Gender Differences in the Pathogenesis and Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 984 - 984

Published: July 11, 2023

Several chronic liver diseases are characterized by a clear gender disparity. Among them, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows significantly higher incidence rates in men than women. The different epidemiological distribution of risk factors for disease and HCC only partially accounts these differences. In fact, the is an organ with recognized sexual dysmorphism extremely sensitive to action androgens estrogens. Sex hormones act modulating developing influencing its aggressiveness, response treatments, prognosis. Furthermore, estrogens able modulate other cofactors damage (e.g., HBV infection, obesity), their carcinogenic power. purpose this review examine related as well pathophysiological mechanisms involved, particular reference central role played sex hormones.

Language: Английский

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Contributing roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatocyte apoptosis in liver diseases through oxidative stress, post-translational modifications, inflammation, and intestinal barrier dysfunction

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81(1)

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Abstract This review provides an update on recent findings from basic, translational, and clinical studies the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction apoptosis hepatocytes in multiple liver diseases, including but not limited to alcohol-associated disease (ALD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic (MASLD), drug-induced injury (DILI). While ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1) is mainly responsible for oxidizing binge alcohol via microsomal ethanol system, it also metabolizing many xenobiotics, pollutants, chemicals, drugs, specific diets abundant n-6 fatty acids, into toxic metabolites organs, liver, causing pathological insults through organelles such as mitochondria endoplasmic reticula. Oxidative imbalances (oxidative stress) promote covalent modifications lipids, proteins, nucleic acids enzymatic non-enzymatic mechanisms. Excessive changes stimulate various post-translational (PTMs) transcription factors, histones. Increased PTMs proteins inactivate enzymes involved reduction oxidative species, acid metabolism, mitophagy pathways, leading dysfunction, energy depletion, apoptosis. Unique other organelles, control signaling cascades bioenergetics (fat metabolism), inflammation, apoptosis/necrosis hepatocytes. When homeostasis shifted, these pathways become altered or shut down, likely contributing death with activation inflammation hepatic stellate cells, fibrosis cirrhosis. will encapsulate how contributes hepatocyte several types diseases order provide recommendations targeted therapeutics.

Language: Английский

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Structure and hepatoprotective activity of Usp10/NF-κB/Nrf2 pathway-related Morchella esculenta polysaccharide

Carbohydrate Polymers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 303, P. 120453 - 120453

Published: Dec. 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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A Meta-Analysis of Statin Use and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022, P. 1 - 15

Published: March 20, 2022

Background. The use of statins is a potential protective factor against the development hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, we conducted meta-analysis to evaluate contribution risk Methods. We searched for PubMed and EMBASE through January 2021. Results. Thirty-two studies (eighteen cohort, eleven case-control, three randomized controlled trials) reporting 56,838 cases carcinoma in 4,963,518 persons were included. Statin users less likely develop than nonusers (adjusted odds ratio, 0.58; 95% CI: 0.51–0.67). Stratified analysis showed that reduced Asian Western populations (odds 0.54 vs. 0.60). Besides, have effects after hepatitis B virus 0.44; 0.22–0.85) C infections 0.53; 0.49–0.57). Statins on people with chronic liver disease 0.52; 0.40–0.68) general population 0.60; 0.50–0.72). Lipophilic can prevent 0.51, 0.46–0.57), while hydrophilic cannot 0.77, 0.58–1.02). single-drug analyses simvastatin 0.53, 0.48–0.59), atorvastatin 0.54, 0.45–0.64), rosuvastatin 0.55, 0.37–0.83), lovastatin 0.30, 0.15–0.62), pitavastatin 0.36, 0.17–0.75) had significant benefits. Further shown those high-dose group experienced better preventing hazard 0.38 0.55). research found combined aspirin did not increase chemoprevention effect cancer 0.57; 0.40–0.81). In addition, preventive improved extension follow-up time 0.65). Conclusion. Our shows associated lower cancer.

Language: Английский

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Perspectives on the Underlying Etiology of HCC and Its Effects on Treatment Outcomes

Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: Volume 10, P. 413 - 428

Published: March 1, 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to be a serious medical problem with poor prognosis worldwide. The distribution of the major etiologies HCC is changing due progress anti-viral treatments, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) suppression by nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NAs) and increased sustained virologic response (SVR) rates direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for C (HCV), as well rising trend nonviral liver disease. Although viral remains most common cause HCC, non-alcoholic disease (NAFLD) metabolic syndrome alcohol-associated (ALD) are increasing. Effective well-tolerated NAs treatment can slow progression chronic HBV infection cirrhosis, end-stage disease, reduce risk. Treatment also associated significant improvement in long-term survival patients who already have HCC. DAAs achieved elimination almost all HCV without adverse events, even decompensated cirrhosis Similarly, DAA therapy progression, non-liver complications, improve or Meanwhile, NAFLD rapidly increasing along epidemics obesity type 2 diabetes globally. NAFLD-related occur known lower rate than hepatitis-related Since there currently no specific pharmacotherapy effective NAFLD, lifestyle modification prevention complications important prognosis. Additionally, ALD second fastest-growing HCC-related deaths, especially an accelerated since COVID-19 pandemic. This review provides overview epidemiologic trends treatments each etiology impact on outcome

Language: Английский

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灯盏花乙素通过调节Nrf2/HO-1通路抑制氧化应激以及通过调节AKT、 p38MAPK/NF-κB通路抑制炎症反应预防急性酒精性肝损伤

Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 617 - 631

Published: March 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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Socio‐economic association of alcohol use disorder and cardiovascular and alcohol‐associated liver disease from 2010 to 2019

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(3), P. 340 - 349

Published: May 29, 2024

Summary Backgrounds and Aims Alcohol use leads to disabilities deaths worldwide. It not only harms the liver but also causes alcohol disorder (AUD) heart disease. Additionally, consumption contributes health disparities among different socio‐economic groups. Methods We estimated global regional trends in burden of AUD, disease, cardiovascular disease from using methodology Global Burden Disease study. Results In 2019, highest disability‐adjusted life years rate per 100,000 population was due AUD (207.31 [95% Uncertainty interval (UI) 163.71–261.66]), followed by alcohol‐associated (ALD) (133.31 UI 112.68–156.17]). The prevalence decreased for (APC [annual percentage change] −0.38%) alcohol‐induced cardiomyopathy −1.85%) increased ALD 0.44%) cancer 0.53%). Although mortality 0.30%), rates other diseases decreased. Between 2010 complications countries with low low‐middle sociodemographic index (SDI), contributing more significantly burden. Conclusion liver, has been high increasing over past decade, particularly complications. Lower SDI are this There is a pressing need effective strategies address escalating

Language: Английский

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High Fischer ratio oligopeptides from Antarctic krill: Ameliorating function and mechanism to alcoholic liver injury through regulating AMPK/Nrf2/IκBα pathways

Journal of Functional Foods, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 122, P. 106537 - 106537

Published: Oct. 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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Glucosamine attenuates alcohol-induced acute liver injury via inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation

Current Research in Food Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8, P. 100699 - 100699

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Alcohol liver disease (ALD) is a caused by long-term heavy drinking. Glucosamine (GLC) an amino monosaccharide that plays very important role in the synthesis of human and animal cartilage. GLC commonly used treatment mild to moderate osteoarthritis has good anti-inflammatory antioxidant properties. In this study, alcoholic injury models were constructed mice normal hepatocyte L02 cells explore protective effect mechanism on ALD. Mice given gavage for 30 days. Liver both produced ethanol. Detecting levels biomarkers, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress inflammatory factors through different reagent kits. Exploring pathways mouse tissue Western blot RT-PCR. The results showed can significantly inhibit abnormal increase aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density (LDL-C), improve level high-density (HDL-C). addition, intervention improved alcohol induced hepatic reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and, increasing glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) superoxide dismutase (SOD) liver. Further mechanisms suggest expression ethanol metabolism enzyme cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1), activate pathway Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1, down-regulate phosphorylation MAPK NF-κB signaling pathways, thus reduce tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) interleukin-6 (IL-6). Therefore, may be significant candidate functional food attenuating acute injury.

Language: Английский

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Alcohol in Daily Products: Health Risks, Cultural Considerations, and Economic Impacts

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 18, P. 217 - 237

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Ethanol, a bioactive compound prevalent in both social and industrial applications, is present alcoholic beverages as well range of everyday products. In food, ethanol functions primarily an additive or by-product fermentation, while pharmaceuticals cosmetics, it serves solvent preservative. Despite its widespread use, three critical research gaps exist current literature. First, existing focuses predominantly on single-sector analyses, overlooking the cumulative effects cross-sectoral exposure. Second, despite growing global market integration, there limited understanding how cultural religious requirements influence ethanol-related regulations product formulations. Third, economic models fail to integrate health impact costs compliance expenses, hindering effective policy development. The World Health Organization has determined that no amount alcohol consumption can be considered entirely safe, ethanol's impacts include contributions chronic diseases, neurotoxicity, potential carcinogenic effects. These risks are compounded by pervasive often unrecognized presence various products, particularly affecting vulnerable populations. burden associated with alcohol-related issues, including lost productivity healthcare costs, highlights necessity for robust public strategies stringent regulatory guidelines. This review investigates role across multiple domains, emphasizing medicine, evaluates broader implications health, practices, impact. recommend implementing standardized labeling systems, establishing cultural-sensitive alternatives formulations, developing harmonized international guidelines use industries.

Language: Английский

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