Renewable Energy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 204, P. 485 - 492
Published: Jan. 10, 2023
Language: Английский
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 48(42), P. 15737 - 15747
Published: Jan. 28, 2023
Language: Английский
Citations
65
Energies, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 180 - 180
Published: Dec. 28, 2023
The use of hydrogen as an energy carrier within the scope decarbonisation world’s production and utilisation is seen by many integral part this endeavour. However, discussion around technologies often lacks some perspective on currently available technologies, their Technology Readiness Level (TRL), application, important performance parameters, such density or conversion efficiency. This makes it difficult for policy makers investors to evaluate that are most promising. present study aims provide help in respect assessing which used carrier, including its main challenges, needs opportunities a scenario fossil fuels still dominate global sources but renewables expected assume progressively vital role future. green using water electrolysis described detail. Various methods storage referred, underground storage, physical material-based storage. Hydrogen transportation examined, taking into account different methods, volume requirements, distances. Lastly, assessment well-known harnessing from undertaken, gas turbines, reciprocating internal combustion engines, fuel cells. It seems assessed have already achieved satisfactory degree development, several solutions high-pressure while others require maturation, limited life and/or excessive cost various cell suitable operation turbines engines operating with hydrogen. Costs below 200 USD/kWproduced, lives above 50 kh, efficiencies approaching 80% being aimed at electricity Nonetheless, notable advances been these recent years. For instance, solid oxide cells may now sometimes reach up 85% efficiency although range 20 kh. Conversely, proton exchange membrane (PEMFCs) working electrolysers able achieve 80 kh 68%. Regarding hydrogen, maximum slightly lower (72% 55%, respectively). combination losses due production, compression, yields overall could be low 25%, smart applications, those can process waste heat, substantially improve figures. Despite foreseeable future hold significant potential clean demand continues grow, particularly transportation, building heating, power generation, new business prospects emerge. should done careful regard fact need increase technological readiness level before they become viable options. this, emphasis put research, innovation, collaboration among industry, academia, policymakers unlock full vector sustainable economy.
Language: Английский
Citations
51
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63, P. 315 - 329
Published: March 19, 2024
Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) can be used as a lossless form of storage at ambient conditions. The cycle consists the exothermic hydrogenation hydrogen-lean molecule start transport, usually production site, becoming hydrogen-rich molecule. This loaded transported long distances or long-term due to its ability not lose over periods time. At site time required production, released through an endothermic dehydrogenation reaction. LOHCs show similar properties crude oils, such petroleum and diesel, allowing easy handling possibilities integration with current infrastructure. Using this background, paper reviews variety aspects LOHC life cycle, focus on currently studied materials. Important factors requirements for each material are analysed determine their in scenarios. Toluene dibenzyltoluene attractive options promising attributes, however enthalpies remain problem. economic feasibility being delivery device were briefly analysed. have been shown cheapest option distance transport (>200 km), cheaper than most shorter terms specifically costs. major capital cost chain remains initial investment raw materials equipment performing dehydrogenation. Finally, some studies developing field discussed, microwave enhancing parts process mixing acquire more advantageous properties.
Language: Английский
Citations
41
Journal of Energy Storage, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 86, P. 111159 - 111159
Published: March 11, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
40
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 56, P. 1419 - 1434
Published: Jan. 5, 2024
Hydrogen, as a primary carbon-free energy carrier is confronted by challenges in storage and transportation. However, liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) present promising solution for storing transporting at ambient temperature atmospheric pressure. Unlike circular such methanol, ammonia, synthetic natural gas, LOHCs do not produce by-products during recovery. only act the can also be recycled reuse. Although there are considerable advantages to LOHCs, some drawbacks, especially relative consumption dehydrogenation step of LOHC recycling. This review summarizes recent progresses technologies, focusing on catalyst developments, process reactor designs, applications, techno-economic assessments (TEA). technologies potentially offer significant benefits Australia, terms an export commodity. help avoid capital costs associated with infrastructure, transportation vessels, while reducing loss transportation, case (LH2). Additionally, it minimises CO2 emissions, observed methane methanol reforming. Thus, essential dedicate more efforts explore develop Australian context.
Language: Английский
Citations
28
Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(37)
Published: Feb. 20, 2024
Abstract Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) have gained significant attention for large‐scale storage due to their remarkable gravimetric capacity (HSC) and compatibility with existing oil gas transportation networks long‐distance transport. However, the practical application of reversible LOHC systems has been constrained by intrinsic thermodynamic properties performances associated catalysts in (de)hydrogenation cycles. To overcome these challenges, thermodynamically favored carriers, high‐performance catalysts, catalytic procedures need be developed. Here, advances recent years summarized, primarily centered on regular catalyzed homogeneous heterogeneous including dehydrogenative aromatization cycloalkanes arenes N ‐heterocyclics ‐heteroarenes, as well reverse hydrogenation processes. Furthermore, development metal complexes coupling, a new family based alcohols is described that can release H 2 under relatively mild conditions. Finally, views next steps challenges field technology are provided, emphasizing resources low‐cost technologies, scenarios.
Language: Английский
Citations
26
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 1359 - 1359
Published: Jan. 22, 2024
The storage and transfer of energy require a safe technology to mitigate the global environmental issues resulting from massive application fossil fuels. Fuel cells have used hydrogen as clean efficient source. Nevertheless, transport presented longstanding problems. Recently, liquid organic carriers (LOHCs) emerged solution these issues. technique in LOHCs is more attractive than those conventional systems like liquefaction, compression at high pressure, methods adsorption absorption. release acceptance should be reversible by LOHC molecules following favourable reaction kinetics. comprise semi-liquid compounds that are hydrogenated store hydrogen. These stored transported finally dehydrogenated required for supplying energy. Hydrogenation dehydrogenation conducted catalytically multiple cycles. This review elaborates on characteristics different molecules, based their efficacy generators. Additionally, catalysts both hydrogenation discussed.
Language: Английский
Citations
24
Journal of Energy Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 97, P. 166 - 215
Published: June 4, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
21
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 78, P. 1 - 21
Published: June 24, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
19
Energies, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 1231 - 1231
Published: March 3, 2025
The marine industry, being the backbone of world trade, is under tremendous pressure to reduce its environmental impact, mainly driven by reliance on fossil fuels and significant greenhouse gas emissions. This paper looks at hydrogen as a transformative energy vector for maritime logistics. It delves into methods production, innovative propulsion technologies, advantages adopting hydrogen. analysis extends economic feasibility this transition undertakes comparative evaluation with other alternative emphasize distinct strengths weaknesses Furthermore, based case studies pilot projects, study elaborates how can be used in real-world contexts, concluding that combination ammonia green hybrid systems presents increased flexibility, serving primary fuel while enhances efficiency powers auxiliary systems. approach represents promising solution reducing shipping sector’s carbon footprint, enabling industry achieve greater sustainability maintaining scalability essential global trade. Overall, work bridges gap between theoretical concepts actionable solutions, therefore offering valuable insights decarbonization sector achieving goals.
Language: Английский
Citations
2