Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Gliomas

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(19), P. 10373 - 10373

Published: Sept. 26, 2021

Gliomas are the most common central nervous system tumors. New technologies, including genetic research and advanced statistical methods, revolutionize therapeutic approach to patient reveal new points of treatment options. Moreover, 2021 World Health Organization Classification Tumors Central Nervous System has fundamentally changed classification gliomas incorporated many molecular biomarkers. Given rapid progress in neuro-oncology, here we compile latest on prognostic predictive biomarkers gliomas. In adult patients, IDH mutations positive markers have greatest significance. However, CDKN2A deletion, IDH-mutant astrocytomas, is a marker highest malignancy grade. presence TERT promoter mutations, EGFR alterations, or combination chromosome 7 gain 10 loss upgrade IDH-wildtype astrocytoma glioblastoma. pediatric H3F3A alterations important which predict worse outcome. MGMT methylation clinical significance predicting responses temozolomide (TMZ). Conversely, mismatch repair defects cause hypermutation phenotype poor response TMZ. Finally, discussed liquid biopsies, promising diagnostic, prognostic, techniques, but further work needed implement these novel technologies practice.

Language: Английский

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Non-coding RNA in cancer drug resistance: Underlying mechanisms and clinical applications

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

Cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignant diseases worldwide, posing a serious, long-term threat to patients’ health and life. Systemic chemotherapy remains first-line therapeutic approach for recurrent or metastatic cancer patients after surgery, with potential effectively extend patient survival. However, development drug resistance seriously limits clinical efficiency ultimately results in treatment failure death. A large number studies have shown that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs, long RNAs, circular are widely involved regulation resistance. Their dysregulation contributes by modulating expression specific target genes cellular apoptosis, autophagy, efflux, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stem cells (CSCs). Moreover, some ncRNAs also possess great as efficient, biomarkers diagnosis prognosis well targets patients. In this review, we summarize recent findings on emerging role underlying mechanisms focus their applications treatment. This information will be benefit early prognostic assessments ncRNA-based strategies

Language: Английский

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Long non-coding RNA in glioma: novel genetic players in temozolomide resistance

Animal Cells and Systems, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 19 - 28

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and accounts for approximately 80% of central nervous system tumors. In 2021, World Health Organization (WHO) published a new taxonomy glioma based on its histological features molecular alterations. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) catalyzes decarboxylation isocitrate, critical metabolic reaction energy generation cells. Mutations IDH genes interrupt cell differentiation serve as biomarkers that can be used to classify gliomas. For example, mutant widely detected low-grade gliomas, whereas wild type high-grade ones, including glioblastomas. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are epigenetically involved gene expression contribute development. To investigate potential use lncRNAs biomarkers, we examined lncRNA dysregulation dependent mutation status. We found several lncRNAs, namely, AL606760.2, H19, MALAT1, PVT1 SBF2-AS1 may function risk factors, AC068643.1, AC079228.1, DGCR5, FAM13A-AS1, HAR1A WDFY3-AS2 have protective effects. Notably, PVT1, been associated with temozolomide resistance patients. This review study suggests targeting glioma-associated might aid treatment glioma.

Language: Английский

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Factors and molecular mechanisms of radiation resistance in cancer cells

International Journal of Radiation Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 98(8), P. 1301 - 1315

Published: Feb. 28, 2022

The aim of this work is to review the published studies on radiation resistance mechanisms and molecular markers involved in different tumors. revision has been focused last 5 years (2016-2021).Radioresistance a cause concern as it causes failure therapy subsequent tumor relapse. Combination chemotherapy are clinically successful treating many types Despite continued improvements cancer treatment, locoregional recurrence or metastatic spread continues occur high proportion patients after being treated with combination treatments. There strong evidence that stem cells contribute resistance, contributing treatment failure. tumors not fully understood. A better understanding associated signaling pathways regulate will open up new strategies for by therapy. Radiation can damage malignant mainly induction DNA double-strand breaks. However, some appear resistant repopulate following leading over time treatment. Native induced resistance. It described numerous acting through action such apoptosis alterations cell growth, proliferation repair, hypoxia, increase invasiveness migration capacity, cycle alterations, expression heat shock proteins, among others. Therefore, multifactorial phenomenon that, types, occurs regulatory which molecules intervene. Resistance be acquired altering knowledge could help classification more aggressive

Language: Английский

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Combined Effect of Conventional Chemotherapy with Epigenetic Modulators on Glioblastoma

Genes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 138 - 138

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Background/Objectives: Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, characterized by necrosis, uncontrolled proliferation, infiltration, angiogenesis, apoptosis resistance, and genomic instability. Epigenetic modifiers hold promise as adjuvant therapies for gliomas, with synergistic combinations being explored to enhance efficacy reduce toxicity. This study aimed evaluate effects of single or combined treatments various anticancer drugs (Carboplatin, Paclitaxel, Avastin), natural compounds (Quercetin), epigenetic modulators (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid 5-Azacytidine) on expression some long noncoding RNAs methylation drivers functional features in U87-MG cell line. Methods: Treated untreated cells were used evaluation drug-induced cytotoxicity, apoptotic events, distribution cycle phases, detection cytokine release, assessment gene global methylation. Results: Cytotoxicity assays led selection drug concentrations be further experiments. Expression analysis revealed distinct downregulation nearly all investigated genes following treatments. All resulted a higher percentage compared controls. effectively increased levels apoptosis, while exhibited lower proliferation profile, showing elevated values lysis. Conclusions: The results indicate link between Carboplatin Avastin DNA mechanisms involving EZH2, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, Avastin’s direct impact these enzymes warranting study. research underscores platinum-based reactivate silenced tumor suppressor optimize profiles.

Language: Английский

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Circadian genes and non-coding RNAs: interactions and implications in cancer

Animal Cells and Systems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 135 - 148

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Circadian rhythms are 24-hour cycles in various biological processes, such as sleep, wake, and hormone secretion, controlled by an internal clock. Disruption of circadian has been related to human diseases. Abnormal expression rhythm-related genes, CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1, PER2, CRY1, CRY2, RORα, NPAS2, REV-ERBα TIMELESS also reported be associated with cancer. NPAS2 cancer development. In contrast, RORα inhibit development progression. Furthermore, studies suggest that genes can regulated ncRNAs miRNAs, lncRNAs circRNAs dysregulation these contributes Here, we summarize the mechanisms whereby ncRNA leads abnormal several cancers gene-associated regulatory contribute resistance chemo – radiotherapy. This review provides insights into mechanistic involvements network

Language: Английский

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MALAT1-regulated gene expression profiling in lung cancer cell lines

BMC Cancer, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Sept. 4, 2023

Abstract Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of and has a poor prognosis. Identifying biomarkers based on molecular mechanisms critical for early diagnosis, timely treatment, improved prognosis cancer. MALAT1 been reported to have overexpressed tumor-promoting functions in NSCLC. It proposed as potential biomarker diagnosis Therefore, this study was conducted profile changes gene expression according regulation NSCLC lines investigate correlation through bioinformatic analysis differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Methods levels were measured using RT-qPCR. The biological analyzed by counting, colony forming, wound-healing, Transwell invasion assays. In addition, profiling response knockdown transcriptome sequencing, regulated performed GO KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. Bioinformatic databases used overall survival analysis. Results Comparative versus MRC5 cells (a normal line) three showed that significantly higher cells. decreased survival, proliferation, migration, all lines. RNA-seq DEGs 198 upregulated 266 downregulated Survival these OncoLnc database resulted selection five DEGs, phosphoglycerate mutase 1 ( PGAM1 ), 4 PGAM4 nucleolar protein 6 NOL6 nucleosome assembly like 5 NAP1L5 sestrin1 SESN1 ). selected proved TNMplot database. Conclusion might function an oncogene enhances formation, invasion. analyses , which found be closely related patient tumorigenesis. We believe further investigation will provide valuable information oncogenic role

Language: Английский

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LncRNA Polymorphisms and Lung Cancer Risk

Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. 511 - 522

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Lung cancer (LC) imposes a significant burden, and is associated with high mortality morbidity among malignant tumors. Aberrant expression of particular lncRNAs closely linked to LC. LncRNA polymorphisms cause abnormal levels and/or structural dysfunction. They can affect the progression cancer, survival, response chemotherapy recurrence rates in patients. The present article provides comprehensive overview effect lncRNA genetic on It proposed that lncRNA-related variants be used predict risk therapeutic outcomes. More large-scale trials diverse ethnic groups are required validate results, thus personalizing LC therapy based genotypes.

Language: Английский

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The pathogenesis mechanism and potential clinical value of lncRNA in gliomas

Discover Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 5, 2024

Abstract Glioma is the most common malignant tumor in central nervous system, and its unique pathogenesis often leads to poor treatment outcomes prognosis. In 2021, World Health Organization (WHO) divided gliomas into five categories based on their histological characteristics molecular changes. Non-coding RNA a type of that does not encode proteins but can exert biological functions at level, long non-coding (lncRNA) with length exceeding 200 nt. It controlled by various transcription factors plays an indispensable role regulatory processes cells. Numerous studies have confirmed dysregulation lncRNA critical pathogenesis, progression, malignancy gliomas. Therefore, this article reviews proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, immune regulation, glycolysis, stemness, drug resistance changes caused gliomas, summarizes potential clinical significance

Language: Английский

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LncRNA MNX1-AS1: A novel oncogenic propellant in cancers

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 149, P. 112801 - 112801

Published: March 12, 2022

To date, recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key players in gene regulation processes involved cancer pathogenesis. In general, Motor neuron and pancreas homeobox 1-antisense RNA1 (MNX1-AS1) is highly expressed all cancers as reported so far exerts oncogenic effects through different mechanisms. this review, we comprehensively summarize the detailed mechanisms of potential functions MNX1-AS1 types well latest knowledge highlighting a therapeutic target for cancer. Aberrant expression closely correlates with clinicopathological parameters. such lymphatic metastasis, tumor size, stage, OS DFS. Thus, can be used diagnostic prognostic biomarker or even target. This article reviews its function, molecular mechanism clinical prognosis various malignancies.

Language: Английский

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