Relationships between hyperinsulinaemia, magnesium, vitamin D, thrombosis and COVID-19: rationale for clinical management

Open Heart, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7(2), P. e001356 - e001356

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Risk factors for COVID-19 patients with poorer outcomes include pre-existing conditions: obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), heart failure, hypertension, low oxygen saturation capacity, cancer, elevated: ferritin, C reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer. A common denominator, hyperinsulinaemia, provides a plausible mechanism of action, underlying CVD, hypertension strokes, all conditions typified thrombi. The science theoretical management algorithm the frontline practitioners. Vitamin D activation requires magnesium. Hyperinsulinaemia promotes: magnesium depletion via increased renal excretion, reduced intracellular levels, lowers vitamin status sequestration into adipocytes hydroxylation inhibition. mediates thrombi development via: fibrinolysis inhibition, anticoagulation production dysregulation, increasing species, decreased antioxidant capacity nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide depletion, haem oxidation catabolism, producing carbon monoxide, deep vein thrombosis risk pulmonary emboli. Increased haem-synthesis demand upregulates dioxide production, decreasing capacity. decreases cholesterol sulfurylation to sulfate, as regulation due and/or diminished sulfotransferase enzyme SULT2B1b activity, consequently plasma membrane negative charge between red blood cells, platelets endothelial thus agglutination thrombosis. Patients admitted hyperglycaemia hyperinsulinaemia should be placed on restricted refined carbohydrate diet, limited use intravenous dextrose solutions. Degree/level restriction is determined by serial testing glucose, insulin ketones. Supplemental magnesium, zinc administered. By implementing restriction, three primary factors, that increase inflammation, coagulation are rapidly managed.

Language: Английский

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Nutrition in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Present Knowledge and Remaining Challenges

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 2748 - 2748

Published: Aug. 10, 2021

Unhealthy behaviours, including diet and physical activity, coupled with genetic predisposition, drive type 2 diabetes (T2D) occurrence severity; the present review aims to summarise most recent nutritional approaches in T2D, outlining unmet needs. Guidelines consistently suggest reducing energy intake counteract obesity epidemic, frequently resulting sarcopenic obesity, a condition associated poorer metabolic control cardiovascular disease. Various dietary have been proposed largely similar results, preference for Mediterranean best practice being that patients feel confident of maintaining long term based on individual preferences. Patient adherence is indeed pivotal factor weight loss long-term maintenance, requiring intensive lifestyle intervention. The consumption supplements continues increase even if international societies do not support their systematic use. Inositols vitamin D supplementation, as well micronutrients (zinc, chromium, magnesium) pre/probiotics, result modest improvement insulin sensitivity, but use systematically suggested. To reach desired goals, should be actively involved collaborative development personalised meal plan habitual aiming at normal body control.

Language: Английский

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Magnesium Matters: A Comprehensive Review of Its Vital Role in Health and Diseases

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 13, 2024

Magnesium (Mg), an essential mineral abundantly present within the human body, is intricately involved in a multitude of biochemical processes vital for maintaining health and overall well-being. This review aims to delve into multifaceted impact Mg on health, exploring its physiological functions, dietary sources, potential implications deficiency or insufficiency. plays pivotal role various processes, including energy metabolism, muscle contraction, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis. It acts as cofactor more than 300 enzymatic reactions, facilitating conversion adenosine triphosphate (ATP) diphosphate (ADP) production. Moreover, proper functioning ion channels, particularly calcium influencing nerve transmission relaxation. naturally found wide array foods, with green leafy vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, legumes being rich sources. Additionally, certain fortified foods supplements provide supplemental intake. Deficiency insufficiency mg can have profound health. Inadequate levels been associated increased risks chronic diseases, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, may manifest symptoms such weakness, fatigue, tremors, irregular heartbeat. Numerous studies elucidated relationship between intake risk developing For instance, epidemiological evidence suggests that higher reduced possibly due vasodilatory effects influence blood pressure regulation mechanisms. Similarly, has implicated pathophysiology contributing insulin resistance impaired glucose metabolism. adequate crucial bone density reducing mineralization Understanding importance physiology underscores significance ensuring through diet supplementation. Healthcare professionals play critical educating individuals about incorporating mg-rich their diets considering supplementation when necessary, at those indispensable far-reaching Its involvement Ensuring preventing deficiency-related complications Further research warranted elucidate optimal strategies therapeutic applications disease prevention management.

Language: Английский

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Minerals and the Menstrual Cycle: Impacts on Ovulation and Endometrial Health

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 1008 - 1008

Published: March 29, 2024

The role of minerals in female fertility, particularly relation to the menstrual cycle, presents a complex area study that underscores interplay between nutrition and reproductive health. This narrative review aims elucidate impacts on key aspects system: hormonal regulation, ovarian function ovulation, endometrial health, oxidative stress. Despite attention given specific micronutrients disorders, there is noticeable absence comprehensive focusing impact throughout cycle fertility. address this gap by examining influence Each mineral’s contribution explored detail provide clearer picture its importance supporting analysis not only enhances our knowledge health but also offers clinicians valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies recommended intake promote well-being, considering cycle. stands as first offer such detailed examination context aiming elevate understanding their critical fertility

Language: Английский

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Ionized and total magnesium levels and health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Magnesium (Mg) is a vital trace element in cellular processes, including glucose metabolism and insulin action. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dysmagnesemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) its relationship glycaemic control diabetic complications. A cross-sectional was conducted at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) from August 1, 2023, April 30, 2024. The included adult T2DM treated oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), insulin, glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) injections or their combinations. Both ionized (iMg) total (tMg) concentrations were measured iMg/tMg ratio calculated. 329 which179 females (54.4%), studied. Hypomagnesemia observed 10.0% based on iMg 56.2% tMg concentrations, while hypermagnesemia 11.85% 1.82% (tMg). positive correlation found between (r = 0.589, p < 0.01). Hypermagnesemia associated higher serum creatinine (p 0.01) lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 0.026). An above 80% elevated HbA1c levels, ratios below 60% retinopathy hypertension. Dysmagnesemia common T2DM. presence could be further studied as potential marker for glycemic control.

Language: Английский

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Investigation of the medicinal significance of phytic acid as an indispensable anti-nutrient in diseases

Clinical Nutrition Experimental, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 28, P. 42 - 61

Published: Nov. 3, 2019

Background & aimsInadequate knowledge and intake of a balance diet is contributing factor micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. Phytic acid contributes inhibiting the bioavailability some micronutrients. In spite anti-nutritional effect phytic acid, it known to exhibit medicinal effects. This study investigated significance as an indispensable anti-nutrient diseases.MethodsRelevant scientific literatures from major databases such Pubmed, Medline Google Scholar. The keywords searched reviewed this were anti-nutrients, minerals, diseases plants.ResultsThe published peer showed that though anti-nutrient, plays role directly or indirectly several disease conditions. It exhibits antioxidant function, property qualifies possess multiple values like: anti-diabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory properties mention few. Its chelating affects absorption toxicities associated with essential nonessential heavy metals, scenario could prevent neurodegenerative Alzheimer's, Parkinson other related diseases.ConclusionThe outweighed its negative impact. Hence, there critical need for countries improve on dietary pattern people addition nutrition education.

Language: Английский

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Upregulating Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Expression May Prevent Severe COVID-19 Inflammatory Responses and Reduce Microthrombosis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 12, 2022

COVID-19 is characterized by hyperactivation inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of macrophages, neutrophils, other immune cells, all hallmarks a strong response that can lead to severe complications multi-organ damage. Mortality in patients associated with high prevalence neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation microthrombosis are exacerbated hyperglycemia, diabetes, old age. SARS-CoV-2 infection humans non-human primates have revealed long-term neurological consequences COVID-19, possibly concomitant the Lewy bodies brain invasion nervous system via olfactory bulb. In this paper, we review relevance human cathelicidin LL-37 infections. an immunomodulatory, host defense peptide direct anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, pleiotropic effects on response, neovascularization, body formation, pancreatic islet cell function. The bioactive form vitamin D number compounds induce expression one might predict its upregulation, could reduce COVID-19. We hypothesize upregulation will act therapeutically, facilitating efficient NET clearance speeding endothelial repair after tissue damage, preventing α-synuclein aggregation, supporting blood-glucose level stabilization insulin release β-cell neogenesis. addition, it has been postulated directly bind S1 domain SARS-CoV-2, mask angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, limit infection. Purposeful also serve as preventative therapeutic strategy for

Language: Английский

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The effects of combined magnesium and zinc supplementation on metabolic status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease

Lipids in Health and Disease, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: May 28, 2020

Abstract Background The present research aimed to analyze the impacts of magnesium and zinc supplements on glycemic control, serum lipids, biomarkers oxidative stress inflammation in patients suffering from coronary heart disease (CHD) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods According design, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial has been implemented 60 subjects CHD T2DM. Therefore, participants have randomly divided into groups for taking placebo ( n = 30) or 250 mg oxide plus 150 sulfate 12 weeks. Results Magnesium significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (β − 9.44 mg/dL, 95% CI, 18.30, 0.57; P 0.03) insulin levels 1.37 μIU/mL, 2.57, 0.18; 0.02). Moreover, HDL-cholesterol enhanced 2.09 0.05, 4.13; 0.04) comparison placebo. There was an association between intake, significant decrease C-reactive protein (CRP) 0.85 mg/L, 1.26, 0.45; < 0.001), increase total nitrite 5.13 μmol/L, 1.85, 8.41; 0.003) antioxidant capacity (TAC) 43.44 mmol/L, 3.39, 83.50; when compared with Furthermore, reduced Beck Depression Inventory index (BDI) 1.66; 3.32, 0.009; Anxiety (BAI) 1.30; 2.43, 0.16; 0.02) Conclusions In T2DM CHD, 12-week intake had beneficial effects FPG, HDL-cholesterol, CRP, insulin, nitrite, TAC levels, BDI BAI score. This suggests that co-supplementation may be CHD. Further studies more lasting longer are needed determine safety co-supplementation. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20130211012438N31 at 11 May 2019 registration. study retrospectively registered.

Language: Английский

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Trace Element and Mineral Levels in Serum, Hair, and Urine of Obese Women in Relation to Body Composition, Blood Pressure, Lipid Profile, and Insulin Resistance

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 689 - 689

Published: May 4, 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate serum, hair, and urinary trace element mineral content in normal-weight obese women relation metabolic risk factors. A total 80 aged 30–70 y.o. were enrolled the group (n = 40) 40). Serum, levels assessed using inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Body fat percentage evaluated bioimpedance. Obese subjects characterized by significantly higher body percentage, blood pressure, serum triglyceride concentration, insulin resistance. Serum Ca, Fe, Mg, Se, V, Zn levels, hair V content, Se concentrations found be lower as compared lean controls. In turn, Cu Fe a significant increase. multiple regression models Cu, associated with BMI even after adjustment for biochemistry, composition, pressure. also contributed discrimination. These findings allow propose that obesity-associated disturbances status may at least partially contribute subjects.

Language: Английский

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Dietary Magnesium Intake Affects the Association Between Serum Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Nov. 25, 2021

Introduction: Circulating vitamin D concentrations have been associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Magnesium has also reported to be lower T2D risk. Besides, magnesium is an essential cofactor for activation. However, effect dietary intake on association between and not studied comprehensively. Therefore, we designed this cross-sectional study assess modification T2D. Research Design Methods: The present analyzed data from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) continuously 2007 2014, involving 10,249 participants. By having stratified participants based category (low <267 mg/day; high intake: ≥267 mg/day), further evaluated difference (interaction test) relationship among low using weighted multivariable logistic regression. Results: In study, serum incidence appeared differ group (OR: 0.968, 95%Cl: 0.919-1.02 vs. OR: 0.925, 0.883-0.97). Furthermore, there was evidence interaction levels decreasing (p-value = 0.001). Conclusions: results our indicated that might affect Such a finding requires randomized controlled trials provide more evidence.

Language: Английский

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