MicroRNAs in extracellular vesicles: Sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, isolation, and detection technology

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Oct. 17, 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs, with length about 18–22 nucleotides. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from cells and play vital role in the development diseases can be used as biomarkers for liquid biopsy, they carriers miRNA. Existing studies have found that most functions miRNA mainly realized through intercellular transmission EVs, which protect sort miRNAs. Meanwhile, detection sensitivity specificity EV-derived higher than those conventional serum biomarkers. In recent years, EVs been expected to become new marker biopsy. This review summarizes progress several aspects including sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, technology isolation addition, study reviews challenges future research avenues field providing basis application miRNAs disease clinical diagnosis even point-of-care testing (POCT) platforms.

Language: Английский

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Urine biomarkers in bladder cancer — current status and future perspectives

Nature Reviews Urology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(10), P. 597 - 614

Published: May 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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Liquid biopsy in cancer current: status, challenges and future prospects

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Cancer has a high mortality rate across the globe, and tissue biopsy remains gold standard for tumor diagnosis due to its level of laboratory standardization, good consistency results, relatively stable samples, accuracy results. However, there are still many limitations drawbacks in application tumor. The emergence liquid provides new ideas early prognosis Compared with biopsy, advantages treatment various types cancer, including non-invasive, quickly so on. Currently, detection received widely attention. It is now undergoing rapid progress, it holds significant potential future applications. Around now, biopsies encompass several components such as circulating cells, DNA, exosomes, microRNA, RNA, platelets, endothelial cells. In addition, advances identification indicators have significantly enhanced possibility utilizing clinical settings. this review, we will discuss application, challenges some common tumors from perspective diverse systems tumors, look forward development prospects field cancer treatment.

Language: Английский

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Nanotechnology in Bladder Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment

Cancers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 2214 - 2214

Published: May 5, 2021

Bladder cancer (BC) is the second most common of urinary tract in men and fourth women, its incidence rises with age. There are many conventional methods for diagnosis treatment BC. some current biomarkers clinical tests For example, radiotherapy combined chemotherapy surgical, but residual tumor cells mostly cause recurrence. In addition, after transurethral resection causes high side effects, lack selectivity, low sensitivity sensing. Therefore, it essential to improve new procedures Nanotechnology has recently sparked an interest a variety areas, including medicine, chemistry, physics, biology. Nanoparticles (NP) have been used therapies as appropriate tools enhancing drug delivery efficacy enabling therapeutic performance. It noteworthy, nanomaterial could be reduced limitation treatments. Since, major disadvantages drugs their insolubility aqueous solvent, instance, paclitaxel (PTX) one important agents utilized treating BC, due ability prevent cell growth. However, problem poor solubility, which confirmed challenge when improving stable formulations BC treatment. order reduce this challenge, anti-cancer can loaded into NPs that water solubility. our review, we state several nanosystem, effective useful diagnosis, We investigate function metal NPs, polymeric liposomes, exosomes accompanied Therapy, then focused on potential nanotechnology approaches

Language: Английский

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SARS CoV-2 spike protein-guided exosome isolation facilitates detection of potential miRNA biomarkers in COVID-19 infections

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 61(8), P. 1518 - 1524

Published: March 27, 2023

Abstract Objectives Nearly three years into the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infections are occurring in vaccinated and naturally infected populations. While humoral cellular responses COVID-19 being characterized, novel immune biomarkers also identified. Recently, an increase angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expressing (aka, ACE2 positive) circulating exosomes (ExoACE2) were identified plasma of patients (El-Shennawy et al.). In this pilot study, we describe a method to characterize exosome-associated microRNA (exo-miRNA) signature ACE2-positive ACE2-negative exosomal populations (non-ExoACE2). Methods We performed sorting protocol using recombinant biotin-conjugated SARS CoV-2 spike protein containing receptor binding domain (RBD) on samples from six patients. Following purification, exo-miRNA characterized for exosome subpopulations by RT-PCR. Results differential expression several miRNA. Specifically let-7g-5p hsa-miR-4454+miR-7975 upregulated, while hsa-miR-208a-3p has-miR-323-3p downregulated ExoACE2 vs. non-ExoACE2. Conclusions The spike-protein guided isolation permits exosomes. Such purification facilitates detailed characterization potential (e.g. exo-miRNA) This could be used future studies further understanding mechanisms host response against CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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Broadband Photodetectors and Imagers in Stretchable Electronics Packaging

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(20)

Published: July 5, 2023

Abstract The integration of flexible electronics with optics can help realize a powerful tool that facilitates the creation smart society wherein internal evaluations be easily performed nondestructively from surface various objects is used or encountered in daily lives. Here, organic‐material‐based stretchable optical sensors and imagers possess both bending capability rubber‐like elasticity are reviewed. latest trends nondestructive evaluation equipment enable simple on‐site health conditions abnormalities discussed without subjecting targeted living bodies to mechanical stress. Real‐time performance under real‐life becoming increasingly important for creating societies interwoven technologies. In particular, terahertz (THz)‐wave region offers substance‐ state‐specific fingerprint spectrum enables instantaneous analyses. However, make THz accessible, following issues must addressed: broadband high‐sensitivity at room temperature, stretchability follow movements targets, digital transformation compatibility. materials, packaging, remote imaging systems overcome these detail. Ultimately, highly sensitive facilitate multifaceted solids, liquids, gases.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles transport RNA between cells: Unraveling their dual role in diagnostics and therapeutics

Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99, P. 101302 - 101302

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Modern methods of molecular diagnostics and therapy have revolutionized the field medicine in recent years by providing more precise effective tools for detecting treating diseases. This progress includes a growing exploration body's secreted vesicles, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), both diagnostic therapeutic purposes. EVs are heterogeneous population lipid bilayer almost every cell type studied so far. They detected body fluids conditioned culture media from living cells. play crucial role communication between cells organs, locally over long distances. recognized their ability to transport endogenous RNA proteins cells, including messenger (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), misfolded neurodegenerative proteins, several other biomolecules. review explores dual utilization EVs, serving not only purposes but also platform delivering molecules tissues. Through an composition, biogenesis, selective cargo packaging, we elucidate intricate mechanisms behind via highlighting potential use applications. Finally, it addresses challenges outlines prospective directions clinical EVs.

Language: Английский

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Stretchable broadband photo-sensor sheets for nonsampling, source-free, and label-free chemical monitoring by simple deformable wrapping

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(19)

Published: May 11, 2022

Chemical monitoring communicates diverse environmental information from industrial and biological processes. However, promising sustainable systems associated inspection devices that dynamically enable on-site quality of target chemicals confined inside transformable opaque channels are yet to be investigated. This paper designs stretchable photo-sensor patch sheets for nonsampling, source-free, label-free dynamic chemical liquids flowing soft tubes via simple deformable surface wrapping. The device integrates carbon nanotube-based broadband photo-absorbent thin films with multilayer-laminated electrodes substrates. patterned rigid-soft structure the proposed provides durability optical stability against mechanical deformations a stretchability range 70 280%, enabling shape-conformable attachments objects. effective use omnidirectional transparent blackbody radiation free-form targets themselves allows compact measurement configuration enhances functionality simplicity this scheme, while presenting technology monitors concentrations arbitrary water-soluble chemicals.

Language: Английский

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Urinary markers for bladder cancer diagnosis: A review of current status and future challenges

International Journal of Urology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(3), P. 208 - 219

Published: Nov. 15, 2023

Abstract Bladder cancer is a common urological with high recurrence rate that requires long‐term follow‐up, and early detection positively affects prognosis. To date, the initial diagnosis follow‐up for bladder rely on cystoscopy, which an invasive expensive procedure. Therefore, urinary markers of have attracted research attention decades to reduce unnecessary cystoscopies. Urine, in continuous contact cancer, considered suitable fluid providing tumor information. Urinary cytology only widely used marker clinical practice; however, it has poor sensitivity low‐grade tumors; indicating need novel markers. Considerable been conducted this topic over years, resulting complex landscape wide range markers, including protein‐, exfoliated cell‐, RNA‐, DNA‐, extracellular vesicle‐based Although some these approved by U.S. Food Drug Administration are commercially available, their use practice limited. facilitate application, potential must withstand prospective trials be easy patients clinicians understand utilize context. This review provides comprehensive overview currently available recently reported promising cancer. Additionally, challenges prospects implementation treatment were discussed.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic and Immunological Features of Bladder Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(12), P. 9854 - 9854

Published: June 7, 2023

Bladder cancer (BLCA) is one of the most common types malignant tumors urogenital system in adults. Globally, incidence BLCA more than 500,000 new cases worldwide annually, and every year, number registered increases noticeably. Currently, diagnosis based on cystoscopy cytological examination urine additional laboratory instrumental studies. However, an invasive study, voided cytology has a low level sensitivity, so there clear need to develop reliable markers test systems for detecting disease with high sensitivity specificity. Human body fluids (urine, serum, plasma) are known contain significant amounts tumorigenic nucleic acids, circulating immune cells proinflammatory mediators that can serve as noninvasive biomarkers, particularly useful early detection, follow-up patients, personalization their treatment. The review describes advances epigenetics BLCA.

Language: Английский

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