Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance: The Most Critical Pathogens

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 1310 - 1310

Published: Oct. 12, 2021

Antibiotics have made it possible to treat bacterial infections such as meningitis and bacteraemia that, prior their introduction, were untreatable consequently fatal. Unfortunately, in recent decades overuse misuse of antibiotics well social economic factors accelerated the spread antibiotic-resistant bacteria, making drug treatment ineffective. Currently, at least 700,000 people worldwide die each year due antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Without new better treatments, World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that this number could rise 10 million by 2050, highlighting a health concern not secondary importance. In February 2017, light increasing antibiotic resistance, WHO published list pathogens includes designated acronym ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species) which given highest "priority status" since they represent great threat humans. Understanding mechanisms these bacteria is key step development drugs tackle drug-resistant bacteria. review, both mode action commonly used antimicrobials will be examined. It also discusses current state AMR most critical resistant determined WHO's global priority list.

Language: Английский

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa: pathogenesis, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, interaction with host, technology advances and emerging therapeutics

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: June 25, 2022

Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. ) is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that infects patients with cystic fibrosis, burn wounds, immunodeficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), cancer, and severe infection requiring ventilation, such as COVID-19. also widely-used model bacterium for all biological areas. In addition to continued, intense efforts in understanding bacterial pathogenesis of including virulence factors (LPS, quorum sensing, two-component systems, 6 type secretion outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), CRISPR-Cas their regulation), rapid progress has been made further studying host-pathogen interaction, particularly host immune networks involving autophagy, inflammasome, non-coding RNAs, cGAS, etc . Furthermore, numerous technologic advances, bioinformatics, metabolomics, scRNA-seq, nanoparticles, drug screening, phage therapy, have used improve our defense. Nevertheless, much remains be uncovered about interactions between responses, mechanisms resistance by known or unannotated well mammalian cell signaling pathways. The widespread use antibiotics the slow development effective antimicrobials present daunting challenges necessitate new theoretical practical platforms screen develop mechanism-tested novel drugs treat intractable infections, especially those caused multi-drug strains. Benefited from advancing research tools technology, dissecting this pathogen’s feature entered into molecular mechanistic details dynamic holistic views. Herein, we comprehensively review discuss current status biophysical traits, behaviors, factors, invasive regulators, defense patterns against its infection, which point out directions future investigation add design and/or alternative therapeutics combat clinically significant pathogen.

Language: Английский

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Infections, Animal Modeling, and Therapeutics

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 199 - 199

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

is an important Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen which causes many severe acute and chronic infections with high morbidity, mortality rates as 40%. What makes

Language: Английский

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Clinical data from studies involving novel antibiotics to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 60(3), P. 106633 - 106633

Published: July 1, 2022

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) pose a critical threat to global healthcare, worsening outcomes and increasing mortality among infected patients. Carbapenemase- extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales, as well carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas Acinetobacter spp., are common MDR pathogens. New antibiotics combinations have been developed address this threat. Clinical trial findings support several combinations, notably ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA, cephalosporin-β-lactamase inhibitor combination), which is effective in treating complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI), intra-abdominal hospital-acquired ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by GNBs. Other clinically include meropenem-vaborbactam (MVB), ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T) imipenem-relebactam (I-R). Cefiderocol recent siderophore β-lactam antibiotic that useful against cUTIs carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) stable many β-lactamases. Carbapenem-resistant genetically heterogeneous group vary different world regions substantial cause of infections, Klebsiella pneumoniae the most common. Susceptible CRE can be treated with fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides or fosfomycin, but alternatives CZA, MVB, I-R, cefiderocol, tigecycline eravacycline. baumannii aeruginosa increasingly pathogens producing range carbapenemases, challenging treat, often requiring novel combinations. Currently, no single agent treat all MDR-GNB new β-lactam-β-lactamase for infection sites and, when used appropriately, potential improve outcomes. This article reviews clinical studies investigating approaches treatment infections.

Language: Английский

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A typical biofilm forming pathogen and an emerging but underestimated pathogen in food processing

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. ) is a notorious gram-negative pathogenic microorganism, because of several virulence factors, biofilm forming capability, as well antimicrobial resistance. In addition, the appearance antibiotic-resistant strains resulting from misuse and overuse antibiotics increases morbidity mortality in immunocompromised patients. However, it has been underestimated foodborne pathogen various food groups for instance water, milk, meat, fruits, vegetables. Chemical preservatives that are commonly used to suppress growth source microorganisms can cause problems with safety. For these reasons, finding effective, healthy safer, natural alternative agents processing extremely important. this review, our ultimate goal cover recent advances safety related including resistance, major prevention measures. It worth noting spoilage caused by should arouse wide concerns consumers supervision department.

Language: Английский

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Antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: navigating clinical impacts, current resistance trends, and innovations in breaking therapies

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 5, 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa , a Gram-negative bacterium, is recognized for its adaptability and opportunistic nature. It poses substantial challenge in clinical settings due to complicated antibiotic resistance mechanisms, biofilm formation, capacity persistent infections both animal human hosts. Recent studies revealed potential zoonotic transmission of P. between animals, the environment, populations which highlights awareness this microbe. Implementation One Health approach, underscores connection human, animal, environmental health, we aim offer comprehensive perspective on current landscape management. This review presents innovative strategies designed counteract infections. Traditional antibiotics, while effective many cases, are increasingly compromised by development multidrug-resistant strains. Non-antibiotic avenues, such as quorum sensing inhibition, phage therapy, nanoparticle-based treatments, emerging promising alternatives. However, their application encounters obstacles like cost, side effects, safety concerns. Effectively addressing necessitates research efforts, advancements development, comprehension host-pathogen interactions deal with resilient pathogen.

Language: Английский

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Medical Device-Associated Biofilm Infections and Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 393 - 393

Published: May 8, 2024

Medical devices such as venous catheters (VCs) and urinary (UCs) are widely used in the hospital setting. However, implantation of these is often accompanied by complications. About 60 to 70% nosocomial infections (NIs) linked biofilms. The main complication ability microorganisms adhere surfaces form biofilms which protect them help persist host. Indeed, crossing skin barrier, insertion VC inevitably allows flora or accidental environmental contaminants access underlying tissues cause fatal complications like bloodstream (BSIs). In fact, 80,000 central catheters-BSIs (CVC-BSIs)-mainly occur intensive care units (ICUs) with a death rate 12 25%. Similarly, catheter-associated tract (CA-UTIs) most commonlyhospital-acquired (HAIs) worldwide.These represent up 40% NIs.In this review, we present summary biofilm formation steps. We provide an overview two important clinical settings medical devices, namely catheter-asociated (CA-BSIs) (CA-UTIs), highlight also multidrug resistant bacteria implicated infections. Furthermore, draw attention toseveral useful prevention strategies, advanced antimicrobial antifouling approaches developed reduce bacterial colonization on catheter incidence catheter-related

Language: Английский

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Foam control in biotechnological processes—challenges and opportunities

Discover Chemical Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Abstract Foam formation is a massive challenge in submerged aerated bioprocesses, e.g., beer fermentation. While the use of antifoam may easily overcome foaming at laboratory scale, it often an unattractive solution since remains future upscaling, as reduced mass transfer and extra steps product purification analytics result increased costs. Interestingly, number studies tackling this relatively low, although literature suggests range alternatives, from avoiding to means controlling or even using situ removal. Here we give overview topic five subsections. (1) We argue that sound understanding molecular origin can facilitate solutions for overcoming while introducing some long-known challenges (i.e., fermentation). then review (2) apparent avoidance foam before (3) summarize possibilities reduce control after its formation. Subsequently, (4), discuss possible take advantage formation, example, via fractionation Finally, (5), provide microbial strain engineering approaches cope with aspects fermentations. With review, would like sensitize inform interested reader offering current expert, particularly regard special issue Discover Chemical Engineering.

Language: Английский

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Roles of Two-Component Systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(22), P. 12152 - 12152

Published: Nov. 10, 2021

is an opportunistic pathogen that synthesizes and secretes a wide range of virulence factors.

Language: Английский

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Precision‐cut lung slices: A powerful ex vivo model to investigate respiratory infectious diseases

Molecular Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 117(3), P. 578 - 588

Published: Sept. 27, 2021

Abstract Respiratory infections are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Most the research on underlying disease mechanisms is based cell culture, organoid, or surrogate animal models. Although these provide important insights, they have limitations. Cell culture models fail to recapitulate cellular interactions in lung and often do not permit high‐throughput analysis drugs pathogen isolates; hence, there need for improved, scalable Precision‐cut slices (PCLS), small, uniform tissue generated from human lungs increasingly recognized employed as an ex vivo organotypic model. PCLS retain remarkable complexity architecture lung, providing platform investigate respiratory pathogens near‐native environment. Here, we review generation features PCLS, their use pathogenesis viral bacterial pathogens, highlight potential advance infection future.

Language: Английский

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