The effects of COVID-19 on cognitive performance in a community-based cohort: A COVID Symptom Study Biobank observational study DOI Creative Commons
Nathan J. Cheetham, Rose Penfold, Valentina Giunchiglia

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 19, 2023

Abstract Background Cognitive impairment has been reported after many types of infection, including SARS-CoV-2. Whether deficits following SARS-CoV-2 improve over time is unclear. Studies to date have focused on hospitalised individuals with up a year follow-up. The presence, magnitude, persistence and correlations effects in community-based cases remain relatively unexplored. Methods performance (working memory, attention, reasoning, motor control) was assessed participants voluntary biobank July, 2021 (Round 1), April, 2022 2). Participants, drawn from the COVID Symptom Study smartphone app, comprised without infection varying symptom duration. Effects COVID-19 exposures cognitive accuracy reaction scores were estimated using multivariable ordinary least squares linear regression models weighted for inverse probability participation, adjusting potential confounders mediators. role ongoing symptoms examined stratifying self-perceived recovery. Longitudinal analysis change between rounds. Findings 3335 completed Round 1, whom 1768 also 2. At previous positive tests had lower (N = 1737, β −0.14 standard deviations, SDs) than negative controls. Deficits largest ≥ 12 weeks 495, −0.22 SDs). comparable hospital presentation during illness 281, −0.31 SDs), 10 years age difference (60-70 vs. 50-60 years, −0.21 whole study population. Stratification by self-reported recovery revealed that only detectable who did not feel recovered COVID-19, whereas full showed no deficits. evidence time, suggesting affected persisted at almost 2 since initial infection. Interpretation nearly two post longer durations, symptoms, and/or more severe However, such detected COVID-19. Further work needed monitor develop understanding mechanisms those symptoms. Funding Chronic Disease Research Foundation, Wellcome Trust, National Institute Health Care Research, Medical Council, British Heart Alzheimer’s Society, European Union, Driver Relief Fund, French Agency. context Evidence before this Abstracts screened PubMed search query (COVID-19) AND (long COVID) (cognitive impairment), which returned 409 results 2020 January 20, 2023. Multiple systematic reviews meta-analyses consistent observation Most studies used small samples less 200 (including any controls), cohorts, measured through self-report or dichotomised quantitative scales. Only one found sample size 1,000 individuals, included controls across both community settings, objective testing allowed estimation scale impairment. Previous limited insofar as focusing earlier infections first pandemic, prior introduction vaccination emerging variants. longitudinal follow-up long low rates long-term Added value We report quantitatively large dataset 4,000 test-confirmed range associated mostly cases. Importantly, we undertook rounds allowing tracking performance. Our methods us variants emerged 2022, previously studied cognition. Implications all available This adds existing but finds important exceptions. mid-2021, are feeling even longest In mid-2022, find appear persistent smaller studies. More research required experiencing understand underlying

Language: Английский

Cognition and Memory after Covid-19 in a Large Community Sample DOI Open Access
Adam Hampshire, Adriana Azor, Christina Atchison

et al.

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 390(9), P. 806 - 818

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

BackgroundCognitive symptoms after coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), the caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are well-recognized. Whether objectively measurable cognitive deficits exist and how long they persist unclear.MethodsWe invited 800,000 adults in a study England to complete an online assessment of function. We estimated global score across eight tasks. hypothesized that participants with persistent (lasting ≥12 weeks) infection onset would have impairments executive functioning memory be observed such participants, especially those who reported recent poor or difficulty thinking concentrating ("brain fog").ResultsOf 141,583 started assessment, 112,964 completed it. In multiple regression analysis, had recovered from Covid-19 whom resolved less than 4 weeks at least 12 similar small cognition as compared no–Covid-19 group, not been infected SARS-CoV-2 unconfirmed (−0.23 SD [95% confidence interval {CI}, −0.33 −0.13] −0.24 CI, −0.36 −0.12], respectively); larger group were seen unresolved (−0.42 SD; 95% −0.53 −0.31). Larger during periods which original virus B.1.1.7 variant was predominant later variants (e.g., −0.17 for vs. B.1.1.529 variant; −0.20 −0.13) hospitalized intensive care unit admission, −0.35 −0.49 −0.20). Results analyses propensity-score–matching analyses. comparison memory, reasoning, function tasks associated largest (−0.33 SD); these correlated weakly symptoms, including brain fog. No adverse events reported.ConclusionsParticipants measured shorter-duration although short-duration still recovery. Longer-term persistence any clinical implications remain uncertain. (Funded National Institute Health Care Research others.)

Language: Английский

Citations

105
The effects of COVID-19 on cognitive performance in a community-based cohort: a COVID symptom study biobank prospective cohort study DOI Creative Commons
Nathan J. Cheetham, Rose Penfold, Valentina Giunchiglia

et al.

EClinicalMedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62, P. 102086 - 102086

Published: July 21, 2023

Cognitive impairment has been reported after many types of infection, including SARS-CoV-2. Whether deficits following SARS-CoV-2 improve over time is unclear. Studies to date have focused on hospitalised individuals with up a year follow-up. The presence, magnitude, persistence and correlations effects in community-based cases remain relatively unexplored.

Language: Английский

Citations

63
Association between virus variants, vaccination, previous infections, and post-COVID-19 risk DOI Creative Commons
Sophie Diexer, Bianca Klee, Cornelia Gottschick

et al.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 136, P. 14 - 21

Published: Aug. 26, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

40
The Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Cognitive Functioning of Patients with Pre-Existing Dementia DOI Creative Commons
Souvik Dubey, Shambaditya Das, Ritwik Ghosh

et al.

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 119 - 128

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Background: Cognitive postscripts of COVID-19, codenamed as ‘cognitive COVID’ or ‘brain fog,’ characterized by multidomain cognitive impairments, are now being reckoned the most devastating sequelae COVID-19. However, impact on already demented brain has not been studied. Objective: We aimed to assess functioning and neuroimaging following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with pre-existing dementia. Methods: Fourteen COVID-19 survivors dementia (four Alzheimer’s disease, five vascular dementia, three Parkinson’s disease two behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia) were recruited. All these had detailed evaluations within months before suffering from one year later. Results: Of 14 patients, ten required hospitalization. developed increased white matter hyperintensities that mimicked multiple sclerosis small vessel disease. There was a significant increase fatigue ( p = 0.001) depression 0.016) scores The mean Frontal Assessment Battery (p < Addenbrooke’s Examination also significantly worsened. Conclusion: rapid progression addition further impairments/deterioration abilities, new appearance lesion burden suggest previously compromised brains have little defense withstand insult (i.e., ‘second hit’ like infection/dysregulated immune response, inflammation). ‘Brain fog’ is an ambiguous terminology without specific attribution spectrum post-COVID-19 sequelae. propose codename, i.e. ‘FADE-IN MEMORY’ Fatigue, decreased Fluency, Attention deficit, Depression, Executive dysfunction, slowed INformation processing speed, subcortical MEMORY impairment).

Language: Английский

Citations

37
Cognitive dysfunction after covid-19 DOI Creative Commons
Emma Ladds, Julie Darbyshire, Nawar Diar Bakerly

et al.

BMJ, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e075387 - e075387

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Long COVID: A Mixed Method Systematic Review DOI Open Access
Nawar Diar Bakerly,

Nikki Smith,

Julie Darbyshire

et al.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 473 - 473

Published: April 12, 2024

Introduction: Long COVID (LC) is a global public health crisis affecting more than 70 million people. There emerging evidence of different pathophysiological mechanisms driving the wide array symptoms in LC. Understanding relationships between and helps guiding clinical management identifying potential treatment targets. Methods: This was mixed-methods systematic review with two stages: Stage one (Review 1) included only existing reviews (meta-review) 2) all primary studies. The search strategy involved Medline, Embase, Emcare, CINAHL databases to identify studies that described statistical analysis and/or discussion plausible causal symptoms. Only control arm for comparison were included. Studies assessed quality using National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute assessment tools. Results: 19 Review 1 46 2. Overall, reporting across this second moderate poor. strong immune system dysregulation, cerebral hypoperfusion, impaired gas transfer lungs. Other weak endothelial damage hypercoagulation, mast cell activation, auto-immunity vascular receptors. Conclusions: LC complex condition multiple organs diverse presentations (or traits) underpinned by mechanisms. A ‘treatable trait’ approach may help certain groups target specific interventions. Future research must include understanding response intervention based on these mechanism-based traits.

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Brain Fog: a Narrative Review of the Most Common Mysterious Cognitive Disorder in COVID-19 DOI
Mahsa Aghajani Mir

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 61(12), P. 9915 - 9926

Published: Oct. 24, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

22
Definitions and symptoms of the post-COVID syndrome: an updated systematic umbrella review DOI Creative Commons
Julian Gutzeit, Mark A. Weiss, Carolin Nürnberger

et al.

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 25, 2024

Abstract Post-COVID syndrome (PCS) describes a persistent complex of symptoms following COVID-19 episode, lasting at least 4 to 12 weeks, depending on the specific criteria used for its definition. It is often associated with moderate severe impairments daily life and represents major burden many people worldwide. However, especially during first two years pandemic, therapeutic diagnostic uncertainties were prominent due novelty disease non-specific definitions that overlooked functional deficits lacked objective assessment. The present work comprehensively examines status PCS as depicted in recent reviews meta-analyses, alongside exploring impairments. We searched database Pubmed meta-analysis evaluating period between May 31, 2022, December 2023. Out 95 studies, 33 selected inclusion our analyses. Furthermore, we extended upon prior research by systematically recording linked identified studies. found fatigue, neurological complaints, exercise intolerance most frequently reported symptoms. In conclusion, over past eighteen months, there has been notable increase quantity quality studies PCS. still remains clear need improvement, particularly regard definition necessary diagnosing this syndrome. Enhancing aspect will render future more comparable precise, thereby advancing understanding

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Scientific Rationale for the Treatment of Cognitive Deficits from Long COVID DOI Creative Commons

Arman Fesharaki Zadeh,

Amy F.T. Arnsten, Min Wang

et al.

Neurology International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 725 - 742

Published: May 31, 2023

Sustained cognitive deficits are a common and debilitating feature of “long COVID”, but currently there no FDA-approved treatments. The functions the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) most consistently afflicted by long COVID, including in working memory, motivation, executive functioning. COVID-19 infection greatly increases kynurenic acid (KYNA) glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) brain, both which can be particularly deleterious to PFC function. KYNA blocks NMDA nicotinic-alpha-7 receptors, two receptors required for dlPFC neurotransmission, GCPII reduces mGluR3 regulation cAMP-calcium-potassium channel signaling, weakens network connectivity neuronal firing. Two agents approved other indications may helpful restoring physiology: antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine inhibits production KYNA, α2A-adrenoceptor agonist guanfacine regulates signaling is also anti-inflammatory. Thus, these treating symptoms COVID.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Cognitive Aspects of COVID-19 DOI

Ezekiel Gonzalez‐Fernandez,

Juebin Huang

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(9), P. 531 - 538

Published: July 25, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

13