Role of Leptin in Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease, and Type 2 Diabetes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 2338 - 2338

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide, estimated to affect 1 in every 11 adults; among them, 90–95% of cases are type 2 diabetes mellitus. This partly attributed the surge prevalence obesity, which has reached epidemic proportions since 2008. In these patients, cardiovascular (CV) risk stands as primary cause morbidity and mortality, placing substantial burden on healthcare systems due potential for macrovascular microvascular complications. this context, leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, plays fundamental role. hormone essential regulating cellular metabolism energy balance, controlling inflammatory responses, maintaining CV system homeostasis. Thus, leptin resistance not only contributes weight gain but may also lead increased cardiac inflammation, greater fibrosis, hypertension, impairment metabolism. Understanding relationship between obese individuals with DM (T2DM) could improve management prevention complication. Therefore, narrative review, we will discuss evidence linking presence, severity, and/or prognosis obesity T2DM regarding disease, aiming shed light implications better preventive strategies.

Language: Английский

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Shaping Synthetic Multicellular and Complex Multimaterial Tissues via Embedded Extrusion‐Volumetric Printing of Microgels

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(36)

Published: June 3, 2023

In living tissues, cells express their functions following complex signals from surrounding microenvironment. Capturing both hierarchical architectures at the micro- and macroscale, anisotropic cell patterning remains a major challenge in bioprinting, bottleneck toward creating physiologically-relevant models. Addressing this limitation, novel technique is introduced, termed Embedded Extrusion-Volumetric Printing (EmVP), converging extrusion-bioprinting layer-less, ultra-fast volumetric allowing spatially pattern multiple inks/cell types. Light-responsive microgels are developed for first time as bioresins (µResins) light-based providing microporous environment permissive homing self-organization. Tuning mechanical optical properties of gelatin-based microparticles enables use support bath suspended extrusion printing, which features containing high densities can be easily introduced. µResins sculpted within seconds with tomographic light projections into centimeter-scale, granular hydrogel-based, convoluted constructs. Interstitial microvoids enhanced differentiation stem/progenitor (vascular, mesenchymal, neural), otherwise not possible conventional bulk hydrogels. As proof-of-concept, EmVP applied to create synthetic biology-inspired intercellular communication models, where adipocyte regulated by optogenetic-engineered pancreatic cells. Overall, offers new avenues producing regenerative grafts biological functionality, developing engineered systems (metabolic) disease

Language: Английский

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The roles of dietary lipids and lipidomics in gut-brain axis in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: April 2, 2023

Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the main types Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by dysfunctional pancreatic β-cells and/or peripheral insulin resistance, resulting in impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. Genetic, metabolic, multiple lifestyle, sociodemographic factors are known as related to high T2DM risk. Dietary lipids metabolism significant metabolic modulators T2DM-related complications. Besides, accumulated evidence suggests that altered gut microbiota which plays an important role health host contributes significantly involving or improved At this point, dietary may affect physiology via interaction with microbiota. increasing literature lipidomics novel parameters detected holistic analytical techniques have roles pathogenesis progression T2DM, through various mechanisms action including gut-brain axis modulation. A better understanding some nutrients interactions will help develop new strategies for prevention treatment T2DM. However, issue has not yet been entirely discussed literature. The present review provides up-to-date knowledge on nutritional considering lipids- given.

Language: Английский

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Associations Between Diabetes Mellitus and Neurodegenerative Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 542 - 542

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and neurodegenerative diseases/disturbances are worldwide health problems. The most common chronic conditions diagnosed in persons 60 years older type 2 diabetes (T2DM) cognitive impairment. It was found that is a major risk for decline, dementia, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's (AD), Huntington's (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) other disorders. Different mechanisms of associations between these diseases have been suggested. For example, it postulated an impaired intracellular insulin signaling pathway, together with hyperglycemia hyperinsulinemia, may cause pathological changes, such as dysfunction the mitochondria, oxidative stress inflammatory responses, etc. association diseases, well associations, needs further investigation. aim this review to describe mellitus, especially 1 (T1DM) selected i.e., disease, sclerosis. Suggested also described.

Language: Английский

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Green Synthesis of Red Fluorescent Graphene Quantum Dots Using Withania somnifera Leaves: Exploring Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Potential

International Journal of Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

In recent years, green synthesis methods for producing nanomaterials have gained significant interest due to their environmentally friendly nature and wide‐ranging applications. The present study addresses a novel of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) using leaves Withania somnifera. size, morphology, stability the green‐synthesized GQDs were characterized TEM, UV‐Visible spectroscopy, Fluorescence spectrophotometer, XRD, DLS. bio‐functional properties investigated, with focus on antidiabetic antioxidant capabilities. Their activity was assessed by examining ability inhibit α‐amylase α‐glucosidase enzymes, which play crucial role in glucose metabolism. Additionally, evaluated DPPH● scavenging assays, highlighting effectiveness neutralizing free radicals. findings revealed that synthesized outperformed original leaf extract both enzyme inhibition. exhibited higher IC 50 values inhibiting DPPH (78.508 ± 5.71), (161.909 6.188), (133.345 7.328) compared GQDs, showed lower 72.74 5.9, 137.966 6.95, 122.084 5.478, respectively. indicate somnifera derived hold potential medical applications, warranting further investigation into therapeutic efficacy. This offers comprehensive analysis fundamental biological addressing dual challenges activity.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Hormones in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(23), P. 15250 - 15250

Published: Dec. 3, 2022

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease manifesting in inverse body regions. In systematic review, the role of hormones HS will be presented to better understand pathomechanisms HS. The review based on PRISMA criteria. Systematic research was carried out using keywords. Subsequently, data were analyzed clinical response and other relevant information. main focus our manifestation, exacerbation, sex hormones, antiandrogen therapy, thyroid function, polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance, adipokines. HS, there appears dysregulated adipokine release that shifted towards pro-inflammatory Insulin resistance significantly more common than healthy patients regardless BMI, age, gender. leads further cardiovascular disease. mechanism adipokines should investigated future studies provide androgens seems important certain subgroup female patients. Anti-androgenic therapy can useful helpful some However, are needed hormonal relationship

Language: Английский

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Gender Differences in Insulin Resistance: New Knowledge and Perspectives

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(10), P. 7845 - 7861

Published: Sept. 27, 2023

Insulin resistance is the main mechanism in a whole series of pathological conditions, which are not only metabolic interest but also systemic type. This phenomenon means that body’s cells become less sensitive to hormone insulin, leading higher levels insulin blood. can be found both men and women particular, latter, it mainly after menopause. Premenopause, hormonal fluctuations during menstrual cycle, presence estrogen affect sensitivity. Androgens, such as testosterone, typically contribute resistance. In sexes, different human body types distribution location fat, influencing development diabetes cardiovascular disease. associated with some neurological neurogenerative disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome, atherosclerosis, neoplastic pathologies. A healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity, balanced diet, self-maintenance, help prevent onset resistance, regardless gender, although habits between greatly implementation preventative guidelines fighting manifestations this disorder. review may shed light on gender differences diseases by placing necessary focus personalized medical management inspiring differentiated therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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Collagens Regulating Adipose Tissue Formation and Functions

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 1412 - 1412

Published: May 10, 2023

The globally increasing prevalence of obesity is associated with the development metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver. Excess adipose tissue (AT) often leads to its malfunction a systemic dysfunction because, in addition storing lipids, AT an active endocrine system. Adipocytes are embedded unique extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides structural support cells well participating regulation their functions, proliferation differentiation. have thin pericellular layer specialized ECM, referred basement membrane (BM), important functional unit that lies between stroma. Collagens form major group proteins some them, especially BM-associated collagens, functions participate adipocyte In pathological conditions obesity, proceeds fibrosis, characterized by accumulation large collagen bundles, disturbs natural AT. this review, we summarize current knowledge on vertebrate collagens for function include basic information other ECM components, principally fibronectin, We also briefly discuss certain they been shown play central roles.

Language: Английский

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A review on the composition, extraction and applications of phenolic compounds

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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The Potential Effects of Dietary Antioxidants in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Healthcare, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 416 - 416

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Obesity has become a global health concern, with its prevalence steadily increasing in recent decades. It is associated numerous complications, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. The aetiology obesity multifactorial, involving genetic, environmental, lifestyle factors. In years, oxidative stress emerged as potential contributor to related metabolic disorders. Dietary antioxidants, which can counteract stress, have gained significant attention for their role preventing managing obesity. This comprehensive review aims explore the impact dietary antioxidants on dysregulations, discussing underlying mechanisms highlighting therapeutic implications.

Language: Английский

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