Release of coarse woody detritus-related carbon: a synthesis across forest biomes

Carbon Balance and Management, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 15, 2020

Abstract Background Recent increases in forest tree mortality should increase the abundance coarse woody detritus (CWD) and ultimately lead to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, time course of release from CWD is not well understood. We compiled decomposition rate-constants (i.e., k ) examine how species, piece diameter, position standing versus downed), canopy openness, macroclimate influenced . To illustrate their implications we modeled effect species on estimates decomposition-related flux. examined a subset currently used models determine if structure accounted for these factors. Results Globally downed varied at least 244-fold with interspecies variation individual sites up 76-fold. While generally decreased increasing under open canopies opposite occurred. Standing sometimes exhibited little decomposition, but had values 3 times faster than CWD. There was clear response mean annual temperature ≈ 2.6 per 10 ℃; however, there considerable given related position. A key feature after disturbance “evolution” ecosystem-level value as positions mixtures remaining changed. Variations caused by (e.g., changes positions, sizes, microclimate) potential cause net fluxes atmosphere be highly nonlinear. several being accounting assessing land-use/climate change would potentially capture some post balances, many not. Conclusions much has been learned last 5 decades about fully understand other aspects global new phase research that more systematic, experimental, replicated needs initiated. If our findings are applied modeling, an approach acknowledging rate evolves over implemented.

Language: Английский

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Ecological Impacts of Emerald Ash Borer in Forests at the Epicenter of the Invasion in North America

Forests, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 250 - 250

Published: May 5, 2018

We review research on ecological impacts of emerald ash borer (EAB)-induced mortality in the Upper Huron River watershed southeast Michigan near epicenter invasion North America, where forests have been impacted longer than any others America. By 2009, green, white, and black exceeded 99%, seed production regeneration had ceased. This left an orphaned cohort saplings too small to be infested, fate which may depend ability natural enemies regulate EAB populations at low densities. There was no relationship between patterns density, importance, or community composition. Most trees died over a five-year period, resulting relatively simultaneous, widespread gap formation. Disturbance from formation accumulation coarse woody debris caused by cascading forest communities, including successional trajectories, growth non-native invasive plants, soil dwelling herbivorous arthropod bird foraging behavior, abundance, These other ecosystems are likely experienced elsewhere as continues spread.

Language: Английский

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Ongoing regeneration of ash and co-occurring species 20 years following invasion by emerald ash borer

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 580, P. 122546 - 122546

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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The floristic quality assessment index as ecological health indicator for forest vegetation: A case study from Zabarwan Mountain Range, Himalayas

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 145, P. 109670 - 109670

Published: Nov. 16, 2022

Evaluations ecosystem health-based field studies can assist decision-makers in formulating more targeted conservation policies to better manage ecosystems and landscape. To analyze forest characteristics the Zabarwan Mountain Range we used Floristic Quality Assessment Index (FQAI) technique evaluate health status of vegetation. According our findings, area showed an FQAI rating 61.41. The ranked 54 plant species growing region at 0, 30 1–3, 51 4–6, 7–8, 17 9–10. Of alien ranking thirteen were invasive, 36 naturalized, five casual. Amoung types, Broadleaved harbored most (35%) scrub least (6%). Based on habitat-wise distribution, largest (38%) pool was observed natural habitats, while human-modified habitat types harbord 51% species. Roadsides exhibited by far highest number (45%) together with other anthropogenic habitats. investigation indicator revealed a separation between various groups, as evidenced high values. Important 0 i.e., Aesculus indica, Ailanthus altissima, Celtis australis, Daucus carota, Poa bulbosa, Prunus armeniaca, cerasus, Quercus robur, Salix alba, which significant p-value for analysis. findings this study provide method measuring vegetation communities' responses invasions result serve developing management methods preserve ecosystems, particularly protected areas, from biodiversity threat.

Language: Английский

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Legacy effects of emerald ash borer on riparian forest vegetation and structure

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 457, P. 117684 - 117684

Published: Nov. 26, 2019

Language: Английский

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Biological invasion threatens keystone species indelibly entwined with Indigenous cultures

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(7), P. 310 - 316

Published: June 6, 2023

Black ash ( Fraxinus nigra ), the most highly preferred and vulnerable host of invasive emerald borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis ) in North America, is cultural spiritual importance to many Tribal Nations US First Canada. To date, EAB has invaded nearly 60% native range black ash, with annual spread averaging approximately 50 km per year. On basis predicted expansion distribution, we estimate that more than 75% basal area will be lost across 87% species’ American by 2035. Census data indicate 98% Indigenous people currently residing within geographic experiencing loss 2035, suggesting broad multidimensional impacts invasion for those who value as a keystone species. Collaborative efforts among scientists, resource managers, experts are needed mitigate preserve or protect resources, given vulnerability its associated ecological value.

Language: Английский

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Evaluating Adaptive Management Options for Black Ash Forests in the Face of Emerald Ash Borer Invasion

Forests, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 348 - 348

Published: June 13, 2018

The arrival and spread of emerald ash borer (EAB) across the western Great Lakes region has shifted considerable focus towards developing silvicultural strategies that minimize impacts this invasive insect on structure functioning black (Fraxinus nigra) wetlands. Early experience with clearcutting in these forests highlighted risks losing to EAB from ecosystems, stands often retrogressing marsh-like conditions limited tree cover. Given experiences an urgency for increasing resilience EAB, research efforts began north-central Minnesota 2009 followed by additional studies trials Michigan Wisconsin evaluate potential using regeneration harvests conjunction planting replacement species sustain forested wetland habitats after infestations. Along more formal experiments, a number field demonstrations have been employed managers determine effective ways reducing vulnerability forest types EAB. This paper reviews results recent managing describes insights gained ecological unique, foundational role played ash.

Language: Английский

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Ecology of Terrestrial Arthropods in Freshwater Wetlands

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 65(1), P. 101 - 119

Published: Sept. 23, 2019

The terrestrial arthropod fauna of wetlands has been largely ignored by scientists compared to other ecological elements, yet these organisms are among the most important influences on ecology systems, with vast majority biodiversity in found arthropods. Wetlands present a range habitat for arthropods, unique faunas being associated soils and ground litter, living-plant substrates, peatlands. Myriapoda, Araneae, Collembola, Carabidae, Formicidae, assorted herbivorous Coleoptera Lepidoptera groups that influence wetlands. Despite their success, arthropods possess fairly rudimentary adaptations life wetlands, simply moving higher or up vegetation during floods, although some species can tolerate immersion. Many environmentally sensitive show considerable promise as bioindicators wetland conditions.

Language: Английский

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Riparian forest conditions along three northern Michigan rivers following Emerald Ash Borer invasion

Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 50(8), P. 800 - 810

Published: April 14, 2020

Emerald Ash Borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera, Buprestidae)) has killed millions of ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees since its 2002 detection in southern Michigan and Ontario. Effects EAB riparian forests, where species are often abundant, could influence terrestrial aquatic conditions but largely unknown. We surveyed vegetation coarse woody material within between three gaps forests along stretches rivers northwestern Michigan. Gaps were originally dominated by Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. nigra Marsh., which comprised 46%–71% total basal area, while <10% area gaps. More than 95% overstory EAB. saplings abundant F. regeneration was minimal. Few tree seedlings occurred gaps, dense sedge mats. Aerial imagery showed the invasion resulted 3.6–7.1 canopy gaps·km −1 dead account for 13%–21% 100 m banks all rivers. Long-term monitoring will be useful to evaluate persistence ash, particularly nigra, stability buffers, potential indirect effects on adjacent systems.

Language: Английский

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Tree species richness and ash density have variable effects on emerald ash borer biological control by woodpeckers and parasitoid wasps in post-invasion white ash stands

Environmental Entomology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(4), P. 544 - 560

Published: June 24, 2024

Abstract Emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is the most destructive insect to invade North American forests. Identifying habitat features that support EAB natural enemies necessary enhance biological control. In many forest ecosystems, tree species diversity has been linked with reduced pest abundance and increases in enemy abundance. We assessed influence of richness, density, proportion total basal area on canopy condition, larval densities, biocontrol by woodpeckers parasitoids pairs healthy declining overstory (DBH &gt; 10 cm) recruit-sized 2–10 4 post-invasion forests Michigan, USA. Tree richness density were not significantly associated dieback transparency, woodpecker predation larvae. ash, killed 38.5 ± 3.9% 13.2 3.7% larvae, respectively, while native parasitoid Phasgonophora sulcata Westwood 15.8 3.8% 8.3 3.0% introduced Spathius galinae Belokobylskij & Strazanac 10.8 2.5% 5.0 2.6% Parasitism P. was inversely related parasitism S. positively density. Ash but diversity, appears differentially control parasitoids, this effect densities or improved condition.

Language: Английский

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