Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors vs. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP4) Inhibitors for New-Onset Dementia: A Propensity Score-Matched Population-Based Study With Competing Risk Analysis

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Oct. 21, 2021

Introduction: The effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2I) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4I) on new-onset cognitive dysfunction in type diabetes mellitus remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the two novel antidiabetic agents by comparing rates dementia between SGLT2I DPP4I users. Methods: was a population-based cohort patients treated with January 1, 2015 December 31, 2019 Hong Kong. Exclusion criteria were <1-month exposure or both medication classes, prior diagnosis major neurological/psychiatric diseases. Primary outcomes dementia, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's. Secondary all-cause, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular mortality. Results: A total 13,276 36,544 users (total n = 51,460; median age: 66.3 years old [interquartile range (IQR): 58-76], 55.65% men) studied (follow-up: 472 [120-792] days). After 1:2 matching (SGLT2I: 13,283; DPP4I: 26,545), had lower incidences (0.19 vs. 0.78%, p < 0.0001), Alzheimer's (0.01 0.1%, 0.0047), Parkinson's disease (0.02 0.14%, 0.0006), all-cause (5.48 12.69%, (0.88 3.88%, cardiovascular mortality (0.49 3.75%, 0.0001). Cox regression showed that use associated risks (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.27-0.61], P (HR:0.28, CI: [0.09-0.91], 0.0349), (HR:0.84, [0.77-0.91], (HR:0.64, [0.49-0.85], 0.0017), (HR:0.36, [0.3-0.43], 0.0001) Conclusions: is disease, compared after propensity score matching.

Language: Английский

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Glucose Metabolism, Neural Cell Senescence and Alzheimer’s Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(8), P. 4351 - 4351

Published: April 14, 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an elderly neurodegenerative disorder with a high incidence and progressive memory decline, is one of the most expensive, lethal, burdening diseases. To date, pathogenesis AD has not been fully illustrated. Emerging studies have revealed that cellular senescence abnormal glucose metabolism in brain are early hallmarks AD. Moreover, disturbance patients may precede amyloid-β deposition or Tau protein phosphorylation. Thus, metabolic reprogramming targeting senescent microglia astrocytes be novel strategy for intervention treatment. Here, we recapitulate relationships between neural cell (e.g., insulin signaling, lactate metabolism) We then discuss potential perspective towards intervention, providing theoretical basis further exploration therapeutic approach toward

Language: Английский

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Defining the Role of Isoeugenol from Ocimum tenuiflorum against Diabetes Mellitus-Linked Alzheimer’s Disease through Network Pharmacology and Computational Methods

Molecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(8), P. 2398 - 2398

Published: April 7, 2022

The present study involves the integrated network pharmacology and phytoinformatics-based investigation of phytocompounds from

Language: Английский

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Consequences of COVID-19 for the Pancreas

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 864 - 864

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related major health consequences involve the lungs, a growing body of evidence indicates that COVID-19 is not inert to pancreas either. This review presents summary molecular mechanisms involved in development pancreatic dysfunction during course COVID-19, comparison effects non-severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on function, and how drugs used treatment may affect this organ. It appears diabetes only condition predisposes patient suffer from more severe but it also develop as consequence infection with virus. Some SARS-CoV-2 inpatients experience pancreatitis due direct tissue virus or systemic multiple organ (MODS) accompanied by elevated levels amylase lipase. There are reports reveal relationship between cancer infection. has been postulated evaluation function should be increased post-COVID-19 patients, both adults children.

Language: Английский

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Alzheimer’s Disease and Inflammaging

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1237 - 1237

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders. The main theory progress amyloid-β cascade hypothesis. However, initial mechanisms insoluble forms formation and hyperphosphorylated tau protein in neurons remain unclear. One factors, which might play a key role senile plaques fibrils generation due to disease, inflammaging, i.e., systemic chronic low-grade inflammation. activation proinflammatory cell phenotype observed during aging, be pivotal for development inflammatory diseases, e.g., atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, disease. This review discusses processes developing neurodegeneration, activated physiological aging various diseases such as obesity, depressive

Language: Английский

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The mechanism and efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Nov. 17, 2022

Since type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and both have the same pathogenesis (e.g., insulin resistance), drugs used to treat T2DM been gradually found reduce progression of AD in models. Of these drugs, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are more effective fewer side effects. GLP-1R reducing neuroinflammation oxidative stress, neurotrophic effects, decreasing Aβ deposition tau hyperphosphorylation models, which may be potential drug treatment AD. However, this needs verified by further clinical trials. This study aims summarize current information on mechanisms effects

Language: Английский

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The Role of Obesity and Diabetes in Dementia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(16), P. 9267 - 9267

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

Chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and dementia are increasing in the United States (US) population. Knowledge of these chronic conditions, preventative measures, proper management tactics is important critical to preventing disease. The overlap between becoming further elucidated. These share a similar origin through components age, gender, genetic epigenetic predispositions, depression, high-fat Western diet (WD) that all contribute inflammatory state associated with development dementia. This leads dysregulation food intake insulin resistance. Obesity often cornerstone diabetes and, subsequently, case type 2 mellitus (T2DM), progression "type 3 (T3DM)". depression closely diabetes. However, can be avoided lifestyle modifications, by switching plant-based (e.g., Mediterranean (MD)), physical activity. Diet exercise not only treatment options. There several surgical pharmacological interventions available for prevention. Current future research within each fields warranted offers chance new options better understanding pathogenesis condition.

Language: Английский

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Contributions of physical inactivity and sedentary behavior to metabolic and endocrine diseases

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 33(12), P. 817 - 827

Published: Oct. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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Diabetes Mellitus is Associated With Higher Serum Neurofilament Light Chain Levels in the General US Population

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 108(2), P. 361 - 367

Published: Oct. 5, 2022

Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels are biomarkers of neuroaxonal injury in multiple neurological diseases.Given the paucity data on distribution sNfL general population, present study we identified predictors a community setting and investigated association between diabetes sNfL.sNfL were measured 2070 people aged 20 to 75 years from US population (275 with 1795 without diabetes) that participated 2013-2014 cycle National Health Nutrition Examination Survey. We evaluated after adjustment for age, sex, race-ethnicity, alcohol use, kidney function using multivariable linear regression model. Cognitive was subset participants 60 Consortium Establish Registry Alzheimer's Disease-Word Learning test, Animal Fluency Digit Symbol Substitution test.The weighted prevalence 10.4% (95% CI, 9.0-11.9). In each age stratum, patients exhibited higher compared nondiabetic participants. Age, proportion males, diabetes, homeostatic model insulin resistance increased progressively across quartiles overall whereas estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) showed an opposite trend. model, eGFR, use significantly associated levels. Moreover, worse performance all 3 cognitive tests.Diabetes is sNfL. Further large-scale prospective studies needed replicate our results evaluate ability predict incidence neuropathy dementia this patient population.

Language: Английский

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Pathogenesis of Dementia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 543 - 543

Published: Dec. 29, 2022

According to Alzheimer’s Disease International, 55 million people worldwide are living with dementia. Dementia is a disorder that manifests as set of related symptoms, which usually result from the brain being damaged by injury or disease. The symptoms involve progressive impairments in memory, thinking, and behavior, accompanied emotional problems, difficulties language, decreased motivation. most common variant dementia disease dominated cognitive disorders, particularly memory loss, impaired personality, judgmental disorders. So far, all attempts treat dementias removing their rather than causes have failed. Therefore, presented narrative review, I will attempt explain etiology perspective energy metabolism dysfunction an aging brain. hope this perspective, though perhaps too simplified, bring us closer essence aging-related neurodegenerative disorders soon allow develop new preventive/therapeutic strategies our struggle dementia, disease, Parkinson’s

Language: Английский

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