COVID-19 Complications: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial and Endothelial Dysfunction

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(19), P. 14876 - 14876

Published: Oct. 4, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 infection, discovered and isolated in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, causes acute atypical respiratory symptoms has led to profound changes our lives. COVID-19 is characterized by a wide range of complications, which include pulmonary embolism, thromboembolism arterial clot formation, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, multiorgan failure, more. The disease caused worldwide pandemic, despite various measures such as social distancing, preventive strategies, therapeutic approaches, the creation vaccines, novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) still hides many mysteries for scientific community. Oxidative stress been suggested play an essential role pathogenesis COVID-19, determining free radical levels patients with may provide insight into severity. generation abnormal oxidants under COVID-19-induced cytokine storm irreversible oxidation macromolecules subsequent damage cells, tissues, organs. Clinical studies have shown that oxidative initiates endothelial damage, increases risk complications post-COVID-19 or long-COVID-19 cases. This review describes radicals mediation mitochondrial dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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Interplay between Comorbidities and Long COVID: Challenges and Multidisciplinary Approaches

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 835 - 835

Published: July 11, 2024

Long COVID, a name often given to the persistent symptoms following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, poses multifaceted challenge for health. This review explores intrinsic relationship between comorbidities and autoimmune responses in shaping trajectory of long COVID. Autoantibodies have emerged as significant players COVID-19 pathophysiology, with implications disease severity progression. Studies show immune dysregulation persisting months after marked by activated innate cells high cytokine levels. The presence autoantibodies against various autoantigens suggests their potential comorbid factors Additionally, formation complexes may lead severe progression, highlighting urgency early detection intervention. Furthermore, COVID is highly linked cardiovascular complications neurological symptoms, posing challenges diagnosis management. Multidisciplinary approaches, including vaccination, tailored rehabilitation, pharmacological interventions, are used mitigating COVID’s burden. However, numerous persist, from evolving diagnostic criteria addressing psychosocial impact predicting outcomes. Leveraging AI-based applications holds promise enhancing patient management improving our understanding As research continues unfold, unravelling complexities remains paramount effective intervention care.

Language: Английский

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"When," "Where," and "How" of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Affects the Human Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review

Balkan Medical Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 7 - 22

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Heartfailure, ischemic myocardial injuries, microvascular disease, Kounis syndrome, prolonged COVID, fibrosis, myocarditis, new-onset hypertension, pericarditis, postural orthostatic tachycardia pulmonary stroke, Takotsubo venous thromboembolism, and thrombocytopenia.In this narrative review, we describe elucidate when, where, how COVID-19 affects the human cardiovascular system in various parts of body that are vulnerable every patient category, including children athletes.

Language: Английский

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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Respiratory Disease

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 2390 - 2390

Published: April 19, 2024

Extracellular traps made by neutrophils (NETs) and other leukocytes such as macrophages eosinophils have a key role in the initial immune response to infection but are highly inflammatory may contribute tissue damage. They particularly relevant lung disease, with pulmonary anatomy facilitating their ability fully extend into airways/alveolar space. There has been rapid expansion number of published studies demonstrating variety important respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, asthma, pneumonia, COVID-19, rhinosinusitis, interstitial disease cancer. The expression NETs is specific process, diagnostic tests need differentiate them from pathways/causes cell death that also characterised presence extracellular DNA. targeting this pathway therapeutics significant clinical benefit; however, current trials/evidence at very early stage. This review will provide broad overview possible treatment disease.

Language: Английский

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Angiotensin-II and Thromboembolic Events: A Systematic Review

Critical Care Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 52(12), P. 1894 - 1905

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and synthesize the existing evidence for association of angiotensin-II with thromboembolic events. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL databases. STUDY SELECTION: This systematic review included randomized trials comparative observational studies that reported on occurrence venous and/or arterial events in adult patients receiving treatment shock vs. a comparator. EXTRACTION: A total 1689 records were screened by two independent investigators. Seven deemed eligible inclusion, encompassing 1461 patients. controlled five nonrandomized intervention. Data extracted independently duplicate. Risk bias assessments performed using Bias 2 Of In Nonrandomized Studies Interventions tools. SYNTHESIS: The variety individual composite as exploratory endpoints. Overall, they demonstrated an elevated risk bias, predominantly related to confounding, measurement outcomes selection results, which precluded quantitative synthesis. Within these limitations, we found event rates similar between comparator groups. Venous described 8.8% 9.4% controls, while 11.3% 12.7%, respectively. Total broadly comparable when utilizing data derived from primary publications adjusted U.S. Food Drug Administration account trial data. CONCLUSIONS: Published does not currently support or refute increased Given limited quality available data, future should explicitly define diagnostic reporting criteria such

Language: Английский

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Alginate based hemostatic materials for bleeding management: A review

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 274, P. 133218 - 133218

Published: June 18, 2024

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 S-protein expression drives syncytia formation in endothelial cells

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

SARS-CoV-2 is a viral infection, best studied in the context of epithelial cell infection. Epithelial cells, when infected with express S-protein, which causes host cells to fuse together into large multi-nucleated known as syncytia. Because infections also frequently present cardiovascular phenotypes, we sought understand if S-protein expression would result syncytia formation endothelial cells. was sufficient induce an average 10% all forming 6 nuclei per after 72 h expression. Formation associated gaps between suggesting potential for compromise barrier function. Inhibition myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), but not Rho-associated protein kinase, inhibited syncytia, role MLCK formation. Further supporting cellular contractility formation, observed reduction occurrence grown on substrates reduced stiffness. are exposed physiological forces due blood flow, examined effects cyclic biaxial stretch and fluid shear stress. While did affect stress were more resistant Finally, that suitable infection replication, Our studies indicate addition should be considered target driver COVID-19-associated pathology.

Language: Английский

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Post-pandemic insights on COVID-19 and premature ovarian insufficiency

Open Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns regarding its potential impact on premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). This overview examines the possible interactions between and POI, while also suggesting preventive measures. viral infection's inflammatory response immune dysregulation may adversely affect tissues, leading to inflammation damage. Additionally, alterations in vascular function could impair blood flow hormonal imbalances disrupt normal function. Long-term health effects, such as "long COVID," exacerbate these issues through chronic dysfunction. Public measures, vaccination home isolation, indirectly protect by reducing systemic inflammation. Vaccines mitigate severity of COVID-19's function, isolation reduce stress However, further research is needed validate mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Coagulation Profile of Convalescent Plasma Donors and Recipients

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Convalescent plasma (CP) therapy for COVID-19 infection may have favorable safety but varying efficacy, with concerns about its procoagulant impact. We investigated whether administration of CP to hospitalized patients affects their coagulation profile. Fifty-four randomized in a double-blinded fashion received either placebo, low-titer (LCP) or high-titer (HCP). Donor blood samples were obtained at the time plasmapheresis, while recipient collected before infusion, one day post-infusion and between two six days after infusion. Routine laboratory follow-up, biomarkers, antiphospholipid antibodies, thrombin generation (TG) assessed. donors had normal cell counts profiles, without differences LCP HCP baseline. All recipients on low-molecular-weight heparin thromboprophylaxis Despite randomization, group lower baseline (p = 0.004) Day 1 platelet 0.019) than group. Von Willebrand antigen (VWF:Ag) levels clearly exceeded At 1, higher VWF:Ag (mean ± SD 224 15%) (210 8%) 0.012). In all groups, overall 80% lupus anticoagulant was positive. Baseline TG variables comparable, again exhibited endogenous potential (ETP) (1313 535 nM.min) 0.038) peak (184 106 nM) 0.037) (870 425 nM.min 86 54 nM). Our findings show that increases enhances despite thromboprophylaxis. These results suggest induces less hypercoagulability LCP, which contribute variability efficacy.

Language: Английский

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Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Erythropoietin Resistance Index in Hemodialysis Patients

Geriatrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 33 - 33

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Background/Objectives: Hemodialysis (HD) patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) are highly vulnerable to complications from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Anemia management in this population is complex, particularly due erythropoietin resistance, which may be exacerbated by COVID-19-related inflammation. To aim, small-scale retrospective study, we investigated trends the resistance index (ERI) over time and without Methods: This single-center study included 25 HD patients, divided into two groups: 15 a history of infection (CoV2 group) 10 (nonCoV2 group). The ERI was assessed four visits, 70–100-day intervals between them. Linear mixed models were used evaluate factors associated changes. Results: Patients CoV2 group exhibited significantly higher increases T1 (baseline) T2 (post-infection) compared nonCoV2 (median ΔERI: +4.65 vs. −0.27, p < 0.001). During T2–T4 recovery period, demonstrated delayed but substantial decline ERI, converging baseline levels T4. Male sex hemoglobin negatively ERI. Conclusions: induces transient significant likely inflammation disrupted erythropoiesis. Tailored anemia strategies, including potential use hypoxia-inducible factor stabilizers, warranted. Larger, multicenter studies needed validate these findings improve treatment protocols.

Language: Английский

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