The “Burden” of Childhood Obesity on Bone Health: A Look at Prevention and Treatment

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 491 - 491

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Childhood obesity represents a multifaceted challenge to bone health, influenced by combination of endocrine, metabolic, and mechanical factors. Excess body fat correlates with an increase in mineral density (BMD) yet paradoxically elevates fracture risk due compromised quality increased loading on atypical sites. Additionally, subjects syndromic obesity, as well individuals nutritional patterns, including those eating disorders, show fragility through unique genetic hormonal dysregulations. Emerging evidence underscores the adverse effects new pharmacological treatments for severe health. Novel drugs, such glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, bariatric surgery demonstrate potential achieving weight loss, though limited is available regarding their short- long-term impacts skeletal This review provides comprehensive analysis mechanisms underlying impact childhood It critically appraises from vitro studies, animal models, clinical research children exogenous disorders. also explores emerging surgical integrity, highlights prevention strategies, identifies gaps.

Language: Английский

---

Update on Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Management

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(16), P. 2781 - 2781

Published: Aug. 20, 2024

Obesity is an epidemic worldwide. Overweight and multiple obesity-related mechanisms, including dysmetabolic alterations, contribute to cardiovascular deleterious effects. Hence, overweight obesity have been independently associated with increased risk, whose assessment crucial for preserving life quality reducing mortality, address appropriate therapeutic strategies in obese patients. Beyond the standard of care managing adults (i.e., diet physical exercise), several relevant pharmacotherapies approved, procedures device types weight loss recommended. In such a contest, medical management remains one option treating excess weight. Most drugs used reduce appetite increase satiety and, secondarily, slow gastric emptying body therefore, act also improve metabolic parameters. this agonists glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1RAs) modulate different pathways glucose metabolism, energy homeostasis, antioxidation, inflammation. Moreover, class has shown efficacy improving glycemic control, incidence events type 2 diabetic patients, presence diabetes. Recently, or patients pre-existing disease but without diabetes, GLP-1RA semaglutide reduced cerebrovascular death from causes. Thus, approved secondary prevention people disease. Nevertheless, whether equally effective primary be demonstrated. review, we will summarize updates on pathophysiology obesity, effects impact phenotypes diseases, novelties clinical prevention.

Language: Английский

---

“OMICS” in Human Milk: Focus on Biological Effects on Bone Homeostasis

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(22), P. 3921 - 3921

Published: Nov. 17, 2024

Human milk (HM) is a complex biofluid rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds essential for infant health. Recent advances omics technologies-such as proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics-have shed light on the influence of HM bone development This review discusses impact various components, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, hormones, metabolism skeletal growth. Proteins like casein whey promote calcium absorption osteoblast differentiation, supporting mineralization. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contribute to health by modulating inflammatory pathways regulating osteoclast activity. Additionally, human oligosaccharides (HMOs) act prebiotics, improving gut bioavailability while influencing Hormones present HM, such insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), leptin, adiponectin, have been linked growth, body composition, density. Research has shown that higher IGF-1 levels breast are associated with increased weight gain, leptin adiponectin fat mass metabolism. Emerging studies also highlighted role microRNAs (miRNAs) key processes adipogenesis homeostasis. Furthermore, microbiome-focused techniques reveal HM's establishing balanced microbiota, indirectly enhancing nutrient absorption. Although current findings promising, comprehensive longitudinal integrating approaches needed fully understand intricate relationships among maternal diet, Bridging these gaps could offer novel dietary strategies optimize during infancy, advancing early-life nutrition science.

Language: Английский

---

Epigenetics of childhood obesity

Hormone Research in Paediatrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 24

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Background: Childhood obesity has become a global pandemic and is one of the strongest risk factors for cardiovascular disease later in life. The correlation epigenetic marks with related traits being elucidated. This review summarizes latest research its challenges study epigenetics (childhood) obesity. Summary: Epigenome-wide association studies helped to identify novel targets methylation sites that are important pathophysiology In future, such will essential developing scores (MRS) metabolic diseases. Although MRS very promising predicting individual obesity, implementation challenging not been introduced into clinical practice so far. Key Messages: Future undoubtedly discover numerous may be involved development comorbidities, especially at young age. contribute better understanding complex etiology human From perspective, overarching aim generate robust reliable accurate prediction comorbidities.

Language: Английский

---

Alterations in Gut Microbiota of Infants Born to Mothers with Obesity

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 838 - 838

Published: March 31, 2025

Background: The impact of maternal obesity on offspring health remains a major and pressing issue. We investigated its the development infant gut microbiome during first six months life, examining taxonomic composition, metabolic pathways, antibiotic resistance genes. Methods: Twenty-four mother–infant pairs were divided into maternally obese (OB, BMI > 36) normal weight (BM) groups. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed stool samples collected at birth 1, 3, 6 months. A total 12 23 (n = 35) in group 30 42) control sequenced. analysis included profiling (MetaPhlAn 4), pathway (HUMAnN 3), gene screening (CARD/ABRicate). Results: OB showed reduced alpha diversity month (p ≤ 0.01) an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, peaking 3 0.001). revealed enhanced carbohydrate breakdown 0.001) BM lipid biosynthesis 0.0001) pathways. Strong correlations emerged between Lactobacillales fatty acid (r 0.7, p Firmicutes lincosamide 0.8, 0.0001). Conclusions: infants mothers had significantly altered microbiome, affecting both composition potential. These changes may have long-term consequences suggest potential therapeutic targets for intervention.

Language: Английский

---

Morphometric Analysis of the Intergenerational Effects of Protein Restriction on Nephron Endowment in Mice

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(20), P. e39552 - e39552

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Maternal diet during pregnancy and adaptive changes in the maternal and fetal pancreas have implications for future metabolic health

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Sept. 23, 2024

Fetal and neonatal development is a critical period for the establishment of future metabolic health disease risk an individual. Both maternal undernutrition overnutrition can result in abnormal fetal organ resulting inappropriate birth size, child adult obesity, increased Type 2 diabetes cardiovascular diseases. Inappropriate adaptive changes to pancreas, placental function, pancreas response nutritional stress during pregnancy are major contributors trajectory offspring. This interconnected maternal-placental-fetal axis driven by endocrine signals availability metabolites cellular premature aging tissues expression key genes involved control as long-lasting epigenetic changes. Such insufficient pancreatic beta-cell mass reduced insulin sensitivity target such liver white adipose altered hypothalamic satiety centres basal glucocorticoid levels. Whilst interventions obese mother dieting exercise, or treatment with metformin mothers who develop gestational diabetes, improve reduce large-for-gestational age infant, their effectiveness changing adverse yet unclear.

Language: Английский

---

Research trends between childhood obesity and gut microbiota: a bibliometric analysis (2002–2023)

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Sept. 27, 2024

Background In recent years, the prevalence of childhood obesity has escalated alarmingly, posing significant threats to physical and mental well-being children, with an elevated likelihood persisting into adulthood. Notably, investigations have uncovered a profound association between intestinal microbiota, crucial component internal milieu, obesity. Disturbances in microbiota their by-products are now understood be profoundly intertwined evolutionary pathway Bibliometric analysis offers deep understanding current research landscape, so we apply it review emerging trends patterns gut microbiota. Materials methods We conducted rigorous extensive search Web Science (WoS) Core Collection database, spanning years from 1900 2023, analyze scholarly articles pertaining Utilizing VOSviewer, CiteSpace, R package “bibliometrix,” online bibliometric platform ( https://bibliometric.com/ ), delved intricate details hotspots, academic collaborations, within this domain. Results The exhaustive encompassed globe, uncovering cumulative total 1,384 pertinent studies originating 429 nations. results were compelling, revealing influence exerted by United States China specific field research. Furthermore, was observed that volume works is steadily growing year on year. hot topics include “abuse,” “maltreatment,” “adverse experiences,” “students,” “food addiction”. Conclusion This comprehensive meticulous exploration evolving agendas over past two decades. It strives equip researchers thorough key nations, institutions, journals, potential collaborators these specialized fields. Additionally, sheds light frontiers strategic avenues for further exploration, thus serving as invaluable resource scholars delving deeper intricacies microbiome.

Language: Английский

---

Microbiota and Autism: A Review on Oral and Gut Microbiome Analysis Through 16S rRNA Sequencing

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 2686 - 2686

Published: Nov. 25, 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with multifactorial etiologies, including genetic, environmental, and microbiological factors. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the role of gut microbiota in ASD. Emerging evidence suggests that dysbiosis may influence central nervous system through gut-brain axis, potentially impacting behavior neurodevelopment. The use 16S rRNA gene sequencing become pivotal tool profiling microbial communities associated ASD, offering valuable insights into bacterial diversity, composition, potential functional roles. This review aims provide comprehensive analysis current findings on relationship between oral particular focus studies utilizing sequencing. We will explore how microbiome alterations contribute ASD pathophysiology, discuss limitations existing research, propose future directions for integration diagnostics treatment strategies. These underscore modulating symptoms. data suggest specific taxa are consistently altered which have implications understanding axis its

Language: Английский

---

The Effect of Maternal Diet and Lifestyle on the Risk of Childhood Obesity

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(12), P. 655 - 655

Published: Nov. 25, 2024

: Childhood obesity is a global health problem that affects at least 41 million children under the age of five. Increased BMI in associated with serious long-term consequences, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and psychological problems, including depression low self-esteem. Although etiology complex, research suggests diet lifestyle pregnant women play key role shaping metabolic epigenetic changes can increase risk their children. Excessive gestational weight gain, unhealthy dietary patterns (including Western diet), pregnancy complications (such diabetes) are some modifiable factors contribute to childhood obesity. The purpose this narrative review summarize most important recent information on impact

Language: Английский

---