The Chemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Revisited: Outlining Their Role in Biological Macromolecules (DNA, Lipids and Proteins) and Induced Pathologies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(9), P. 4642 - 4642

Published: April 28, 2021

Living species are continuously subjected to all extrinsic forms of reactive oxidants and others that produced endogenously. There is extensive literature on the generation effects oxygen (ROS) in biological processes, both terms alteration their role cellular signaling regulatory pathways. Cells produce ROS as a controlled physiological process, but increasing becomes pathological leads oxidative stress disease. The induction an imbalance between production radical antioxidant defense systems, which can cause damage biomolecules, including lipids, proteins DNA. Cellular biochemical experiments have been complemented various ways explain chemistry oxidants. However, it often unclear how this translates into chemical reactions involving redox changes. This review addresses question includes robust mechanistic explanation stress.

Language: Английский

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Metabolism pathways of arachidonic acids: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Feb. 26, 2021

Abstract The arachidonic acid (AA) pathway plays a key role in cardiovascular biology, carcinogenesis, and many inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, arthritis, etc. Esterified AA on the inner surface of cell membrane is hydrolyzed to its free form by phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which turn further metabolized cyclooxygenases (COXs) lipoxygenases (LOXs) cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes spectrum bioactive mediators that includes prostanoids, leukotrienes (LTs), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic (diHETEs), eicosatetraenoic (ETEs), lipoxins (LXs). Many latter are considered be novel preventive therapeutic targets for diseases (CVD), cancers, diseases. This review sets out summarize physiological pathophysiological importance metabolizing pathways outline molecular mechanisms underlying actions related three main metabolic CVD cancer progression will provide valuable insight developing new drugs anti-cancer agents inhibitors EETs or 2J2. Thus, we herein present synopsis metabolism human health, signaling involved these processes. To explore potential therapies, also introduce current newly clinical studies targeting metabolisms different disease conditions.

Language: Английский

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Dietary linoleic acid and human health: Focus on cardiovascular and cardiometabolic effects

Atherosclerosis, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 292, P. 90 - 98

Published: Nov. 15, 2019

Language: Английский

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Curcumin and cardiovascular diseases: Focus on cellular targets and cascades

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 136, P. 111214 - 111214

Published: Jan. 13, 2021

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes most considerable mortality globally, and it has been tried to find molecular mechanisms design new drugs that triggered target. Curcumin is main ingredient Curcuma longa (turmeric) used in traditional medicine for treating several years. Numerous investigations have indicated beneficial effect modulating multiple signaling pathways involved oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, proliferation. The cardiovascular protective effects against CVDs studies. In current review study, we provided novel information on Curcumin's various potential targets Curcumin. Nonetheless, more studies should be performed discover exact target CVDs.

Language: Английский

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Futuristic food fortification with a balanced ratio of dietary ω-3/ω-6 omega fatty acids for the prevention of lifestyle diseases

Trends in Food Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 120, P. 140 - 153

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

Over the last three decades, consumption of total and saturated fat has steadily declined in Western diets as a proportion calories intake. At same time, omega (ω)-6 fatty acid intake risen at expense ω-3 acids, resulting an ω-6/ω-3 ratio 20:1 or higher. The observed changes acids coincide with significantly increased prevalence coronary heart disease, hypertension, cancer, diabetes, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune neurodegenerative disorders. low may be attributed to their absence from diet lack awareness about suitable dietary sources. A sustainable cost-effective way reaching large population essential is fortification staple foods. variety food items enriched have entered market recent years, including beef, fish, dairy products, cereals, cereal bars, infant formula. present review discusses role ω-6 well ratio, on human health. Additionally, it focuses latest developments regarding sources, innovative technologies, challenges acids.

Language: Английский

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Role of Inflammatory Processes in Hemorrhagic Stroke

Stroke, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 54(2), P. 605 - 619

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Hemorrhagic stroke is the deadliest form of and includes subtypes intracerebral hemorrhage subarachnoid hemorrhage. A common cause hemorrhagic in older individuals cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Intracerebral both lead to rapid collection blood central nervous system generate inflammatory immune responses that involve brain resident infiltrating cells. These are complex can contribute tissue recovery injury. Despite interconnectedness these major stroke, few reviews have discussed them collectively. The present review provides an update on processes occur response hemorrhage, role inflammation pathophysiology angiopathy-related goal highlight underlie disease pathology recovery. We aim discuss recent advances our understanding conditions identify gaps knowledge with potential develop effective therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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GPCR drug discovery: new agents, targets and indications

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Short Overview on the Relevance of Fatty Acids for Human Cardiovascular Disorders

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 1127 - 1127

Published: July 30, 2020

This review presents existing evidence of the influence saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Data are discussed regarding roles most relevant acids, such as myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), α-linolenic (C18:3, ω-3), γ-linolenic ω-6), arachidonic (C20:4), eicosapentaenoic (C20:5), docosahexaenoic (C22:6), docosapentaenoic (C22:5) acid. The accumulated knowledge has expanded understanding involvement in metabolic processes, thereby enabling transition from basic exploratory studies to practical issues application these biomolecules CVD treatment. In future, findings expected facilitate interpretation prognosis changes lipid aberrations CVD.

Language: Английский

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The eicosapentaenoic acid:arachidonic acid ratio and its clinical utility in cardiovascular disease

Postgraduate Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 131(4), P. 268 - 277

Published: May 7, 2019

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a key anti-inflammatory/anti-aggregatory long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid. Conversely, the omega-6 acid, arachidonic (AA) precursor to number of pro-inflammatory/pro-aggregatory mediators. EPA acts competitively with AA for cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes form less inflammatory products. As result, EPA:AA ratio may be marker chronic inflammation, lower corresponding higher levels inflammation. It now well established that inflammation plays an important role in cardiovascular disease. This review examines as disease relationship between changes (mediated by intake) risk. Epidemiological studies have shown associated increased risk coronary artery disease, acute syndrome, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, peripheral vascular Increasing through treatment purified has been clinical effective primary secondary prevention reduces events following percutaneous intervention. The valuable predictor Results from ongoing trials will help define thresholds better outcomes.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Arachidonic and Linoleic Acid Derivatives in Pathological Pregnancies and the Human Reproduction Process

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(24), P. 9628 - 9628

Published: Dec. 17, 2020

The aim of the available literature review was to focus on role proinflammatory mediators AA and LA derivatives in pathological conditions related reproduction pregnancy. Arachidonic (AA) linoleic acid (LA) play important roles human fertility course pregnancies. Recent studies have demonstrated that uncontrolled inflammation has a significant impact reproduction, spermatogenesis, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) genesis, implantation, pregnancy labor. In addition, cyclooxygenase-mediated prostaglandins metabolite levels are higher women’s ovarian tissue when suffering from PCOS. It been abnormal cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) associated with ovulation failure, infertility, implantation disorders increase 9-HODE/13-HODE feature recognized PCOS patients. Maintaining without neutrophil participation allows pregnant women tolerate fetus, while excessive inflammatory activation may lead miscarriages other complications Additionally an pathologies, e.g., gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth, among others. pathogenesis PE states involving eicosanoids not fully identified. A expression 15-LOX-1,2 found PE, leading synthesis derivatives, such as hydroxyeicozatetraenoic acids (HETE) hydroxyoctadecadiene (HODE). Synthesis metabolites 5-, 8-, 12-, 15-HETE increased placenta, 20-HETE only umbilical cord blood compared normal obese mellitus (GDM) epoxygenase products cytochrome P450 (CYP) level occurrence insulin resistance (IR) were found. 12- arterial vasoconstriction epoxyeicosatrienoic (EETs) vasodilatation uterine relaxation. Furthermore, 5- premature By analyzing influence free fatty (FFA) their male it semen reduces its amount ratio omega-6 omega-3 showed values infertile men fertile control group. There several HETE/HODE relation fertility. 15-Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic affect integrity membrane sperm function. Moreover, incubation physiologically low (PGE2/PGF2α) improves functionality sperm. Undoubtedly, these problems still insufficiently understood require further research. However, HETE HODE could serve predictive diagnostic biomarkers for pathologies (especially risk factors overweight obesity). Such knowledge be helpful finding new treatment strategies infertility high-risk

Language: Английский

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