Progress in Alternative Strategies to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance: Focus on Antibiotics

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 200 - 200

Published: Feb. 4, 2022

Antibiotic resistance, and, in a broader perspective, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), continues to evolve and spread beyond all boundaries. As result, infectious diseases have become more challenging or even impossible treat, leading an increase morbidity mortality. Despite the failure of conventional, traditional therapy, past two decades, no novel class antibiotics has been introduced. Consequently, several alternative strategies combat these (multi-) drug-resistant microorganisms identified. The purpose this review is gather consider that are being applied proposed as potential alternatives antibiotics. These include combination techniques target enzymes proteins responsible for resistant bacteria, drug delivery systems, physicochemical methods, unconventional techniques, including CRISPR-Cas system. may change treatment multi-drug-resistant pathogens human clinical settings.

Language: Английский

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Urinary Tract Infections: The Current Scenario and Future Prospects

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 623 - 623

Published: April 20, 2023

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial worldwide, occurring in both community and healthcare settings. Although clinical symptoms of UTIs heterogeneous range from uncomplicated (uUTIs) to complicated (cUTIs), usually treated empirically. Bacteria main causative agents these infections, although more rarely, other microorganisms, such as fungi some viruses, have been reported be responsible for UTIs. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is agent uUTIs cUTIs, followed by pathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus spp. In addition, incidence caused multidrug resistance (MDR) increasing, resulting a significant increase spread antibiotic economic burden infections. Here, we discuss various factors associated with UTIs, including mechanisms pathogenicity related bacteria that cause emergence increasing UTI pathogens.

Language: Английский

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Targeting the Holy Triangle of Quorum Sensing, Biofilm Formation, and Antibiotic Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 1239 - 1239

Published: June 16, 2022

Chronic and recurrent bacterial infections are frequently associated with the formation of biofilms on biotic or abiotic materials that composed mono- multi-species cultures bacteria/fungi embedded in an extracellular matrix produced by microorganisms. Biofilm is, among others, regulated quorum sensing (QS) which is interbacterial communication system usually two-component systems (TCSs) secreted autoinducer compounds activate signal transduction pathways through interaction their respective receptors. Embedded biofilms, bacteria protected from environmental stress stimuli, they often show reduced responses to antibiotics, making it difficult eradicate infection. Besides penetration antibiotics intricate structure sessile biofilm-embedded metabolic activity them intrinsically less sensitive antibiotics. Moreover, express elevated levels efflux pumps extrude thereby reducing intracellular levels. Some involved secretion QS biofilm-related materials, besides being important for removing toxic substances bacteria. pump inhibitors (EPIs) have been shown both prevent biofilm sensitize suggesting a relationship between these processes. Additionally, quenchers may affect antibiotic susceptibility. Thus, targeting elements regulate might be promising approach combat antibiotic-resistant infections.

Language: Английский

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Design and Synthesis of Novel Antimicrobial Agents

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 628 - 628

Published: March 22, 2023

The necessity for the discovery of innovative antimicrobials to treat life-threatening diseases has increased as multidrug-resistant bacteria spread. Due antibiotics’ availability over counter in many nations, antibiotic resistance is linked overuse, abuse, and misuse these drugs. World Health Organization (WHO) recognized 12 families that present greatest harm human health, where options therapy are extremely limited. Therefore, this paper reviews possible new ways development novel classes antibiotics which there no pre-existing bacterial pathogens. By utilizing research technology such nanotechnology computational methods (such silico Fragment-based drug design (FBDD)), been an improvement antimicrobial actions selectivity with target sites. Moreover, alternatives, peptides, essential oils, anti-Quorum sensing agents, darobactins, vitamin B6, bacteriophages, odilorhabdins, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, cannabinoids. Additionally, repurposing ticagrelor, mitomycin C, auranofin, pentamidine, zidovudine) synthesis antibacterial agents (including lactones, piperidinol, sugar-based bactericides, isoxazole, carbazole, pyrimidine, pyrazole derivatives) represent approaches treating infectious diseases. Nonetheless, prodrugs (e.g., siderophores) have recently shown be excellent platform a generation better efficacy against bacteria. Ultimately, combat resistant stop spread illnesses, regulations public education regarding use hospitals agricultural sector should combined technological advancements.

Language: Английский

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Potential Causes of Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance and Preventive Measures in One Health Perspective-A Review

Infection and Drug Resistance, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: Volume 16, P. 7515 - 7545

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance, referring to microorganisms' capability subsist and proliferate even when there are antimicrobials is a foremost threat public health globally. The appearance of antimicrobial resistance can be ascribed anthropological, animal, environmental factors. Human-related causes include overuse misuse in medicine, antibiotic-containing cosmetics biocides utilization, inadequate sanitation hygiene settings. Prophylactic therapeutic overuse, using as feed additives, microbes resistant antibiotics genes animal excreta, residue found animal-origin food excreta animals related contributive factors for the antibiotic emergence spread. Environmental including naturally existing genes, improper disposal unused antimicrobials, contamination from waste settings, farms, pharmaceutical industries, use agricultural chemicals facilitatet its Wildlife has plausible role Adopting one-health approach involving properly humans, improving spaces implementing coordinated governmental regulations crucial combating resistance. Collaborative cooperative involvement stakeholders public, veterinary ecological sectors circumvent problem effectively. Keywords: one health, gene, environment, wildlife

Language: Английский

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Immunomodulatory biomaterials against bacterial infections: Progress, challenges, and future perspectives

The Innovation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(6), P. 100503 - 100503

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

•Insights into the intricate facets of immune microenvironment hold key to pioneering clinical strategies in combatting bacterial infections.•The design principles for antimicrobial biomaterials vary depending on at different stages infection.•Immunomodulatory display robust efficacy and vaccine attributes animals trials, promising intractable infections. Bacterial infectious diseases are one leading causes death worldwide. Even with use multiple antibiotic treatment strategies, 4.95 million people died from drug-resistant infections 2019. By 2050, number deaths will reach 10 annually. The increasing mortality may be partly due heterogeneity infection microenvironment, such as bacteria, biofilms, persister cells, intracellular small colony variants. In addition, complexity makes direct activity unsatisfactory long-term chronic attributed failing modulate active action cells. Therefore, there is an urgent need effective alternatives treat Accordingly, development immunomodulatory has recently received considerable interest; however, a comprehensive review their research progress lacking. this review, we focus mainly future perspectives used infection. First, describe characteristics acute phases Then, highlight corresponding advantages disadvantages. Moreover, discuss biomaterial-mediated vaccines' potential applications challenges activating innate adaptive memory. This serve reference studies develop next-generation accelerate translation practice.

Language: Английский

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Global Strategies to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance: A One Health Perspective

Pharmacology &amp Pharmacy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(08), P. 271 - 328

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health challenge that has escalated due to the inappropriate use of antimicrobials in humans, animals, and environment. Developing implementing strategies reduce combat AMR critical. Purpose: This study aimed highlight some can be implemented address using One Health approach. Methods: employed narrative review design included studies published from January 2002 July 2023. The searched for literature on antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) PubMed Google Scholar 2020 PRISMA guidelines. Results: reveals remains significant public problem. Its severity been markedly exacerbated by broader ecological Several have developed AMR, including Global Action Plan (GAP), National Plans (NAPs), AMS programs, implementation AWaRe classification antimicrobials. These also involve strengthening surveillance consumption resistance, encouraging development new antimicrobials, enhancing regulations around prescribing, dispensing, usage. Additional measures include promoting partnerships, combating substandard falsified advocating vaccinations, sanitation, hygiene biosecurity, as well exploring alternatives However, these faces various challenges. challenges low awareness knowledge shortage human resources capacity building AMS, adequate funding initiatives, limited laboratory capacities surveillance, behavioural change issues, ineffective leadership multidisciplinary teams. Conclusion: In conclusion, this established prevalent among Successfully addressing calls collaborative, multifaceted Despite this, gaps remain effectively currently recommended AMR. As result, it essential reinforce are deployed counter across human, animal, environmental sectors.

Language: Английский

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Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance: The Most Critical Pathogens

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 116 - 116

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Antibiotics primarily act on bacterial growth by eliminating bacteria or preventing them from reproducing and spreading [...].

Language: Английский

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Multimetallic transition metal complexes:Luminescent probes for biomolecule sensing, ion detection, imaging and therapeutic application

Coordination Chemistry Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 504, P. 215656 - 215656

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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Molecular Aspects of the Functioning of Pathogenic Bacteria Biofilm Based on Quorum Sensing (QS) Signal-Response System and Innovative Non-Antibiotic Strategies for Their Elimination

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 2655 - 2655

Published: Feb. 24, 2024

One of the key mechanisms enabling bacterial cells to create biofilms and regulate crucial life functions in a global highly synchronized way is communication system called quorum sensing (QS). QS cell-to-cell process that depends on population density mediated by small signalling molecules autoinducers (AIs). In bacteria, controls biofilm formation through regulation gene expression involved extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS) synthesis, virulence factor production, stress tolerance metabolic adaptation. Forming one antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A common feature human pathogens ability form biofilm, which poses serious medical issue due their high susceptibility traditional antibiotics. Because associated with formation, there belief inhibition activity quenching (QQ) may provide alternative therapeutic methods for treating microbial infections. This review summarises recent progress research, focusing biofilms, especially those formed pathogenic become resistant antibiotic treatment. Subsequently, potential approach highlighting innovative non-antibiotic strategies control AMR bacteria has been discussed.

Language: Английский

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