A novel machine learning approach for diagnosing diabetes with a self-explainable interface

Healthcare Analytics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5, P. 100301 - 100301

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

This study introduces the first-ever self-explanatory interface for diagnosing diabetes patients using machine learning. We propose four classification models (Decision Tree (DT), K-nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Classification (SVC), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB)) based on publicly available dataset. To elucidate inner workings of these models, we employed learning interpretation method known as Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP). All exhibited commendable accuracy in with diabetes, XGB model showing a slight edge over others. Utilising SHAP, delved into model, providing in-depth insights reasoning behind its predictions at granular level. Subsequently, integrated SHAP's local explanations an to predict patients. serves critical role it diagnoses offers transparent decisions made, users heightened awareness their current health conditions. Given high-stakes nature medical field, this developed can be further enhanced by including more extensive clinical data, ultimately aiding professionals decision-making processes.

Language: Английский

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Sexual dimorphism of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Sex difference in human diseases: mechanistic insights and clinical implications

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Sept. 10, 2024

Abstract Sex characteristics exhibit significant disparities in various human diseases, including prevalent cardiovascular cancers, metabolic disorders, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Risk profiles pathological manifestations of these diseases notable variations between sexes. The underlying reasons for sex encompass multifactorial elements, such as physiology, genetics, environment. Recent studies have shown that body systems demonstrate sex-specific gene expression during critical developmental stages editing processes. These genes, differentially expressed based on different sex, may be regulated by androgen or estrogen-responsive thereby influencing the incidence presentation cardiovascular, oncological, metabolic, immune, neurological across However, despite existence differences patients with treatment guidelines predominantly rely male data due to underrepresentation women clinical trials. At present, there exists a substantial knowledge gap concerning mechanisms treatments diverse Therefore, this review aims elucidate advances examining epidemiological factors, pathogenesis, innovative progress accordance distinctive risk each disease provide new theoretical practical basis further optimizing individualized improving patient prognosis.

Language: Английский

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Sex differences in associations of metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort of adults with annual health examinations

Lipids in Health and Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Cardio-kidney-metabolic diseases are major causes of premature death worldwide, with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) playing a critical role. Inflammation and insulin resistance have been implicated in the pathogenesis T2DM. This study aimed to investigate sex-specific associations metabolic inflammation incident T2DM support personalized prevention management strategies. A retrospective cohort was used analyse annual health examination data from general practice department hospital Shanghai between 2021 2023. After excluding participants diagnosed T2DM, cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney at baseline, 1214 adults were followed up for two years. Cox proportional hazards logistic regression models assess triglyceride–glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI), lymphocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LHR), monocyte/high-density (MHR), neutrophil/high-density (NHR) In total population, TyG-BMI (all HR/OR > 1, P < 0.05), LHR, MHR NHR significantly positively associated men (both whereas strongly women 0.05). The interaction effect LHR sex statistically significant. Sex differences play an important role Men should be aware weight control avoid obesity-related resistance, monitor indicators such as early detection intervention their risk.

Language: Английский

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The Ability of the Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) Index and Modified TyG Indexes to Predict the Presence of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome in a Pediatric Population with Obesity

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 2341 - 2341

Published: March 28, 2025

Background: Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are increasingly prevalent among children adolescents with obesity, posing significant long-term cardiovascular risks. Non-invasive identification of at-risk individuals is crucial for a timely intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index its modified versions, TyG-body mass (TyG-BMI) TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC), in predicting MASLD MetS large cohort obesity. Methods: A total 758 obesity (454 females, 304 males; mean age 14.8 ± 2.1 years; BMI 37.9 6.2 kg/m2) were included. was diagnosed via ultrasonography, while defined using International Diabetes Federation criteria. TyG, TyG-WC, TyG-BMI calculated all participants. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves generated assess accuracy these indexes, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative (NPV). Results: detected 38.9% participants, higher prevalence males (p < 0.0001). present 27.8% cohort, Among TyG-WC exhibited highest sensitivity (77.6%), whereas had specificity (63.3%). In MetS, three indexes performed better than MASLD, TyG demonstrating PPV (54.5%) NPV (87.5%). Predictive lower potentially due sex-specific differences fat distribution response. Conclusions: promising, non-invasive tools identifying at risk MetS. The superior high highlight incorporating anthropometric parameters into screening. Integrating routine clinical practice may enhance early detection, allowing intervention personalized management strategies, ultimately reducing burden diseases pediatric populations.

Language: Английский

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Association between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with acute myocardial infarction: retrospective analysis of the MIMIC-IV database

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: June 18, 2024

Background Insulin resistance (IR) is closely related to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Triglyceride-glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) has been proven be a reliable surrogate IR, but relationship between TyG-BMI and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) unknown. The present study aims determine effects on clinical prognosis critically ill patients with AMI. Methods data AMI were extracted from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. All divided into four groups according quartile. Outcomes defined as 30-, 90-, 180-, 365-day all-cause mortality. Kaplan–Meier (K-M) curve was used compare survival rate groups. Meanwhile, Cox regression analysis restricted cubic splines (RCS) explore outcome events. Results A total 1,188 included in this study. They quartiles, there significant differences mortality while no difference 30-day Interestingly, increase TyG-BMI, increased first then gradually decreased, after decreasing still higher than that group lowest TyG-BMI. U-shaped relationships identified using RCS inflection point 311.1, 316.5, 320.1, respectively, whereas not non-linearly associated results proportional hazard are consistent those analysis. Conclusion existed AMI, can an effective early prevention

Language: Английский

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Surrogate indices of insulin resistance using the Matsuda index as reference in adult men—a computational approach

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 23, 2024

Background Overweight and obesity, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance (IR) are strongly associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer. Different surrogate indices of IR derived validated the euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) test. Thus, using a computational approach to predict Matsuda index as reference, this study aimed determine optimal cutoff value diagnosis accuracy for in non-diabetic young adult men. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive was carried out 93 men (ages 18–31). Serum levels glucose were analyzed fasting state during an oral tolerance test (OGTT). Additionally, clinical, biochemical, hormonal, anthropometric characteristics body composition (DEXA) determined. The evaluate diagnostic difference parameters examined, well other statistical tools make output robust. Results highest sensitivity specificity at value, respectively, established Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) (0.91; 0.98; 3.40), Quantitative check (QUICKI) (0.98; 0.96; 0.33), triglyceride-glucose (TyG)-waist circumference (TyG-WC) (1.00; 1.00; 427.77), TyG-body mass (TyG-BMI) 132.44), TyG-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR) 2.48), waist-to-height (WHtR) 0.53), waist (WC) 92.63), (BMI) 28.69), total fat percentage (TFM) (%) 31.07), android (AF) 40.33), lipid accumulation product (LAP) (0.84; 45.49), leptin 16.08), leptin/adiponectin (LAR) 1.17), 16.01). Conclusions used be preventive healthcare.

Language: Английский

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Social isolation increases impulsive choice with minor changes on metabolic function in middle‐aged rats

Physiological Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract The effects of social isolation (SI) during middle age remain unclear, so we tested the hypothesis that SI would lead to an increase in impulsive choice (IC), anxiety‐like behavior, and metabolic dysfunction middle‐aged rats. Male female rats were housed individually or groups four with same‐sex housing mates at 11 months age. Two later, IC behavior was assessed using a delay‐discounting task through novelty‐suppressed feeding (NSF) task. Lastly, glucose tolerance insulin sensitivity following exposure high‐fat diet oral test (OGTT) (ITT). results showed socially isolated displayed more than did group‐housed both sexes. However, no significant effect evident NSF task, OGTT, ITT. had higher plasma concentration resistance index compared females. Our findings demonstrate is sufficient highlight inherent sex‐specific differences profiles. These underscore importance investigating mechanisms underlie different stages life.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibition on Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Study

Medicina, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(2), P. 209 - 209

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Background and Objectives: Insulin resistance (IR) is a key factor involved in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Besides its role pathogenesis T2D, insulin associated with impairment glycemic control, reduced achievement targets, increases cardiovascular risk complications, being thus negative prognosis factor. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are therapies for T2D which demonstrated, besides improvements biomarkers traditionally IR inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate impact SGLT2i treatment on inflammation patients T2D. Materials Methods: In retrospective study, 246 treated median 5 years were evaluated regarding (estimated glucose disposal rate—eGDR, triglyceride/glucose index, triglyceride/HDLc index) (neutrophils lymphocyte ratio, platelets lymphocytes ratio C-reactive protein) before after intervention SGLT2i. Results: After treatment, had higher eGDR (6.07 vs. 5.24 mg/kg/min; p < 0.001), lower (3.34 3.52, 0.001) index (9.23 9.58; 0.001). The decreased therapy: protein (3.07 mg/L 4.37 mg/L), NLR (0.68 0.72; PLR (115 122; Intervention also improved complications risk: HbA1c (7.1% 8.4%; body mass (30.0 31.5 kg/m2; urinary albumin creatinine (4.75 11.00 mg/g; Conclusions: Treatment leads decreases These mechanisms may partially explain additional renal reductions therapy, alongside

Language: Английский

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2025 SWHR Women’s Health Research Agenda: Prioritizing Uterine Fibroids, Lupus, and Metabolism

Journal of Women s Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Women face unique and multifaceted challenges throughout their lifespans, shaped by biological, societal, health care-related factors. These have led to gender disparities in disease burden, access care, representation medical research, underscoring the need increase targeted investments women's health. Historically, research on diseases that disproportionately affect women has been underfunded, hindering progress closing gaps. In March 2024, President of United States signed an Executive Order Women's Health Research Innovation, signaling a new commitment federal government prioritize address these disparities. The Society for (SWHR) consistently charge identify gaps advocate evidence-based initiatives improve well-being women. celebration its 35th anniversary, SWHR introduces 2025 Agenda, which outlines key priorities areas uterine health, autoimmune disease, cardiometabolic This agenda serves as strategic roadmap stakeholders engage with critical fostering collaboration accelerating unmet needs across lifespan.

Language: Английский

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