Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Aug. 10, 2023
Diabetes
is
a
significant
chronic
endocrine/metabolism
disorder
that
can
result
in
number
of
life-threatening
consequences.
According
to
research,
the
gut
microbiota
strongly
linked
development
diabetes,
making
it
viable
target
for
diabetes
treatment.
The
intestinal
affects
barrier
function,
organism
immunity,
and
thus
glucose
metabolism
lipid
metabolism.
disruption
causes
decrease
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs),
alters
bile
(BAs),
branched-chain
amino
(BCAAs),
lipopolysaccharide
(LPS),
endotoxin
secretion,
resulting
insulin
resistance,
inflammation,
progression
type
2
mellitus
(T2DM).
Astragali
Radix
medicinal
herb
same
genus
as
food
has
been
extensively
researched
treating
with
promising
results
recent
years.
Polysaccharides,
saponins,
flavonoids,
other
components
are
important.
Among
them,
Astragaloside
role
protecting
cellular
integrity
pancreas
liver,
leading
alleviation
resistance
reducing
blood
triglyceride
(TC)
levels;
primary
impact
Astragalus
polysaccharides
(APS)
on
encouragement
islet
cell
proliferation,
suppression
β
death;
flavonoids
known
enhance
anti-inflammatory,
regulate
control
diabetes.
This
study
summarizes
studies
its
group
formulations
treatment
by
modulating
microbiota.
Antibiotics,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
9(2), P. 45 - 45
Published: Jan. 26, 2020
The
prevalence
of
fungal
infections
is
growing
at
an
alarming
pace
and
the
pathogenesis
still
not
clearly
understood.
Recurrence
these
diseases
often
due
to
their
evolutionary
avoidance
antifungal
resistance.
development
suitable
novel
antimicrobial
agents
for
continues
be
a
major
problem
in
current
clinical
field.
Hence,
it
urgently
necessary
develop
surrogate
that
are
more
effective
than
conventional
available
drugs.
Among
remarkable
innovations
from
earlier
investigations
on
natural-drugs,
flavonoids
group
plant-derived
substances
capable
promoting
many
valuable
effects
humans.
identification
with
possible
small
concentrations
or
synergistic
combinations
could
help
overcome
this
problem.
A
combination
drugs
excellent
approach
reduce
side
toxicity.
This
review
focuses
various
naturally
occurring
activities,
modes
action,
synergetic
use
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
63(33), P. 12073 - 12088
Published: July 12, 2022
Firmicutes
and
Bacteroidetes
are
the
predominant
bacterial
phyla
colonizing
healthy
human
gut.
Accumulating
evidence
suggests
that
dietary
fiber
plays
a
crucial
role
in
host
health,
yet
most
studies
have
focused
on
how
affects
health
through
gut
Bacteroides.
More
recently,
been
found
to
possess
many
genes
responsible
for
fermenting
fiber,
could
also
interact
with
intestinal
mucosa
thereby
contribute
homeostasis.
Consequently,
relationship
between
is
of
interest,
as
well
health.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
current
knowledge
regarding
molecular
mechanism
degradation
by
explain
communication
pathway
fiber-Firmicutes-host
axis,
beneficial
effects
fiber-induced
their
metabolites
A
better
understanding
dialogue
sustained
fiber-Firmicutes
axis
provide
new
insights
into
probiotic
therapy
novel
interventions
aimed
at
increasing
abundance
(such
Faecalibacterium,
Lactobacillus,
Roseburia)
promote
health.Dietary
exhibit
relevant
health-promoting
functions.Most
great
effect
Firmicutes.Mechanisms
uptake
outlined.Mechanisms
fiber-
Firmicutes-host
interactions
require
more
investigation
development
food
production
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: Jan. 17, 2020
Type
2
diabetes
is
a
common
metabolic
disorder
related
to
insulin
resistance,
or
deficiency
of
secretion,
caused
by
decreased
sensitivity
and
destruction
islet
structure
function.
As
the
second
human
genome,
microbiota
has
been
observed
have
growing
relationship
with
in
recent
years.
Microbiota
imbalance
hypothesized
be
involved
regulation
energy
metabolism
inflammatory
immune
response
diabetes.
The
present
study
aimed
investigate
whether
fecal
transplantation
(FMT)
could
alleviate
symptoms
associated
type
To
this
end,
mouse
model
was
first
established
through
consumption
high-fat
diet
combined
streptozotocin
(100
mg/kg),
FMT
used
rebuild
gut
diabetic
mice.
Fasting
blood
glucose,
oral
glucose
tolerance
tests,
HbA1c
levels
were
monitored,
while
hypoglycemic
effects
also
observed.
Insulin
tested
ELISA
indexes
such
as
HOMA-IR,
HOMA-IS,
HOMA-β
calculated.
We
found
that
resistance
pancreatic
β-cells
improved
after
treatment.
Meanwhile,
markers
inflammation
tissue
detected
immunohistochemistry,
which
indicated
following
Furthermore,
flow
cytometry
western
blot
results
revealed
inhibited
β-cell
apoptosis.
Here,
effect
on
hypoglycemia
addressed
improving
repairing
impaired
islets,
thereby
providing
potential
treatment
strategy
for
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
12(12), P. 3719 - 3719
Published: Dec. 2, 2020
Type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
remains
one
of
the
most
problematic
and
economic
consumer
disorders
worldwide,
with
growing
prevalence
incidence.
Over
last
years,
substantial
research
has
highlighted
intricate
relationship
among
gut
microbiota,
dysbiosis
metabolic
syndromes
development.
Changes
in
microbiome
composition
lead
to
an
imbalanced
gastrointestinal
habitat
which
promotes
abnormal
production
metabolites,
inflammatory
status,
glucose
metabolism
alteration
even
insulin
resistance
(IR).
Short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs),
trimethylamine
N-oxide
(TMAO),
lipopolysaccharide,
aromatic
amino
their
affiliated
contribute
T2DM
via
different
immunologic
pathways.
In
this
narrative
review,
we
discuss
immunopathogenic
mechanism
behind
dysbiosis,
development
major
known
diabetic
microvascular
complications
(retinopathy,
neuropathy
nephropathy),
beneficial
use
pre-
pro-biotics
fecal
microbiota
transplantation
management
new
findings
future
perspectives
field.
Antibiotics,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
8(4), P. 257 - 257
Published: Dec. 9, 2019
Traditional
medicinal
plants
have
been
cultivated
to
treat
various
human
illnesses
and
avert
numerous
infectious
diseases.
They
display
an
extensive
range
of
beneficial
pharmacological
health
effects
for
humans.
These
generally
synthesize
a
diverse
bioactive
compounds
which
established
be
potent
antimicrobial
agents
against
wide
pathogenic
organisms.
Various
research
studies
demonstrated
the
activity
traditional
scientifically
or
experimentally
measured
with
reports
on
microorganisms
resistant
antimicrobials.
The
their
arising
from
several
functional
activities
may
capable
inhibiting
virulence
factors
as
well
targeting
microbial
cells.
Some
derived
manifest
ability
reverse
antibiotic
resistance
improve
synergetic
action
current
agents.
Therefore,
advancement
bioactive-based
can
auspicious
method
treating
antibiotic-resistant
infections.
This
review
considers
molecular
roles
compounds,
focusing
typically
clinically
important
pathogens.
Immune Network,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
20(2)
Published: Jan. 1, 2020
An
excessive
hyperinflammatory
response-caused
septic
shock
is
a
major
medical
problem
that
associated
with
pathogenic
bacterial
infections
leading
to
high
mortality
rates.The
intestinal
microbiota
and
the
elaborated
metabolites
such
as
short
chain
fatty
acid
butyrate
have
been
shown
relieve
bacterial-caused
acute
inflammation.Butyrate
can
down-regulate
inflammation
by
inhibiting
growth
of
pathobionts,
increasing
mucosal
barrier
integrity,
encouraging
obligate
anaerobic
dominance
decreasing
oxygen
availability
in
gut.Butyrate
also
decrease
through
modulation
immune
cells
functionalities
M2
macrophages
regulatory
T
infiltration
neutrophils.Therefore,
various
approaches
be
used
increase
hyperinflammation.In
this
review
we
summarize
roles
attenuating
responses
discuss
plausible
mechanisms.
Obesity Reviews,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(10)
Published: July 20, 2022
Summary
Evidence
is
increasing
that
disturbances
in
the
gut
microbiome
may
play
a
significant
role
etiology
of
obesity
and
type
2
diabetes.
The
short
chain
fatty
acid
butyrate,
major
end
product
bacterial
fermentation
indigestible
carbohydrates,
reputed
to
have
anti‐inflammatory
properties
positive
effects
on
body
weight
control
insulin
sensitivity.
However,
whether
butyrate
has
therapeutic
potential
for
treatment
prevention
obesity‐related
complications
remains
be
elucidated.
Overall,
animal
studies
strongly
indicate
administered
via
various
routes
(e.g.,
orally)
positively
affects
adipose
tissue
metabolism
functioning,
energy
substrate
metabolism,
systemic
tissue‐specific
inflammation,
sensitivity
control.
A
limited
number
human
demonstrated
interindividual
differences
clinical
effectiveness
suggesting
outcomes
depend
metabolic,
microbial,
lifestyle‐related
characteristics
target
population.
Hence,
despite
abundant
evidence
from
data,
support
data
urgently
required
implementation
evidence‐based
oral
gut‐derived
interventions.
To
increase
efficacy
butyrate‐focused
interventions,
future
research
should
investigate
which
factors
impact
including
baseline
microbial
activity
functionality,
thereby
optimizing
targeted‐interventions
identifying
individuals
merit
most
such
Viruses,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(1), P. 175 - 175
Published: Jan. 7, 2023
The
clinical
course
and
outcome
of
COVID-19
are
highly
variable,
ranging
from
asymptomatic
infections
to
severe
disease
death.
Understanding
the
risk
factors
is
relevant
both
in
setting
at
epidemiological
level.
Here,
we
provide
an
overview
host,
viral
environmental
that
have
been
shown
or
(in
some
cases)
hypothesized
be
associated
with
outcomes.
considered
detail
include
age
frailty,
genetic
polymorphisms,
biological
sex
(and
pregnancy),
co-
superinfections,
non-communicable
comorbidities,
immunological
history,
microbiota,
lifestyle
patient;
variation
infecting
dose;
socioeconomic
factors;
air
pollution.
For
each
category,
compile
(sometimes
conflicting)
evidence
for
association
factor
outcomes
(including
strength
effect)
outline
possible
action
mechanisms.
We
also
discuss
complex
interactions
between
various
factors.