Emerald Ash Borer Management and Research: Decades of Damage and Still Expanding

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 239 - 258

Published: Sept. 14, 2023

Since the discovery of ash tree ( Fraxinus spp.) killer emerald borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis) in United States 2002 and Moscow, Russia 2003, substantial detection management efforts have been applied to contain monitor its spread mitigate impacts. Despite these efforts, pest continues within North America. It has European Ukraine is causing sporadic outbreaks native range China. The dynamics EAB's expansion events appear be linked lack resistant trees invaded ranges, facilitated by abundance or planted American susceptible species. We review recently gained knowledge EAB; ecological, economic, social impacts; past with their successes limitations. also highlight advances biological control, mechanisms resistance, new approaches under development, aim guiding more effective management.

Language: Английский

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Higher tree species richness and diversity in urban areas than in forests: Implications for host availability for invasive tree pests and pathogens

Landscape and Urban Planning, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 250, P. 105144 - 105144

Published: June 21, 2024

Urban and forest trees provide valuable ecosystem services. However, they are increasingly threatened by invasive pests pathogens. Trees in urban areas often the first potential hosts non-native tree-feeding insects tree pathogens ("pests") encounter after introduction a novel region. If encountered suitable hosts, these can establish become – eventually also surrounding forests. Here, we compared species genus composition between forests examined implications for host availability effects on invasibility. We compiled standardised 26 inventories, containing ∼ 500.000 individual trees. used multivariate analyses to compare with from each municipality (10 km radius), derived Swiss National Forest Inventory. With > 1300 different species, richness of was 17 times higher than Linear models revealed that quarantine is significantly forests, large differences suitability assemblages. This indicates result increased availability, possibly facilitating establishment pests.

Language: Английский

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A glimmer of hope – ash genotypes with increased resistance to ash dieback pathogen show cross‐resistance to emerald ash borer

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 240(3), P. 1219 - 1232

Published: June 21, 2023

Plants rely on cross-resistance traits to defend against multiple, phylogenetically distinct enemies. These are often the result of long co-evolutionary histories. Biological invasions can force naïve plants cope with novel, coincident pests, and pathogens. For example, European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is substantially threatened by emerald borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, a wood-boring beetle, dieback (ADB) pathogen, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Yet, plant novel enemies poorly explored it unknown whether trees enemy complexes via mechanisms. To gain mechanistic insights, we quantified EAB performance grafted replicates genotypes varying in ADB resistance characterized phloem chemistry targeted untargeted metabolomics. Emerald performed better ADB-susceptible than ADB-resistant genotypes. Moreover, changes aligned differences chemical profiles between We show that intraspecific variation confer increased invasive antagonists from different taxonomic kingdoms. Our study suggests promotion may simultaneously help control disease reduce EAB-caused losses, which be critical for long-term stability this keystone tree species.

Language: Английский

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An integrative phenology and climatic suitability model for emerald ash borer

Frontiers in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

Introduction Decision support models that predict both when and where to expect emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), are needed for the development implementation of effective management strategies against this major invasive pest ( Fraxinus species) in North America other regions such as Europe. We present a spatialized model phenology climatic suitability EAB use Degree-Days, Risk, Phenological event mapping (DDRP) platform, which is an open-source decision tool help detect, monitor, manage threats. Methods evaluated using presence records from three geographic (China, America, Europe) phenological dataset consisting primarily observations northeastern midwestern United States. To demonstrate model, we produced maps recent year tested trends EAB’s potential distribution over 20-year period. Results Overall, exhibited strong performance. Presence was correctly estimated 99% predicted dates adult events corresponded closely with observed dates, mean absolute error ca. 7 days low estimates bias. Climate stresses were insufficient exclude areas native species Europe; however, extreme weather events, climate warming, inability complete its life cycle may reduce some areas. Significant toward earlier emergence 20 years occurred only Discussion Near real-time forecasts conterminous States available at two websites provide end-users decision-support surveillance pest. Forecasts egg hatch particularly relevant managing existing populations pesticide treatments parasitoid introductions.

Language: Английский

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The genetic structure of the ash obligate moth prays fraxinella suggests that it is not affected by current habitat fragmentation

Journal of Insect Conservation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 29(1)

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Abstract Tree diseases may cause the extirpation or functional extinction of a common tree species on large spatial scales. For example, ash dieback ( Hymenoscyphus fraxineus ) is expected to widespread loss European Fraxinus excelsior ). This type have consequences for ability some insects move between woodlands, particularly obligate (species reliant one food). Our aim was use ddRAD-seq genetic data determine population structure Prays fraxinella (ash bud moth), an ash-obligate micro-moth, and assess its maintain connectivity across fragmented patches native broadleaf woodlands. We found no evidence structuring at local (up 44 km) scales, inbreeding. At regional scales 426 km), we mixed ancestry long-distance dispersal. research highlights that given gene flow in areas where woodlands historically been very fragmented, P. continue under moderate future losses ongoing outbreaks. Implications insect conservation: potential indirect impacts ash-dieback through connectivity. approach should be extended other species, various levels existing fragmentation, inform conservation strategies more fully managing dieback.

Language: Английский

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Agrilus planipennis Pest Report to support the ranking of EU candidate priority pests

EFSA Supporting Publications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract In 2022, EFSA was mandated by the European Commission's Directorate‐General for Health and Food Safety (M‐2022‐00070) to provide technical assistance on list of Union quarantine pests qualifying as priority pests, specified in Article 6(2) Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 protective measures against plant pests. As part Task C, conducted expert knowledge elicitations candidate focusing lag period, expansion rate impact production (yield quality losses) environment. This report provides rationale dataset Agrilus planipennis, delivered Joint Research Centre, feed into Impact Indicator Priority Pests (I2P2) model complete pest prioritisation ranking exercise.

Language: Английский

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Detection of Paecilomyces formosus associated with declining urban forests and beetles in Iran

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 133, P. 102384 - 102384

Published: Aug. 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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Potential Westward Spread of Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from Eastern Ukraine

Forests, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 736 - 736

Published: April 3, 2023

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, is a phloem-boring beetle, native to East Asia that has become serious invasive pest of (Fraxinus spp.) trees in North America and European Russia since the early 2000s. In 2019, EAB was detected Ukraine. It had spread over 300 km from entry point two years killed hundreds Fraxinus excelsior F. pennsylvanica trees. poses threat forests neighboring countries, which have already been damaged by fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. The purpose this research (i) reveal traits climatic variables affect its survival; (ii) predict expansion range Ukraine westward; (iii) compare most significant bioclimatic native, ranges EAB, as well outside these ranges. results demonstrated following: all ranges, adapted seasonal temperature variations; MaxEnt model predicted potential distribution with high accuracy (AUC = 0.988); area invasion covered 87%, 48%, 32% Luhansk, Kharkiv, Donetsk regions, respectively; EAB-inhabited regions ecological plasticity pest. However, predictions could be improved considering forest structure, localization roads.

Language: Английский

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Forest site and stand structure affecting the distribution of Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Eastern Ukraine

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, an invasive phloem-boring beetle, was detected in the Luhansk Region of Ukraine 2019. In following years, it expanded to a large part Kharkiv region and parks Kyiv. Previous research proved that climate neighboring regions is favorable for EAB, lack host plant (Fraxinus sp.) cannot prevent pest expansion Ukraine. Considering necessity detect inhabited trees time, our current aimed identify most attractive EAB forest subcompartments considering site conditions stand structure. MaxEnt model predicted potential distribution with high accuracy (AUC = 0.842). The significant five variables provided 82.9% model, particularly «Age trees, years», «Area subcompartment, ha», «Mean height m», «The proportion Fraxinus excelsior composition, %», «Hygrotope index (humidity level), point». A very probability (>90 %) at 20 % area sp. composition. spread above 30% 75 such area. To improve forecasting accuracy, could be necessary consider data on road localization along which can passively, as well dominate wind speed.

Language: Английский

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A Time-Frequency Domain Mixed Attention-Based Approach for Classifying Wood-Boring Insect Feeding Vibration Signals Using a Deep Learning Model

Insects, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 282 - 282

Published: April 16, 2024

Wood borers, such as the emerald ash borer and holcocerus insularis staudinger, pose a significant threat to forest ecosystems, causing damage trees impacting biodiversity. This paper proposes neural network for detecting classifying wood borers based on their feeding vibration signals. We utilize piezoelectric ceramic sensors collect drilling signals introduce novel convolutional (CNN) architecture named Residual Mixed Domain Attention Module Network (RMAMNet).The RMAMNet employs both channel-domain attention time-domain mechanisms enhance network’s capability learn meaningful features. The proposed system outperforms established networks, ResNet VGG, achieving recognition accuracy of 95.34% an F1 score 0.95. Our findings demonstrate that significantly improves classification, indicating its potential effective pest monitoring classification tasks. study provides new perspective technical support automatic detection, early warning wood-boring pests in forestry.

Language: Английский

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