
in
increased
interest
as
prospective
diagnostic
indicators
TB,
especially
differentiating
active
infection
from
latent
or
inactive
stages.
Variations
miRNA
expression
during
progression
offer
insights
into
the
response.
Furthermore,
present
potential
therapeutic
targets
host‐directed
therapy
(HDT)
techniques
TB
infection.
work
examines
function
pathogenesis,
with
objective
identifying
particular
response
evaluating
their
value
exploring
implications
The
is
enhance
comprehension
how
can
facilitate
improved
diagnosis
treatment
TB.
Nucleosides Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 25
Published: Jan. 13, 2025
The
field
of
biomedical
science
has
witnessed
another
milestone
with
the
advent
RNA-based
therapeutics.
This
review
explores
three
major
RNA
molecules,
namely:
messenger
(mRNA),
interference
technology
(RNAi),
and
Antisense
Oligonucleotide
(ASO),
analyses
U.S.
Food
Drug
Administration
drugs
from
14
pharmaceutical
companies
in
terms
targeted
genes,
diseases
types,
clinical
trials
status,
mode
delivery,
year
production.
Many
such
are
clinically
approved
or
pending
approval
by
(FDA)
alongside
other
leading
agencies.
Regarding
diseases,
this
article
emphasizes
cancer
therapy,
genetic
viral
infections,
two
categories
drug
delivery
systems
include
vectors
nanoparticles.
Despite
tremendous
progress
made,
key
issues
associated
these
stability,
off-target
activities
payloads,
efficiency
cellular
uptake,
innovative
need
for
engineering
techniques
modifications.
transformative
potential
therapeutics
role
technologies
addressing
needs,
paving
way
a
new
era
precision
medicine.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 13, 2025
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
lacks
a
less
invasive
and
early
detectable
biomarker.
Here,
we
investigated
the
biomarker
potential
of
miR-501-3p
miR-502-3p
using
different
AD
sources.
METHODS
MiR-501-3p
expressions
were
evaluated
in
CSF
exosomes,
serum
familial
sporadic
fibroblasts
B-lymphocytes
by
qRT-PCR
analysis.
Further,
analyzed
APP,
Tau
cells
media
exosomes.
RESULTS
significantly
upregulated
exosomes
relative
to
controls.
MiRNA
levels
high
accordance
with
amyloid
plaque
NFT
density
multiple
brain
regions.
Similarly,
both
miRNAs
elevated
MCI
compared
MiR-502-3p
expression
was
fAD
sAD
B-lymphocytes.
Finally,
intracellularly
secreted
extracellularly
response
APP
pathology.
DISCUSSION
These
results
suggest
that
could
be
promising
biomarkers
for
AD.
