Cell Therapy: Types, Regulation, and Clinical Benefits

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Nov. 22, 2021

Cell therapy practices date back to the 19 th century and continue expand on investigational investment grounds. includes stem cell- non–stem cell-based, unicellular multicellular therapies, with different immunophenotypic profiles, isolation techniques, mechanisms of action, regulatory levels. Following steps their predecessor cell therapies that have become established or commercialized, premarket approval-exempt provide patients promising therapeutic benefits in disease areas. In this review article, we delineate vast types therapy, including cell-based create first-in-literature compilation “multicellular” used clinical settings. Besides providing nuts bolts FDA policies regulating use, discuss reported 3 areas—regenerative medicine, immune diseases, cancer. Finally, contemplate recent attention shift toward combined approaches, highlighting factors render a more attractive option than counterparts.

Language: Английский

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The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Intra-Articular Microenvironment in Knee Osteoarthritis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(11), P. 5492 - 5492

Published: May 23, 2021

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) represents a clinical challenge due to poor potential for spontaneous healing of cartilage lesions. Several treatment options are available KOA, including oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, braces, activity modification, and finally operative treatment. Intra-articular (IA) injections usually used when the non-operative is not effective, surgery yet indicated. More more studies suggesting that IA as or even efficient safe than NSAIDs. Recently, research improve intra-articular homeostasis has focused on biologic adjuncts, such platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The catabolic inflammatory processes exists in knee may be influenced by administration PRP its derivatives. can induce regenerative response lead improvement metabolic functions damaged structures. However, positive effect chondrogenesis proliferation mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) still highly controversial. Recommendations from vitro animal often different outcomes because it difficult translate non-clinical study methodology recommendations human protocols. In recent years, significant progress been made understanding mechanism action. this review, we will discuss mechanisms related inflammation repair after studies. Furthermore, review trials efficiency changing OA biomarkers joint.

Language: Английский

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Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes Promote Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts Embedded in Collagen/Platelet‐Rich Plasma Scaffold and Accelerate Wound Healing

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(40)

Published: June 21, 2023

Abstract Engineered skin substitutes derived from human significantly reduce inflammatory reactions mediated by foreign/artificial materials and are consequently easier to use for clinical application. Type I collagen is a main component of the extracellular matrix during wound healing has excellent biocompatibility, platelet‐rich plasma can be used as initiator cascade. Adipose mesenchymal stem cell exosomes crucial tissue repair play key roles in enhancing regeneration, promoting angiogenesis, regulating inflammation, remodeling matrix. Herein, plasma, which provide natural supports keratinocyte fibroblast adhesion, migration, proliferation, mixed form stable 3D scaffold. added scaffold improve performance engineered skin. The physicochemical properties this cellular analyzed, effect evaluated full‐thickness defect mouse model. reduces level inflammation promotes proliferation angiogenesis accelerate healing. Proteomic analysis shows that exhibit anti‐inflammatory proangiogenic effects collagen/platelet‐rich scaffolds. proposed method provides new therapeutic strategy theoretical basis regeneration repair.

Language: Английский

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Click‐hydrogel delivered aggregation‐induced emissive nanovesicles for simultaneous remodeling and antibiosis of deep burn wounds

Aggregate, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

Abstract As a high‐risk trauma, deep burns are always hindered in their repair process by decreased tissue regeneration capacity and persistent infections. In this study, we developed simultaneous strategy for burn wounds treatment using functional nanovesicles with antibacterial remodeling properties, delivered via click‐chemistry hydrogel. An aggregation‐induced emission photosensitizer of 4‐(2‐(5‐(4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)vinyl)‐1‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) pyridin‐1‐ium bromide (THB) excellent photodynamic properties was first prepared, then combined readily accessible adipose stem cells‐derived to generate the THB functionalized (THB@ANVs). The THB@ANVs showed strong activity against Gram‐positive bacteria (up 100% killing rate), also beneficial effects on remodeling, including promoting cell migration, proliferation, regulating immunity. addition, prepared click‐hydrogel carboxymethyl chitosan effective delivery wounds. This hydrogel could be injected conform wound morphology while responding acidic microenvironment. vivo evaluations healing revealed that dressing efficiently accelerated second‐degree reducing bacterial growth, inflammation, early angiogenesis, collagen deposition. study provides promising candidate diverse functions repair.

Language: Английский

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Expanding applications of allogeneic platelets, platelet lysates, and platelet extracellular vesicles in cell therapy, regenerative medicine, and targeted drug delivery

Journal of Biomedical Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: Sept. 14, 2023

Abstract Platelets are small anucleated blood cells primarily known for their vital hemostatic role. Allogeneic platelet concentrates (PCs) collected from healthy donors an essential cellular product transfused by hospitals to control or prevent bleeding in patients affected thrombocytopenia dysfunctions. fulfill additional functions innate and adaptive immunity inflammation, as well wound-healing tissue-repair mechanisms. contain mitochondria, lysosomes, dense granules, alpha-granules, which collectively a remarkable reservoir of multiple trophic factors, enzymes, signaling molecules. In addition, platelets prone release the circulation unique set extracellular vesicles (p-EVs), carry rich biomolecular cargo influential cell–cell communications. The exceptional functional roles played p-EVs explain recent interest exploring use allogeneic PCs source material develop new biotherapies that could address needs cell therapy, regenerative medicine, targeted drug delivery. Pooled human lysates (HPLs) can be produced have reached expiration date no longer suitable transfusion but remain valuable materials other applications. These HPLs substitute fetal bovine serum clinical grade xeno-free supplement growth media used vitro expansion transplantation purposes. expired has opened way small-pool large-pool HPL-derived biotherapy ocular surface disorders, wound care and, potentially, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoarthritis, others. Additionally, now seen readily available EVs exploited delivery vehicles. This article aims offer in-depth update on emerging translational applications while also highlighting advantages limitations modality medicine therapies.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma injections for the treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: June 27, 2023

In recent years, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections for osteoarthritis (OA) have been widely promoted in clinical practice, but their effectiveness is controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the efficacy and safety PRP treatment OA.We searched databases including Embase, Web Science, Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library studies. Two researchers (YQX CG) performed literature screening, baseline data extraction, quality assessment, heterogeneity analysis RCTs from retrieved Based on magnitude I2, random-effects or fixed-effects models were selected meta-analysis.We included 24 comprising 1344 patients with OA who met inclusion criteria, main types morbidity being knee (KOA), hip (HOA), ankle (AOA), temporomandibular joint (TMJOA). Our results indicate that effective improving Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores KOA, HOA, AOA compared controls (AOA, MD = -1.15, CI 95% [-1.74, -0.56], I2 40%, P < 0.05; -1.03, [-1.16, -0.9], 87%, TMJOA, -1.35, -0.97], 92%, 0.05) showed no significant HOA (MD -0.27, [-0.8, 0.26], 56%, P>0.05). Compared controls, Knee Injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), patient's symptoms, activities daily living (ADL), adhesion symptomatology, not sports function (KOOS-pain, 2.77, [0, 5.53], 0%, KOOS-symptoms, 3.73, [0.76, 6.71], KOOS-ADL, 3.61, [0.79, 6.43], KOOS-QOL, 4.66, [0.98, 8.35], 29%, 0.05, KOOS-sport, 0.48, [-3.02, 3.98], > 0.05). Western Ontario McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores, pain, stiffness, functional motion, control group (WOMAC-pain, -1.08, [-1.62, -0.53], WOMAC-stiffness, -1.17, 88% [-1.72, -0.63], WOMAC-function, -1.12, [-1.65, -0.58], addition, subgroup leukocyte-poor (LP) more than leukocyte-rich (LR) symptoms (VAS, LR-PRP, -0.81, -0.03], 83%, 0.06 LP-PRP, -1.62, [-2.36, -0.88], A based injection sites statistical difference between intra-articular (IA) combined intra-osseous (IO) simultaneous injections. IA only improved VAS (IA+IO injections, -0.74, =95% [-1.29, -0.18], 61%, -1.43, [-2.18, -0.68], test differences, 52.7%).PRP therapy can safely effectively improve activity produce positive analgesic effects AOA. However, did significantly reduce HOA. effect LP-PRP was greater LR-PRP.https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42022362066.

Language: Английский

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Angiogenesis and Tissue Repair Depend on Platelet Dosing and Bioformulation Strategies Following Orthobiological Platelet-Rich Plasma Procedures: A Narrative Review

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1922 - 1922

Published: July 6, 2023

Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessel from existing vessels and a critical first step in tissue repair following chronic disturbances healing degenerative tissues. Chronic pathoanatomic tissues are characterized by high number inflammatory cells; an overexpression mediators; such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) interleukin-1 (IL-1); presence mast cells, T reactive oxygen species, matrix metalloproteinases; decreased angiogenic capacity. Multiple studies have demonstrated that autologous orthobiological cellular preparations (e.g., platelet-rich plasma (PRP)) improve regenerate There many PRP devices on market. Unfortunately, they differ greatly platelet numbers, composition, bioformulation. concentrate consisting concentration platelets, with or without certain leukocytes, platelet-derived growth factors (PGFs), cytokines, molecules, signaling cells. Several products immunomodulatory capacities can influence resident cells diseased microenvironment, inducing regeneration. Generally, blood-derived product, regardless its bioformulation, literature indicates both positive negative patient treatment outcomes. Strangely, does not designate specific preparation qualifications potentially contribute to repair. Moreover, scarcely addresses impact platelets leukocytes (neo)angiogenesis, other than general one-size-fits-all statement “PRP has capabilities”. Here, we review composition all constituents, including describe importance dosing bioformulation strategies applications initiate pathways re-establish microvasculature networks, facilitating supply nutrients impaired

Language: Английский

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Emerging Roles of Macrophage Polarization in Osteoarthritis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies

Orthopaedic Surgery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 532 - 550

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic degenerative joint disease in middle‐aged and elderly people, characterized by pain dysfunction. Macrophages are key players OA pathology, their activation state has been studied extensively. Various studies have suggested that macrophages might respond to stimuli microenvironment changing phenotypes pro‐inflammatory or anti‐inflammatory phenotypes, which called macrophage polarization. accumulate become polarized (M1 M2) many tissues, such as synovium, adipose tissue, bone marrow, mesenchymal tissues joints, while resident well other stromal cells, including fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, form function an integrated unit. In this study, we focus exclusively on synovial macrophages, tissue osteoclasts, investigate roles development of OA. We review recent findings related polarization OA, pathogenesis, molecular pathways, therapeutics. summarize several signaling pathways reprogramming NF‐κB, MAPK, TGF‐β, JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NLRP3. Of note, despite increasing availability treatments for osteoarthritis, like intra‐articular injections, surgery, cellular therapy, demand more effective clinical therapies remained steady. Therefore, also describe current prospective therapeutic methods deem be a target, physical stimulus, chemical compounds, biological molecules, enhance cartilage repair alleviate progression

Language: Английский

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Advances with Platelet-Rich Plasma for Bone Healing

Biologics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 18, P. 29 - 59

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract: Despite significant advances in the understanding and delivery of osteosynthesis, fracture non-union remains a challenging clinical problem orthopaedic surgery. To bridge gap, basic science characterization healing provides platform to identify target biological strategies enhance healing. Of immense interest, Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is point care orthobiologic that has been extensively studied bone soft tissue given its relative ease translation from benchtop clinic. The aim this narrative review describe relate pre-clinical in-vitro in-vivo findings observations investigating efficacy PRP for primary management treatment. A particular emphasis placed on heterogeneity preparation techniques, composition, activation strategies, delivery. In context existing data, routine use cannot be supported. However, it acknowledged extensive treatments studies adds obscurity; ultimately, refinement (and consensus) specific indications, including repetition are warranted. Keywords: platelet rich plasma, regeneration, healing, fractures, ununited

Language: Английский

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The Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Biomedicine: A Comprehensive Overview

iScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 111705 - 111705

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

Biomedicine has seen significant advancements in the 21st century, with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) playing a crucial role clinical practice. This blood derivative, enriched platelet components, shown great potential for promoting tissue repair and regeneration. Its wide range of applications presence anti-inflammatory growth-promoting factors make it valuable tool field biomedicine. The exploration PRP settings been gaining momentum. Despite its cost-effectiveness, safety, therapeutic efficacy, widespread adoption hindered by absence consistent preparation standards standardized treatment protocols. article provides comprehensive analysis uses, physiological roles, molecular mechanisms, techniques aim is to offer thorough understanding benefits medical

Language: Английский

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