Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on smoking and vaping: systematic review and meta-analysis

Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 218, P. 160 - 172

Published: Feb. 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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Smoke-free spaces: a decade of progress, a need for more?

Tobacco Control, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(2), P. 250 - 256

Published: March 1, 2022

Adoption of smoke-free measures has been one the central elements tobacco control activity over past 30 years. The decade seen an increasing number countries and proportion global population covered by policies to some extent. Despite reductions in smoking prevalence, growth means that non-smokers exposed harms caused secondhand smoke remains high. Smoke-free policy have shown be useful protecting from smoke, can additionally increase cessation reduce initiation. Policies tend aimed primarily at enclosed public or workplace settings with very few attempting exposure private semiprivate spaces such as homes cars, and, a result, children may benefiting less than adults. Compliance legislation also varies country there is need for education empowerment together guidance changing social norms help deliver full benefits bring. Restrictions on use electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) require more research determine implications bystanders’ e-cigarette aerosol, dual cessation.

Language: Английский

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Evaluating the Outcomes of the Menthol Cigarette Ban in England by Comparing Menthol Cigarette Smoking Among Youth in England, Canada, and the US, 2018-2020

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(5), P. e2210029 - e2210029

Published: May 3, 2022

Menthol cigarettes were prohibited in England May 2020 and nationally Canada October 2017 but remain permitted the US. Evidence on outcomes of menthol cigarette bans among youth outside Canada, characteristics smokers, is lacking.To evaluate smoking to characterize smokers terms demographics consumption dependence.This survey study uses data from online repeat cross-sectional International Tobacco Control Youth Vaping Surveys conducted 2018, 2019, February 2020, August 2020. Participants included past 30-day aged 16 19 years. Data analysis was performed March 2021 January 2022.Usually smoke a brand that menthol, including capsule.Menthol ban, comparing 3 countries over time: where ban already existed, England, implemented during study, US, no national present. Age, sex, race, dependence also examined by each country, before vs after ban.The analytical sample comprised 7067 participants years, whom 4129 female 5019 White. In weighted percentage who reported or capsule stable waves (2018 9.4% 12.1%; adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.03; 95% CI, 0.99-1.06; P = .15) decreased 3.0% (February AOR, 1.07; 1.04-1.10; < .001). The decrease between similar across all demographic groups greater perceived themselves as addicted (AOR, 0.37; 0.41-0.97; .04). 2 comparison countries, 2020: 33.6%-36.9%; 3.1%-2.3%) more prevalent US than 5.58; 4.63-6.72; male (10.9% 7.2%; 1.04; 1.01-1.06; .002); identified Black White (60.6% 31.9%; 1.33; 1.23-1.44; .001) frequent 1.01-1.13; .03), smoked per day (2-5 1, 1.09; 1.02-1.15; .006; >5 1.10; 1.03-1.18; .007), had urges every most days 1.08; 1.02-1.14; .006); 1.02; 1.00-1.03; .01).In this proportion (including capsule) substantially England. This association consistent groups. Perceived addiction lower banned.

Language: Английский

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Trends in Daily Cigarette Consumption Among Smokers: A Population Study in England, 2008–2023

Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 2, 2024

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to estimate time trends in cigarette consumption among smokers England between 2008 and 2023 explore differences by key potential moderators. Aims Methods We used data from 57 778 adult participating a nationally representative monthly cross-sectional survey January September 2023. estimated mean daily of (1) any, (2) manufactured, (3) hand-rolled cigarettes all main type smoked, smoking frequency, age, gender, occupational social grade, region, nicotine replacement therapy use, vaping status. Results Overall fell 13.6 [95% CI = 13.3 13.9] 10.6 [10.5 10.8] per day October 2019 (a 22% decrease), then remained stable up Over this period, the proportion mainly or exclusively increased (from 30.6% [29.1%–32.1%] 52.1% [49.7%–54.5%] 2023). As result, manufactured 47%, 9.5 [9.2–9.8] 5.0 [4.7–5.3] 2023, while 35%, 4.2 [3.9–4.4] 5.6 [5.3–5.9], respectively. The decline overall was observed across subgroups, but greater non-daily smokers, younger those who vaped. Conclusions last 15 years, average number consumed each has fallen almost quarter, plateaued since 2019. There been sharp an increase consumed, as have increasingly shifted towards using tobacco. Implications While over past declining trend stalled (and reversed some population groups) availability cheap, tobacco appears be undermining policies that aim reduce raising price (eg, through taxation) could targeted reignite consumption.

Language: Английский

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The UK Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and smoking, alcohol consumption and vaping during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from eight longitudinal population surveys

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Sept. 21, 2022

Employment disruptions can impact smoking and alcohol consumption. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries implemented furlough schemes to prevent job loss. We examine how was associated with smoking, vaping consumption in UK.Data from 27,841 participants eight UK adult longitudinal surveys were analysed. Participants self-reported employment status current (>4 days/week or 5+ drinks per typical occasion) both before during early stages of pandemic (April-July 2020). Risk ratios estimated within each study using modified Poisson regression, adjusting for a range potential confounders, including pre-pandemic behaviour. Findings synthesised random effects meta-analysis.Compared stable after adjustment characteristics, not (ARR = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.95-1.16; I2: 10%), 0.89; 0.74-1.08; 0%) drinking 1.03; 0.94-1.13; 48%). There similar findings no longer being employed, unemployment, though this varied by sex: unemployment women 1.35; 1.00-1.82; 47%) but men (0.84; 0.67-1.05; 0%). No employed among 2.74; 1.59-4.72; 1.25; 0.83-1.87; 0%).We found clear evidence having adverse impacts on behaviours UK. Differences risk compared those who remained largely explained characteristics.

Language: Английский

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Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from non-tobacco sources in homes within high-income countries: a systematic review

Air Quality Atmosphere & Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 553 - 566

Published: Nov. 28, 2022

Abstract The health impacts associated with exposure to elevated concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) are well recognised. There is a substantial number studies characterising PM outdoors, as in homes within low- and middle-income countries. In high-income countries (HICs), there sizeable literature on indoor relating smoking, but the evidence generated from non-tobacco sources sparse. This especially relevant people living HICs spend majority their time at home, northern hemisphere households often have low air exchange rates for energy efficiency. review identified 49 that described variety common household real-life home settings HICs. These included wood/solid fuel burning appliances, cooking, candles, incense, cleaning humidifiers. reported varied widely, both between groups same source. solid fuels was found generate highest concentrations. On occasion, other were also be responsible high concentrations; however, this only few select examples. highlights many inconsistencies ways data collected reported. variable methods measurement reporting make comparison interpretation difficult. need standardisation agreed contextual more useful epidemiological aid impact different interventions policies.

Language: Английский

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Residential secondhand smoke in a densely populated urban setting: a qualitative exploration of psychosocial impacts, views and experiences

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: June 11, 2022

Abstract Background People remain exposed to secondhand smoke, a serious health hazard, inside their home as households face challenges in setting no-smoking rules or are smoke drifting from neighbouring homes. This study explores the psychosocial impacts, views, and experiences with residential densely populated urban setting. Methods In-depth online interviews 18 key informants who had been involved public discourse, policy, advocacy handling complaints related 14 smokers, 16 non-smokers home. All participants were residents of Singapore, populated, multi-ethnic city-state. Interview transcripts coded NVivo using deductive inductive coding process. Findings Secondhand has wide-reaching impacts on physical wellbeing, even if smokers tried minimise smoke. Feelings anxiety stress generally tied feeling discomfort one’s personal space, perceived lack control over situation, resentment towards concerns effects. Family, community, cultural dynamics add complexities tackling issue, especially patriarchal households. exposure neighbours is considered widespread exacerbated by structural factors such building layout COVID-19 pandemic. Resolving issue amicably challenging due absence regulations reluctance stir up conflict neighbours. While took measures reduce these described ineffective other participants. Smokers appeared have contrasting views what it means socially responsible manner. Conclusion Given there case for stronger interventions, settings where more difficult avoid.

Language: Английский

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A qualitative study on the influence of COVID-19 on smoking behaviors through changing social and physical contexts

Health Education Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(5), P. 445 - 457

Published: July 25, 2023

Abstract Globally, COVID-19 has been a major societal stressor and disrupted social physical environments for many. Elucidating mechanisms through which disruptions influence smoking behavior implications future tobacco control efforts. Qualitative interviews were conducted among 38 adults who smoked combustible cigarettes in 2020 2021. The majority women (75.7%), identified as Black (56.8%), employed (61.3%), had smoke-free home (66.7%) lived small metro or rural (79.0%) county, primarily southwest Georgia. Participants reported more time at home, increased isolation less socializing, changed work financial situations altered household family contexts. vast of participants some point during the pandemic with about half these continuing to smoke interview. More multiple sources stress boredom main reasons smoking. Decreases attributed strain, rules nonsmoking members, concerns socializing friends smoke. Future efforts stressors such pandemics should take into account specific psychosocial environmental influences attempts minimize negative changes patterns.

Language: Английский

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Changes in Cigarette Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Use During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Lockdown Period Among Youth and Young Adults in Denmark

Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 298 - 308

Published: Aug. 24, 2022

Abstract Introduction Cigarettes and smokeless tobacco (snus nicotine pouches) are prevalent among youth young adults in Denmark. Here, we examined the extent of changes use cigarettes during first Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown March April 2020 Denmark as well reasons for changed behavior. Aims Methods This study used data from a nationwide survey conducted 15- to 29-year-olds January 2021 including 13 530 respondents (response rate = 36.0%). Logistic regression analyses assessed associations between sociodemographic characteristics odds initiating or increasing trying stop decreasing cigarette smoking use. Results The prevalence was 17.8% 10.5% reported using tobacco. Around 40% those currently smoke on par COVID-19 before, 24.5% started increased their smoking, 27.4% tried smoked less. Approximately 37% same level as, before lockdown, 38.8% initiated more, 14.1% Females were more prone initiate increase younger participants More females compared with males behaviors because mood, did so fewer social gatherings. Conclusion Although most youths adults’ remained many also decreased behaviors—especially participants. Implications enables possibility detecting new tendencies subgroups population lockdown. knowledge is crucial identifying which groups vulnerable other pandemic situations call special attention after period. Future efforts may focus affected by pandemic, such females, there need monitor closely whether society becomes normalized.

Language: Английский

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How Does the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect People’s Willingness to Pay for Health in the Short and Long Term? A Longitudinal Study during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic in China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 1568 - 1568

Published: Jan. 29, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a substantial threat to people's lives and aroused health concerns. This study aims at exploring the following questions. First, how does affect willingness pay for (WPH) in short long term? Second, what is psychological mechanism underlying such an effect? Finally, are boundary conditions this To answer these questions, we conducted three longitudinal surveys. first survey was launched February 2020-the time of most serious outbreak China. Data were obtained from 1548 participants through questionnaires on online platform. sample covered 297 prefecture-level cities 31 provincial administrative regions. Subsequently, two follow-up surveys August 2020 July 2021. samples randomly selected survey. findings showed that promoted WPH period. fear death self-esteem mediated moderated effect, respectively. Moreover, effect persisted six months after had been brought under control (August 2020). However, disappeared year half (July 2021). These results indicate sustained term but not term.

Language: Английский

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