Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle: Influential triggers and regulatory mechanism

iScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(3), P. 109221 - 109221

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle (also known as myosteatosis) is now recognized a distinct disease from sarcopenia and directly related to declining capacity. Hence, understanding the origins regulatory mechanisms of fat vital for maintaining development improving human health. In this article, we summarized triggering factors such aging, metabolic diseases syndromes, nonmetabolic diseases, injury that all induce muscle. We discussed recent advances on cellular found several cell types including myogenic cells non-myogenic contribute myosteatosis. Furthermore, reviewed molecular mechanism, detection methods, intervention strategies Based current findings, our review will provide new insight into regulating function lipid metabolism treating muscle-related diseases.

Language: Английский

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Cellular senescence in musculoskeletal homeostasis, diseases, and regeneration

Bone Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Sept. 10, 2021

Abstract Emerging insights into cellular senescence highlight the relevance of in musculoskeletal disorders, which represent leading global cause disability. Cellular was initially described by Hayflick et al. 1961 as an irreversible nondividing state vitro cell culture studies. We now know that can occur vivo response to various stressors a heterogeneous and tissue-specific with secretome phenotype acquired after initial growth arrest. In past two decades, compelling evidence from preclinical models human data show accumulation senescent cells many components system. is therefore defining feature age-related targeted elimination these has emerged recently promising therapeutic approach ameliorate tissue damage promote repair regeneration skeleton skeletal muscles. this review, we summarize role maintenance bone homeostasis during childhood their contribution pathogenesis chronic including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, sarcopenia. diversity microenvironment bone, joint, muscle tissue, well mechanisms are involved diseases. addition, discuss how identifying targeting might positively affect pathologic progression system regeneration.

Language: Английский

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Palmitoylethanolamide: A Natural Compound for Health Management

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(10), P. 5305 - 5305

Published: May 18, 2021

All nations which have undergone a nutrition transition experienced increased frequency and falling latency of chronic degenerative diseases, are largely driven by inflammatory stress. Dietary supplementation is valid strategy to reduce the risk severity such disorders. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) an endocannabinoid-like lipid mediator with extensively documented anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory neuroprotective effects. It well tolerated devoid side effects in animals humans. PEA's actions on multiple molecular targets while modulating mediators provide therapeutic benefits many applications, including immunity, brain health, allergy, pain modulation, joint sleep recovery. poor oral bioavailability, major obstacle early research, has been overcome advanced delivery systems now licensed as food supplements. This review summarizes functionality PEA, supporting its use important dietary supplement for lifestyle management.

Language: Английский

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The Influence of the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern on Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(14), P. 3224 - 3224

Published: July 20, 2023

Diet is a modifiable factor in bone and muscle health. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) rich nutrients contains key bioactive components with probable protective effects on deterioration. Osteoporosis (OP) sarcopenia are diseases that increase frailty susceptibility to fracture, morbidity mortality. Therefore, it necessary combat them the population. In this regard, MedDiet adherence has proven be beneficial mineral density (BMD), mass, physical function, OP sarcopenia. Hence, proposed as therapeutic tool could slow onset of osteoporosis However, there doubt about interaction between MedDiet, strength fracture risk. Perhaps amount EVOO (extra virgin olive oil), fruits, vegetables fish anti-inflammatory antioxidant ingested an influence, though results remain controversial.

Language: Английский

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Network visualization of genes involved in skeletal muscle myogenesis in livestock animals

BMC Genomics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: March 19, 2024

Abstract Background Muscle growth post-birth relies on muscle fiber number and size. Myofibre number, metabolic contractile capacities are established pre-birth during prenatal myogenesis. The aim of this study was to identify genes involved in skeletal development cattle, sheep, pigs - livestock. Results cattle analysis showed significant differences 5043 the 135–280 dpc period. In 444 differed significantly 70–120 Pigs had 905 different for 63–91 period.The biological processes KEGG pathway enrichment results each species individually indicated that DEGs were enriched regulation cell proliferation, division, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, signaling pathways (PI3K-Akt, PPAR, MAPK, AMPK, Ras, Rap1); sheep positive fibroblast negative endothelial insulin resistance, HIF-1, prolactin, Rap1, PPAR); striated tissue development, collagen fibril organization, secretion, (PPAR, FoxO, AMPK). Among common studied animal species, 45 identified. Based these, a protein-protein interaction network created three modules critical myogenesis found, with most module A containing four recognized hub EGFR , VEGFA CDH1 CAV1 . Using miRWALK TF2DNA databases, miRNAs (bta-miR-2374 bta-miR-744) transcription factors (CEBPB, KLF15, RELA, ZNF143, ZBTB48, REST) associated detected. Analysis GO term such related A: MAP kinase activity, vascular factor receptor, insulin-like binding, MAPK). Conclusions identified genes, developmental period livestock, later including its by hypertrophy. They regulate valuable economic characteristics. Enhancing breeding animals according seems essential breeders achieve superior gains high-quality mass.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota and its metabolites: Bridge of dietary nutrients and obesity-related diseases

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 63(18), P. 3236 - 3253

Published: Oct. 26, 2021

While the incidence of obesity keeps increasing in both adults and children worldwide, its complications remain major threatens to human health. Over past decades, accumulating evidence has demonstrated importance microorganisms their metabolites pathogenesis related diseases. There also is a significant body validating efficacy microbial based therapies for managing various In this review, we collected key information pertinent obesity-related bacteria, fermentation substrates generated by studies involving humans and/or mice. We then briefly described possible molecular mechanisms which cause or inhibit with focus on metabolites. Lastly, summarized advantages disadvantages utilization probiotics, plant extracts, exercise controlling obesity. speculated that new targets combined approaches (e.g. diet exercise) could lead more precise prevention alleviation future clinical research implications.

Language: Английский

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Nampt activator P7C3 ameliorates diabetes and improves skeletal muscle function modulating cell metabolism and lipid mediators

Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 1177 - 1196

Published: Jan. 21, 2022

Abstract Background Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), a key enzyme in NAD salvage pathway is decreased metabolic diseases, and its precise role skeletal muscle function not known. We tested the hypothesis, Nampt activation by P7C3 (3,6‐dibromo‐α‐[(phenylamino)methyl]‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐ethanol) ameliorates diabetes function. Methods assessed functional, morphometric, biochemical, molecular effects of treatment type 2 diabetic ( db/db ) mice. +/− mice were utilized to test specificity P7C3. Results Insulin resistance increased 1.6‐fold compared with wild‐type after 4 weeks rescued P < 0.05). In db‐P7C3 fasting blood glucose levels 0.96‐fold C57Bl/6J naïve control The insulin tolerance tests 0.6‐fold 0.54‐folds, respectively, at 120 min along an increase secretion (1.76‐fold) pancreatic β‐cells (3.92‐fold) fore‐limb hind‐limb grip strengths 1.13‐fold 1.17‐fold, together 14.2‐fold voluntary running wheel distance resulted 1.4‐fold 7.1‐fold medium‐sized larger‐sized myofibres cross‐sectional area, concomitant 0.5‐fold decrease smaller‐sized tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. transmission electron microscopy images also displayed 1.67‐fold myofibre diameter extensor digitorum longus 2.9‐fold mitochondrial area db‐Veh number SDH positive 1.74‐fold TA muscles. gastrocnemius muscles slow oxidative myosin heavy chain type1 (MyHC1) expression (0.46‐fold) immunostaining (6.4‐fold), respectively. qPCR analysis 1.3‐fold Pdk4 Cpt1 , 0.55‐fold 0.59‐fold Fgf21 16S There was 3.3‐fold 1.9‐fold Fabp1 CD36 RNA‐seq differential gene volcano plot 1415 genes be up‐regulated 1726 down‐regulated 0.05) 1.02‐fold serum HDL, 0.9‐fold low‐density lipoprotein/very lipoprotein ratio Lipid profiling inflammatory lipid mediators n‐6; AA (0.83‐fold), n‐3; DHA (0.69‐fold) EPA (0.81‐fold), 0.66‐fold endocannabinoid 2‐AG 2.0‐fold AEA Conclusions Overall, we demonstrate that activates Nampt, improves

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms Involved in Gut Microbiota Regulation of Skeletal Muscle

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022, P. 1 - 15

Published: May 18, 2022

Skeletal muscle is one of the largest organs in body and essential for maintaining quality life. Loss skeletal mass function can lead to a range adverse consequences. The gut microbiota interact with by regulating variety processes that affect host physiology, including inflammatory immunity, protein anabolism, energy, lipids, neuromuscular connectivity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, endocrine insulin resistance. It proposed plays role direction work. Even though notion microbiota-muscle axis (gut-muscle axis) has been postulated, its causal link still unknown. impact on described detail this review.

Language: Английский

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The critical role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in skeletal muscle wasting: a systematic review

Journal of Applied Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 134(1)

Published: Dec. 20, 2022

Abstract Aims Skeletal muscle wasting is affected by the gut microbiota dysbiosis through multiple pathways, including inflammatory process, defected immune system, and anabolic resistance. We aimed to systematically review studies investigating composition in sarcopenic cachexic humans animals. Methods carried out a comprehensively systematic search using relevant keywords on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus databases until July 2021. Original human observational research animal related our topics published English were selected. Results Seven five included. Three case-control, whereas other four cross-sectional that investigated three different conditions, age-related sarcopenia, as well liver cirrhosis cancer cachexia. The principal alteration sarcopenia cirrhosis-induced was reduction short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) -producing bacteria. Lachnospiraceae family, consisting Lachnospira, Fusicatenibacter, Roseburia, Lachnoclostridium, significantly decreased while alpha diversity compared with control group. Moreover, Enterobacteriaceae, which has pro-inflammatory effect increased muscle-wasted Conclusion This presents associations between alterations skeletal consequence various pathologies, aging renal failure, cachexia both studies.

Language: Английский

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Skeletal muscle gene expression dysregulation in long-term spaceflights and aging is clock-dependent

npj Microgravity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: April 3, 2023

The circadian clock regulates cellular and molecular processes in mammals across all tissues including skeletal muscle, one of the largest organs human body. Dysregulated rhythms are characteristic aging crewed spaceflight, associated with, for example, musculoskeletal atrophy. Molecular insights into spaceflight-related alterations regulation muscle still missing. Here, we investigated potential functional consequences disruptions on using published omics datasets obtained from spaceflights other clock-altering, external (fasting exercise), or internal (aging) conditions Earth. Our analysis identified network muscle-associated pathways, as a result spaceflight duration mice, which resembles aging-related gene expression changes observed humans Earth (e.g., ATF4 downregulation, with atrophy). Furthermore, according to our results, factors such exercise fasting lead core-clock network, may compensate disruption during spaceflights. Thus, maintaining functioning is crucial ameliorate unphysiological atrophy reported among astronauts.

Language: Английский

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