Progress and Challenges of Protecting North American Ash Trees from the Emerald Ash Borer Using Biological Control

Forests, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 142 - 142

Published: March 15, 2018

After emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, was discovered in the United States, a classical biological control program initiated against this destructive pest of trees (Fraxinus spp.). This biocontrol began 2007 after federal regulatory agencies and state Michigan approved release three EAB parasitoid species from China: Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Eulophidae), Spathius agrili (Braconidae), Oobius Zhang Huang (Encyrtidae). A fourth parasitoid, galinae Belokobylskij (Braconidae) Russia, for 2015. We review rationale ecological premises program, then report on progress North American recovery southern Michigan, where parasitoids were first released. also identify challenges to conserving native Fraxinus using aftermath invasion, provide suggestions improvements as spreads throughout America. conclude that more work is needed to: (1) evaluate establishment impact agents different climate zones; (2) determine combined effect host plant resistance or tolerance regeneration species; (3) expand foreign exploration natural enemies Asia.

Language: Английский

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Ecological Impacts of Emerald Ash Borer in Forests at the Epicenter of the Invasion in North America

Forests, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 250 - 250

Published: May 5, 2018

We review research on ecological impacts of emerald ash borer (EAB)-induced mortality in the Upper Huron River watershed southeast Michigan near epicenter invasion North America, where forests have been impacted longer than any others America. By 2009, green, white, and black exceeded 99%, seed production regeneration had ceased. This left an orphaned cohort saplings too small to be infested, fate which may depend ability natural enemies regulate EAB populations at low densities. There was no relationship between patterns density, importance, or community composition. Most trees died over a five-year period, resulting relatively simultaneous, widespread gap formation. Disturbance from formation accumulation coarse woody debris caused by cascading forest communities, including successional trajectories, growth non-native invasive plants, soil dwelling herbivorous arthropod bird foraging behavior, abundance, These other ecosystems are likely experienced elsewhere as continues spread.

Language: Английский

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Emerald Ash Borer Management and Research: Decades of Damage and Still Expanding

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 239 - 258

Published: Sept. 14, 2023

Since the discovery of ash tree ( Fraxinus spp.) killer emerald borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis) in United States 2002 and Moscow, Russia 2003, substantial detection management efforts have been applied to contain monitor its spread mitigate impacts. Despite these efforts, pest continues within North America. It has European Ukraine is causing sporadic outbreaks native range China. The dynamics EAB's expansion events appear be linked lack resistant trees invaded ranges, facilitated by abundance or planted American susceptible species. We review recently gained knowledge EAB; ecological, economic, social impacts; past with their successes limitations. also highlight advances biological control, mechanisms resistance, new approaches under development, aim guiding more effective management.

Language: Английский

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Challenges, tactics and integrated management of emerald ash borer in North America

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 24, 2019

Abstract Emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire), discovered in southeastern Michigan, USA 2002, has become the most destructive and costly invasive forest insect North America. This phloem-boring beetle also invaded Moscow, Russia continued spread of EAB potentially threatens European (Fraxinus spp.) species. review summarizes life history, including interspecific variation host preference, invasion impacts challenges detecting new infestations provides an overview available management tactics. Advances systemic insecticides, particularly emamectin benzoate products applied via trunk injection, have yielded effective practical options both to protect individual trees slow population growth decline on area-wide basis without disrupting natural enemies. Economic costs treating are substantially lower than removal costs, retain ecosystem services provided by trees, reduce sociocultural conserve genetic diversity areas EAB. Girdled highly attractive adults low-density populations debarking small girdled locate larval galleries is detection method. An array woodpeckers, native parasitoids introduced attack stages but mortality variable. Area-wide strategies that integrate insecticide-treated trap biological control can be adapted for local conditions impacts.

Language: Английский

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Strategic Development of Tree Resistance Against Forest Pathogen and Insect Invasions in Defense-Free Space

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Sept. 3, 2018

• Invasive pathogens that cause stem cankers and wilts of trees, insects bore into bark wood have proven extremely destructive to the world's forests particularly difficult manage once established Such pests are especially devastating when evolutionarily naïve host trees lack adequate natural defenses Modern tree improvement programs increasingly capable restoring such providing for planting withstanding alien Careful target selection, early implementation sustained support these important their success We provide a simplified framework guide responses invasive rapidly identify promising development resistance

Language: Английский

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Protection of North American ash against emerald ash borer with biological control: ecological premises and progress toward success

BioControl, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 68(2), P. 87 - 100

Published: Feb. 3, 2023

Language: Английский

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Successful recovery of native plants post‐invasive removal in forest understories is driven by native community features

Ecological Applications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(2)

Published: March 1, 2025

Temperate forest understories hold the majority of plant diversity present in these ecosystems and play an essential role recruitment establishment native trees. However, long-term persistence diverse functional is threatened by impacts invasive plants. As a result, common practice removal agent invasion. Despite this, we know little about success practices lack comprehensive understanding what intrinsic extrinsic factors shape recovery. In multiyear field experiment, investigated (Q1) whether propagule availability drove community recovery, (Q2) characteristics successfully recovering communities were, (Q3) under which environmental conditions recovery rates were faster. After initial invasives, seeded species to manipulate assembly history mimic restoration practices, also implemented repeated, versus once, treatment, all full-factorial design. We collected data on composition abundance (i.e., level percent cover) light soil water availability) three subsequent summers. Our results show that independent seeding additions or frequency removal. The fastest associated with high richness, higher values specific leaf area (SLA), low drought stress years. suggest post-invasive should be tailored enhance natural dispersal, artificial addition if resident species-poor, traits compatible resource availability, such as SLA. importance characteristics, our underscore need for assessing conditions, favoring management during years maximize

Language: Английский

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Optimizing Conservation Strategies for a Threatened Tree Species: In Situ Conservation of White Ash (Fraxinus americana L.) Genetic Diversity through Insecticide Treatment

Forests, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 202 - 202

Published: April 13, 2018

Forest resources face numerous threats that require costly management. Hence, there is an increasing need for data-informed strategies to guide conservation practices. The introduction of the emerald ash borer North America has caused rapid declines in populations (Fraxinus spp. L.). Natural resource managers are faced with a choice either allowing trees die, risking forest degradation and reduced functional resilience, or investing conserving preserve ecosystem structure standing genetic diversity. information needed these decisions not always readily available. Therefore, address this concern, we used eight microsatellites genotype 352 white americana L.) across 17 Allegheny National Forest; subset individuals sampled part insecticide treatment regimen. Genetic diversity (number alleles He) was equivalent treated untreated trees, little evidence differentiation inbreeding, suggesting current insecticidal local, neutral Using simulations, demonstrated best practice treating more rather than fewer populations. Furthermore, through screening, practitioners can select highly diverse unique maximize reduce expenditures (by up 21%). These findings will help develop cost-effective conserve

Language: Английский

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Potential Impacts of Emerald Ash Borer Biocontrol on Ash Health and Recovery in Southern Michigan

Forests, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 296 - 296

Published: May 25, 2018

Emerald ash borer (EAB) is an invasive beetle that kills native North American species, threatening their persistence. A classical biological control program for EAB was initiated in 2007 with the release of three specialized parasitoids. Monitoring changes health and regeneration where biocontrol agents have been released critical assessing success predicting future to component forests. We sampled plots across southern Michigan over a three-year period measure recruitment begin long-term impact on populations. noted reduced mortality larger trees between 2012 2015 compared increases diameter, but our results were otherwise inconsistent. Ash generally higher highly variable among sites, suggesting some protection saplings from by conclude likely positive effect populations, study duration not long enough definitively deduce this region.

Language: Английский

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Host range expansion may provide enemy free space for the highly invasive emerald ash borer

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 625 - 635

Published: Sept. 25, 2018

Emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is an aggressive invader from Asia that has killed millions of trees in North America, causing substantial ecosystem effects and economic losses. All American ash, Fraxinus spp., are thought to be susceptible, but recently emerald borer been documented developing a novel host, white fringetree, Chionanthus virginicus. We evaluated larval performance two common species fringetree by infesting bolts with eggs. In addition we cambial nitrogen, carbon, carbon:nitrogen, stem density, response artificial wounding, determine which host plant characteristics most influence development. also conducted choice no assays using the classical biological control agent, Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), assess its ability locate different plants. found significantly lower survival rates larvae compared F. americana. Larval phloem consumption growth were than either or blue quadrangulata. Carbon content density greater species. Response measured callus tissue formation, was greatest ash. assays, T. only parasitized bolts, no-choice tests failed parasitize fringetree. Our findings corroborate studies showing suitable for larvae. Failure within implications efficacy this agent regulating populations. Coupled use as reservoir enemy free space provided through alternate may have significant repercussions invasion dynamics.

Language: Английский

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