Interplay between ESKAPE Pathogens and Immunity in Skin Infections: An Overview of the Major Determinants of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 148 - 148

Published: Feb. 2, 2021

The skin is the largest organ in human body, acting as a physical and immunological barrier against pathogenic microorganisms. cutaneous lesions constitute gateway for microbial contamination that can lead to chronic wounds other invasive infections. Chronic are considered serious public health problems due related social, psychological economic consequences. group of bacteria known ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enterobacter sp.) among most prevalent These pathogens have high level incidence hospital environments several strains present phenotypes multidrug resistance. In this review, we discuss some important aspects immunology involvement wound First, introduce fundamental physiology Following this, major virulence factors involved colonization tissue damage highlighted, well frequently detected antimicrobial resistance genes. express determinants overcome skin’s barriers, enabling them cause severe ability these acquire alarming, particularly settings where immunocompromised individuals exposed pathogens. Knowledge about markers species order develop new strategies detect treat their associated

Language: Английский

---

Roles of Infection in Psoriasis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(13), P. 6955 - 6955

Published: June 23, 2022

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder with cutaneous and systemic manifestations. Genetic predisposition, environmental factors, immune dysfunction all contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis host-microbe interaction governing progression this disease. Emerging evidence has indicated that infection an trigger for plays multiple roles in its maintenance as evidenced by frequent association between guttate onset acute streptococcal infection. Different infectious factors act on cells produce inflammatory cytokines can induce or aggravate psoriasis. In addition bacterial infections, viral fungal infections have also been shown be strongly associated exacerbation Intervention skin microbiota treat become hot research topic. review, we summarize effects different (bacteria, viruses, fungi) psoriasis, thereby providing insights into manipulation pathogens allow identification improved therapeutic options treatment condition.

Language: Английский

---

Updated Perspectives on Keratinocytes and Psoriasis: Keratinocytes are More Than Innocent Bystanders

Psoriasis Targets and Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: Volume 12, P. 73 - 87

Published: May 1, 2022

Psoriasis is a complex disease triggered by genetic, immunologic, and environmental stimuli. Many genes have been linked to psoriasis, like the psoriasis susceptibility genes, some of which are critical in keratinocyte biology epidermal barrier function. Still, exact pathogenesis unknown. In disease, balance between proliferative differentiative processes keratinocytes becomes altered. Multiple studies highlighted role dysregulated immune cells provoking inflammatory responses seen psoriasis. addition cells, accumulating evidence shows that involved pathogenesis, as discussed this review. Although certain cell-derived factors stimulate hyperproliferation, activated can also produce anti-microbial peptides, cytokines, chemokines promote their proliferation, well recruit help initiate reinforce feedback loops. Psoriatic show intrinsic differences from normal even after removal vivo environment; thus, psoriatic found exhibit abnormal calcium metabolism possible epigenetic changes contribute The Koebner phenomenon, injury promotes development lesions, provides for keratinocytes' contributions pathogenesis. Furthermore, transgenic mouse confirmed importance etiology Finally, keratinocytes, data literature support roles other cell types, tissues, systems development. These contributors all potential targets therapies, suggesting holistic approach when treating

Language: Английский

---

Generalized pustular psoriasis is a disease distinct from psoriasis vulgaris: evidence and expert opinion

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(10), P. 1033 - 1047

Published: Sept. 5, 2022

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, severe, clinically heterogeneous disease characterized by flares of widespread, noninfectious, macroscopically visible pustules that occur with or without systemic inflammation, and are associated significant morbidity mortality. Historically, GPP has been classified as variant vulgaris (PV, plaque psoriasis); however, accumulating evidence indicates these distinct conditions, requiring different treatment approaches.In this perspective article we review supports the classification from PV.The histopathologic clinical appearance PV fundamental differences exist between two conditions in terms genetic causes expression-related mechanisms development. results dysregulation innate immune system, disruption interleukin (IL)-36 inflammatory pathway, induction keratinocyte responses, recruitment neutrophils. driven adaptive key role played IL-17. Considering separate will enable greater focus on its specific pathogenesis needs patients. Many treatments for have insufficient efficacy therapeutic approach developed specifically might lead to better patient outcomes.Generalized rare disease. During episodes worsening disease, system attacks skin. This large areas skin become red painful, pus-filled blisters suddenly form. Some people history another, more common, condition called (PV). People develop patches scaly, itchy In past, was classed type treated same medicines. However, medicines do not work well GPP. Researchers now understand about what how it differs PV. can cause medical problems throughout body, leading life-threatening complications. means often need urgent hospitals. mostly outside Any other usually due itself. found several genes altered PV, they differ diseases. For example, changes gene IL36RN common but seen The diseases also looks under microscope. Knowing help be diagnosed quickly. It researchers new GPP, so receive future.

Language: Английский

---

Rapid reduction in Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis subjects following dupilumab treatment

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 152(5), P. 1179 - 1195

Published: June 13, 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory disorder characterized by dominant type 2 inflammation leading to chronic pruritic skin lesions, allergic comorbidities, and Staphylococcus aureus colonization infections. S thought play a role in AD severity.

Language: Английский

---

Inflammation and Psoriasis: A Comprehensive Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(22), P. 16095 - 16095

Published: Nov. 8, 2023

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated disease with a strong genetic component that brings many challenges to sick individuals, such as chronic illness, and which has multiple associated comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel psychological disorders. Understanding the interplay between innate adaptative immune system led discovery of specific cytokine circuits (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-23, IL-17), allowed scientists discover new biomarkers can be used predictors treatment response pave way for personalized treatments. In this review, we describe footprint psoriasis leaves on skin beyond, key pathophysiological mechanisms, current available therapeutic options, drawbacks faced by existing therapies, anticipate potential future perspectives may improve quality life affected individuals.

Language: Английский

---

Advances in psoriasis research: From pathogenesis to therapeutics

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 355, P. 122991 - 122991

Published: Aug. 15, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Novel Factors Regulating Proliferation, Migration, and Differentiation of Fibroblasts, Keratinocytes, and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells during Wound Healing

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1939 - 1939

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

Chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a significant complication of diabetes mellitus, often leading to amputation, increased morbidity, and substantial financial burden. Even with the advancements in treatment DFU, risk amputation still exists, this occurs due presence gangrene osteomyelitis. Nonhealing chronic DFU is decreased angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation, extracellular matrix remodeling persistent inflammation. During wound healing, proliferation migration fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, keratinocytes play critical role (ECM) remodeling, epithelialization. The molecular factors regulating migration, proliferation, differentiation these cells scarcely discussed literature. literature review identifies key influencing keratinocytes, vascular (VSMCs), which healing. This followed by discussion on various novel but not context healing; however, they may role. Using network analysis, we examined interactions between factors, findings suggest that identified promoting during healing or However, warrant further investigation establish their alone synergistically.

Language: Английский

---

Targeting STING in dendritic cells alleviates psoriatic inflammation by suppressing IL-17A production

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(7), P. 738 - 751

Published: May 28, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Microneedle-assisted percutaneous delivery of methotrexate-loaded nanoparticles enabling sustained anti-inflammatory effects in psoriasis therapy

Journal of Materials Chemistry B, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 2618 - 2627

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The MTX@HMSN/CS-loaded MN patch exhibited enhanced and sustained anti-inflammatory effects against psoriasis with a continuous release of MTX.

Language: Английский

---