Current Perspectives on the Beneficial Effects of Soybean Isoflavones and Their Metabolites for Humans

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 1064 - 1064

Published: June 30, 2021

Soybeans are rich in proteins and lipids have become a staple part of the human diet. Besides their nutritional excellence, they also been shown to contain various functional components, including isoflavones, consequently received increasing attention as food item. Isoflavones structurally similar 17-β-estradiol bind estrogen receptors (ERα ERβ). The estrogenic activity isoflavones ranges from hundredth thousandth that itself. play role regulating effects body, depending on situation. Thus, when is insufficient, perform functions estrogen, excessive, block which binds, thus acting an antagonist. In particular, antagonistic important breast, endometrium, prostate, such suppresses cancer occurrence. Genistein, isoflavone, has cancer-suppressing receptor-positive (ER+) cancers, breast cancer. It function enzymes tyrosine protein kinase, mitogen-activated DNA polymerase II, inhibiting cell proliferation inducing apoptosis. Genistein most biologically active potent isoflavone candidate for prevention. Furthermore, among physiological best known antioxidant activities. S-Equol, metabolite genistein daidzein, strong antioxidative effects; however, ability metabolize daidzein into S-equol varies based racial individual differences. may be effective preventing dementia by phosphorylation Alzheimer's-related tau proteins. reduces allergic responses limiting expression mast IgE receptors, involved responses. addition, prevent treat diseases, cardiovascular metabolic syndromes, osteoporosis, diabetes, brain-related high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, obesity, inflammation. Further, it positive menstrual irregularity non-menopausal women relieving menopausal symptoms middle-aged women. Recently, soybean consumption steep trend Western countries where intake was previously only 1/20-1/50 Asian countries. this review, I dealt with latest research trends substantial interest biological efficacy humans plants, related mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Advances in the study of the function and mechanism of the action of flavonoids in plants under environmental stresses

Planta, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 257(6)

Published: May 3, 2023

Language: Английский

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Drought increases Norway spruce susceptibility to the Eurasian spruce bark beetle and its associated fungi

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 242(3), P. 1000 - 1017

Published: March 3, 2024

Summary Drought affects the complex interactions between Norway spruce, bark beetle Ips typographus and associated microorganisms. We investigated interplay of tree water status, defense carbohydrate reserves with incidence attack infection fungi in mature spruce trees. installed roofs to induce a 2‐yr moderate drought managed stand examine maximum 10 roof control trees for resin flow (RF), predawn twig potentials, terpene, phenolic concentrations, borings field bioassays before after inoculation Endoconidiophora polonica Grosmannia penicillata . Drought‐stressed showed more attacks significantly longer fungal lesions than controls, but maintained terpene defenses at predrought levels. Reduced RF lower mono‐ diterpene, not concentrations were linked increased host selection. Bark stimulated chemical defenses, yet G. reduced contents. Chemical did decrease under mild, prolonged our simulated small‐scale biotic infestations. However, during natural mass attacks, reductions carbon fixation drought, combination consumption carbohydrates, may deplete facilitate colonization by I.

Language: Английский

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Plant Secondary Metabolites as a Tool to Investigate Biotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: A Review

Gesunde Pflanzen, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 74(4), P. 771 - 790

Published: May 30, 2022

Language: Английский

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Proanthocyanidins and Where to Find Them: A Meta-Analytic Approach to Investigate Their Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Distribution, and Effect on Human Health

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 1229 - 1229

Published: July 30, 2021

Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are a class of polyphenolic compounds that attracting considerable interest in the nutraceutical field due to their potential health benefits. However, knowledge about chemistry, biosynthesis, and distribution PACs is limited. This review summarizes main chemical characteristics biosynthetic pathways analytical methods aimed at identification quantification raw plant matrices. Furthermore, meta-analytic approaches were used identify sources which contained investigate effect on human health. In particular, cluster analysis identified 35 different families 60 parts normally consumed diet. On other hand, literature search, coupled with forest plot analyses, highlighted how can be actively involved both local systemic effects. Finally, mechanisms action through may impact investigated, focusing hypoglycemic lipid-lowering effects anti-inflammatory actions intestinal epithelium. Overall, this considered complete report chemical, biosynthetic, ecological, pharmacological aspects discussed.

Language: Английский

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Bioactive Compounds from Fruits as Preservatives

Foods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 343 - 343

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

The use of additives with preservative effects is a common practice in the food industry. Although their regulated, natural alternatives have gained more attention among researchers and professionals industry order to supply processed foods clean label. Fruits are essential components healthy diet also been associated improved health status lower risk developing diseases. This review aims provide an overview main bioactive compounds (polyphenols, betalain, terpenes) naturally found fruits, antioxidant antimicrobial activity vitro, effect different foods. Many extracts obtained from skin (apple, grape, jabuticaba, orange, pomegranate, for instance), pulp (such as red pitaya), seeds (guarana, jabuticaba) fruits great value due presence multiple (punicalagin, catechin, gallic acid, limonene, β-pinene, or γ-terpinene, instance). In terms activity, some that stand out date, olive, which interact radicals show mechanisms action vitro. Antimicrobial observed oils (especially citrus fruits) limit growth many microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Penicillium digitatum, Pseodomonas aeruginosa, Studies revealed free encapsulated forms incorporated into films coatings can inhibit microbial growth, slow oxidative reactions, reduce accumulation degradative products, preserve sensory attributes, especially coatings. Future studies could focus on advances align development healthier meat products) explore inhibition spoilage dairy instance.

Language: Английский

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Dietary (poly)phenols and cardiometabolic health: from antioxidants to modulators of the gut microbiota

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 11

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

(Poly)phenols are plant secondary metabolites widely abundant in foods and beverages comprising a very large number of compounds with diverse structure biological activities. Accumulating evidence indicates that these exert beneficial effects against cardiometabolic diseases, this review will provide summary current knowledge area. Epidemiological clinical data collectively suggest intake flavonoids reduces the risk cardiovascular disease (CVD), being particularly strong for flavan-3-ol subclass. However, to adequate dietary recommendations, better understanding their estimated content among general public is needed. Regarding mechanisms action, we now know it unlikely (poly)phenols act as direct antioxidants vivo , was hypothesised decades popularity vitro antioxidant capacity assays. One reasons upon ingestion, extensively metabolised into wide array circulating different bioactivities than precursors. Well-conducted studies human nutrigenomic analysis have revealed new molecular targets may be underlying health benefits (poly)phenols, such nitric oxide pathway. Recently, bi-directional relationship established between gut microbiota, suggesting individual microbial metabolising key factor explaining variability response (poly)phenols. Future research needed elucidate which factors affecting capacity, whether can modulated, along action.

Language: Английский

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Advances in molecular interactions between rice and insect herbivores

Crop Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract To adapt to each other, plants and insect herbivores have developed sophisticated molecular interactions. Here, we summarize current knowledge about such interactions between rice, a globally important food crop, herbivores. When infested by herbivores, rice perceives herbivore- and/or damage-associated patterns (HAMPs/DAMPs) via receptors that activate early signaling events as the influx of Ca 2+ , burst reactive oxygen species, activation MPK cascades. These changes result in specific defenses networks mainly include phytohormones (jasmonic acid, salicylic ethylene, abscisic acid) transcription factors. Some compounds, including flavonoids, phenolamides, defensive proteins, herbivore-induced volatiles, been reported be used against insects. Insect can deliver effectors or factors inhibit enhance susceptibility. Although number HAMPs defense-suppressing from piercing-sucking insects has increased rapidly, none chewing identified. Moreover, herbivore induce susceptibility, immune recognizing effectors, are not well characterized. We point out future research directions this area highlight importance elucidating mechanisms for sensing counter-defenses plants.

Language: Английский

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Endophytic entomopathogenic fungi enhance plant immune responses against tomato leafminer

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 108270 - 108270

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Soil Amendment-Mediated Herbivory Resistance, Crop Improvement, and Phytoremediation in Canola: Physiological Defense Mechanism and Health Risk Assessment

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 1110 - 1110

Published: April 2, 2025

A two-year field study was conducted using canola to check the efficacy of different soil amendment treatments (SAT), i.e., with elemental sulfur (ES), bio-sulfur (BS), and compost (Cp) mixtures against insecticide-treated (Carbosulfan) untreated controls regarding aphid populations. The results experiment revealed that ES significantly reduced abundance, followed by Cp ES+Cp. However, BS improved herbivory. number siliques, seeds, thousand-seed weight, yield were a trend ES+Cp > BS+Cp. Similarly, physiological mechanisms regulation nutrient phenolic contents in improving sulfur, nitrogen, Cp, calcium, BS+Cp enhancing phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc. Furthermore, RP-HPCL indicated ferulic acid highest plot. quercetin gallic acid; caffeic, chlorogenic, m-coumaric, sinapic enhances syringic, vanillic, ferulic, p-coumaric, cinnamic acid. analysis health risk assessment among SAT, Hazardous Quotient (HQ) Cu Zn. further research is still needed explore SAT's potential remediate other heavy metal stresses possible implications for pest management crops.

Language: Английский

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