Frontiers in Physiology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Jan. 22, 2021
Hypopharyngeal
glands
(HGs)
are
the
most
important
organ
of
hymenopterans
which
play
critical
roles
for
insect
physiology.
In
honey
bees,
HGs
paired
structures
located
bilaterally
in
head,
front
brain
between
compound
eyes.
Each
gland
is
composed
thousands
secretory
units
connecting
to
duct
worker
bees.
To
better
understand
recent
progress
made
understanding
structure
and
function
these
glands,
we
here
review
ontogeny
HGs,
factors
affecting
morphology,
physiology,
molecular
basis
functionality
glands.
We
also
morphogenesis
pupal
adult
stages,
role
across
ages
first
time.
Furthermore,
transcriptome,
proteome,
phosphoproteome
analyses
have
elucidated
potential
mechanisms
driving
development
functionality.
This
adds
a
comprehensive
novel
knowledge
physiology
bees
over
time,
may
be
helpful
future
research
investigations.
Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(1), P. e24056 - e24056
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Over
the
past
eight
years,
bee
products
such
as
wax,
honey,
propolis,
and
pollen
have
generated
intense
curiosity
about
their
potential
food
uses;
to
explore
these
possibilities,
this
review
examines
nutritional
benefits
notable
characteristics
of
each
product
related
industry.
While
all
offer
distinct
advantages,
there
are
challenges
overcome,
including
risk
honey
contamination.
Indeed,
has
excellent
a
healthier
alternative
sugar,
while
propolis's
remarkable
antibacterial
antioxidant
properties
can
be
enhanced
through
microencapsulation.
Pollen
is
versatile
with
multiple
applications
in
various
products.
In
addition,
addition
beeswax
oleogels
its
use
coating
demonstrate
significant
improvements
quality
preservation
environmentally
sustainable
foods
over
time.
This
study
demonstrates
that
apitherapy
essential
for
future
innovative
medical
treatments.
Pharmaceuticals,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(5), P. 646 - 646
Published: May 16, 2024
Beekeeping
provides
products
with
nutraceutical
and
pharmaceutical
characteristics.
These
are
characterized
by
abundance
of
bioactive
compounds.
For
different
reasons,
honey,
royal
jelly,
propolis,
venom,
pollen
beneficial
to
humans
animals
could
be
used
as
therapeutics.
The
pharmacological
action
these
is
related
many
their
constituents.
main
components
honey
include
oligosaccharides,
methylglyoxal,
jelly
proteins
(MRJPs),
phenolics
Royal
contains
jelleins,
royalisin
peptides,
MRJPs,
derivatives
hydroxy-decenoic
acid,
particularly
10-hydroxy-2-decenoic
acid
(10-HDA),
which
possess
antibacterial,
anti-inflammatory,
immunomodulatory,
neuromodulatory,
metabolic
syndrome-preventing,
anti-aging
properties.
Propolis
has
a
plethora
activities
that
referable
compounds
such
caffeic
phenethyl
ester.
Peptides
found
in
bee
venom
phospholipase
A2,
apamin,
melittin.
In
addition
being
vitamin-rich,
also
includes
unsaturated
fatty
acids,
sterols,
express
antiatherosclerotic,
antidiabetic,
anti-inflammatory
Therefore,
the
constituents
hive
particular
different.
All
have
been
investigated
for
properties
numerous
research
studies.
This
review
aims
provide
thorough
screening
chemicals
honeybee
biological
effects.
manuscript
may
impetus
branch
unconventional
medicine
goes
name
apitherapy.
Acta Parasitologica,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
70(1)
Published: Jan. 24, 2025
Abstract
Purpose
Encephalitozoon
intestinalis
is
an
obligate
intracellular
microsporidian
fungus
that
causes
severe
gastrointestinal
infections,
particularly
in
immunocompromised
individuals.
Propolis
(PROP),
a
resinous
substance
derived
from
bees,
has
antimicrobial,
anti-inflammatory
and
antioxidant
properties,
while
royal
jelly
(RJ)
immunomodulatory,
antimicrobial
activities.
The
aim
of
this
study
was
to
investigate
the
therapeutic
potential
PROP
RJ
against
E.
intestinalis.
Methods
phenolic
composition
analysed
by
high-performance
liquid
chromatography
with
diode
array
detection,
chemical
components
were
evaluated
according
ISO12824
standards.
cytotoxicity
on
HEK-293
cells
using
XTT
assay.
three
highest
non-cytotoxic
concentrations
each
sample
tested
for
their
effects
spores
qRT-PCR.
Trichrome-stained
photomicrographs
used
assess
spore
density
treated
RJ.
Results
analysis
revealed
flavonoids
such
as
quercetin,
kaempferol,
pinocembrin
galangin,
well
acids
caffeic
cinnamic
acids,
known
bioactive
properties.
contained
mainly
proteins,
lipids,
carbohydrates
sugars,
reflecting
its
role
nutritionally
biologically
active
substance.
According
results
first
evaluating
effect
intestinalis,
all
showed
significant
inhibitory
growth
compared
control
group.
Conclusion
In
conclusion,
we
believe
should
be
considered
alternative
option
development
antimicrosporidial
drugs
due
medicinal
pharmaceutical
Life,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11(9), P. 970 - 970
Published: Sept. 15, 2021
Biodiversity
strengthens
the
productivity
of
any
ecosystem
(agricultural
land,
forest,
lake,
etc.).
The
loss
biodiversity
contributes
to
food
and
energy
insecurity;
increases
vulnerability
natural
disasters,
such
as
floods
or
tropical
storms;
decreases
quality
both
life
health.
Wild
managed
bees
play
a
key
role
in
maintaining
recovery
restoration
degraded
habitats.
novelty
character
this
perspective
is
give
an
updated
representation
bee
products’
biodiversity,
sustainability,
health
relationship.
bioindicators,
their
importance
conservation
services,
variety
products
are
described
herein.
An
overview
main
components
products,
biological
potentials,
highlighted
detailed
follows:
(i)
nutritional
value
(ii)
bioactive
profile
related
beneficial
properties;
(iii)
focus
on
honey
through
literature
quantitative
analysis,
(iv)
explored
databases.
Moreover,
example
interconnection
between
health,
case
study,
namely
“Cellulose
Park”,
realized
Rome
(Italy),
presented
here.
This
study
highlights
how
activities
can
be
used
assess
track
changes
agricultural
ecosystems—hive
could
valid
indicators
surrounding
environment,
well
induced
by
biotic
abiotic
factors
that
impact
sustainability
production
peri-urban
areas.
Frontiers in Nutrition,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
8
Published: Nov. 3, 2021
Increased
demand
for
a
more
balanced,
healthy,
and
safe
diet
has
accelerated
studies
on
natural
bee
products
(including
honey,
bread,
collected
pollen
royal
jelly,
propolis,
beeswax,
venom)
over
the
past
decade.
Advanced
food
processing
techniques,
such
as
ultrasonication
microwave
infrared
(IR)
irradiation,
either
gained
popularity
alternatives
or
combined
with
conventional
techniques
diverse
applications
in
apiculture
at
laboratory
industrial
scale.
The
used
each
have
comprehensively
summarized
this
review,
including
drying
(traditional
drying,
microwave-assisted
traditional
vacuum
low
temperature
high
velocity-assisted
fluidized
bed
drying),
storage,
extraction,
isolation,
identification;
assessment
methods
related
to
quality
control
of
are
also
fully
mentioned.
different
applied
aim
provide
healthy
active
ingredients
largely
effectively.
Furthermore,
improved
product
shorter
time
reduced
operational
cost
achieved
using
emerging
techniques.
This
review
will
increase
positive
ratings
new
according
needs
products.
importance
models
process
optimization
large
scale
is
emphasized
future.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(4), P. 750 - 750
Published: March 30, 2022
Skin
tissue
regeneration
is
one
of
the
population’s
most
common
problems,
and
complications
that
may
appear
in
healing
process
can
have
detrimental
consequences.
An
alternative
to
conventional
treatments
could
be
represented
by
sustainable
materials
based
on
natural
products,
such
as
honey
its
derivates
(propolis,
royal
jelly,
bee
pollen,
beeswax,
venom).
They
exhibit
significant
inhibitory
activities
against
bacteria
great
potential
dermal
regeneration.
Research
pharmaceutical
field
demonstrates
medication
combined
with
products
deliver
better
results.
The
advantages
include
minimizing
side
effects
maintaining
same
effectiveness
using
low
concentrations
antibiotic,
anti-inflammatory,
or
chemotherapy
drugs.
Several
studies
suggested
replace
antimicrobial
activity
efficiency
antibiotics,
but
further
investigation
needed
establish
a
topical
mixture’s
potential,
including
honey,
propolis.
Bee
seem
complete
each
other’s
deficiencies,
their
mixture
impact
wound
process.
topic
addressed
this
paper
highlights
usefulness
propolis,
venom
re-epithelization
bacterial
infections.