Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous structures secreted into the extracellular space. They exhibit diverse sizes, contents, and surface markers ubiquitously released from cells under normal pathological conditions. Human serum is a rich source of these EVs, though their isolation proteins non-EV lipid particles poses challenges. These transport various cellular components such as proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, DNA, lipids across distances, influencing numerous physiological events, including those within tumor microenvironment (TME). Their pivotal roles in communication make EVs promising candidates for therapeutic agents, drug delivery systems, disease biomarkers. Especially cancer diagnostics, EV detection can pave way early identification offers potential diagnostic Moreover, subtypes emerging targeted tools, highlighting clinical significance. The need non-invasive biomarkers to monitor biological processes purposes remains unfulfilled. Tapping unique composition could unlock advanced avenues future. In this review, we discuss detail conditions, cancers (encompassing head neck, lung, gastric, breast, hepatocellular carcinoma), neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, viral infections, autoimmune renal diseases, emphasizing advancements molecular diagnostics delivery.

Language: Английский

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Methods of the Large-Scale Production of Extracellular Vesicles

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(18), P. 10522 - 10522

Published: Sept. 10, 2022

To date, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been extensively investigated as potential substitutes for cell therapy. Research has suggested their ability to overcome serious risks associated with the application of these cells. Although, translation EVs into clinical practice is hampered by lack a cheap reasonable way obtain clinically relevant number EVs, an available method large-scale production ensures vesicles’ integrity, preserves biological activity, and they are well reproducible, providing homogeneity product from batch batch. In this review, advances in development methods increase discussed. The existing approaches can be divided following: (1) those based on increasing natural creating using high capacity “cell factories”, (2) induction secretion under various stressors, (3) fragmentation creation biomimetic vesicles. aim review stimulate introduction draw attention new large scale.

Language: Английский

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Entry and exit of extracellular vesicles to and from the blood circulation

Nature Nanotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 13 - 20

Published: Dec. 18, 2023

Language: Английский

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Identification of faecal extracellular vesicles as novel biomarkers for the non‐invasive diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies that usually detected late in clinic. The currently available diagnostic tools for CRC are either invasive or insensitive to early lesions due dearth reliable biomarkers. In this study, we discovered extracellular vesicles (EVs) faeces patients can act as a potent biomarker non‐invasive diagnosis and prognosis CRC. This finding based on identification two transmembrane proteins—CD147 A33—on faeces‐derived EVs (fEVs) intrinsically associated with detection results show levels CD147 A33 fEVs were upregulated ( n = 48), dramatically distinguishing them from healthy donors 16). CD147/A33‐enriched offer clinical sensitivity 89%, much higher than (40%) carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), clinically‐established serum diagnosis. addition, analysis longitudinal samples 29) demonstrated be utilized track Due high compliance faeces‐based detection, could serve new‐generation biomarkers large‐scale, screening well real‐time monitoring patient outcomes during interventions.

Language: Английский

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A beginner's guide to study extracellular vesicles in human blood plasma and serum

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Blood is the most commonly used body fluid for obtaining and studying extracellular vesicles (EVs). While blood a standard choice clinical analysis, using as source of EVs introduces multiple layers complexity. At Extracellular Vesicle Workshop organized by International Society Vesicles in Helsinki (2022), it became evident that beginner researchers lack trustworthy information on how to initiate their research avoid common pitfalls. This educational guide explains composition frequently terminology blood, provides guidelines collection, preparation plasma serum. It also basic principles isolating detecting while considering blood‐related factors. The goal this assist beginners offering concise evidence‐based introduction current knowledge available resources study EVs.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles in cancer therapy

Seminars in Cancer Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 86, P. 296 - 309

Published: June 8, 2022

Language: Английский

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Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Damage

Hypertension, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 79(5), P. 863 - 873

Published: Feb. 11, 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized membrane-bound structures released by cells that able to transfer nucleic acids, protein cargos, and metabolites specific recipient cells, allowing cell-to-cell communications in an endocrine paracrine manner. Endothelial, leukocyte, platelet-derived EVs have emerged both as biomarkers key effectors the development progression of different stages vascular damage, from earliest alteration endothelial function, advanced atherosclerotic lesions cardiovascular calcification. Under pathological conditions, circulating promote dysfunction impairing vasorelaxation instigate inflammation increasing levels adhesion molecules, reactive oxygen species, proinflammatory cytokines. Platelets, macrophages, foam secrete regulate macrophage polarization contribute plaque progression. Finally, under stimuli, smooth muscle macrophages aggregate between collagen fibers serve nucleation sites for ectopic mineralization vessel wall, leading formation micro- macrocalcification. In this review, we summarize emerging evidence role highlighting major findings most recent studies discussing future perspectives research field.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Platelet Rich Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Regenerative Medicine: A Systematic-Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(17), P. 13043 - 13043

Published: Aug. 22, 2023

The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has gained increasing interest in recent decades. platelet secretome contains a multitude growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and other biological biomolecules. In years, developments the field platelets have led to new insights, attention been focused on platelets’ released extracellular vesicles (EVs) their role intercellular communication. this context, aim review was compile current evidence PRP-derived identify advantages limitations fortheir upcoming clinical applications. A total 172 articles were identified during systematic literature search through two databases (PubMed Web Science). Twenty publications met inclusion criteria included review. According results, PRP-EVs clinic is an emerging great that represents promising therapeutic option, as efficacy demonstrated majority fields applications However, lack standardization along procedures both PRP EVs makes it extremely challenging compare results among studies. Establishing standardized conditions ensure optimized detailed protocols define parameters such dose or EV origin therefore urgent. Further studies elucidate real contribution terms composition functionality should also be performed. Nevertheless, research provides novel basis deal with regenerative medicine drug delivery future.

Language: Английский

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Plasma-derived extracellular vesicles released after endurance exercise exert cardioprotective activity through the activation of antioxidant pathways

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 63, P. 102737 - 102737

Published: May 18, 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) can cause various conditions, including an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels that decrease nitric oxide (NO) availability and promote vasoconstriction, leading to arterial hypertension. Physical exercise (PE) has been found be protective against CVD by helping maintain redox homeostasis through a ROS levels, achieved increased expression of antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) modulation heat shock proteins (HSPs). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) circulating the body are major source regulatory signals, nucleic acids. Interestingly, cardioprotective role EVs released after PE not fully described. The aim this study was investigate EVs, obtained Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) plasma samples from healthy young males (age: 26.95 ± 3.07; estimated maximum consumption rate (VO2max): 51.22 4.85 (mL/kg/min)) at basal level (Pre_EVs) immediately single bout endurance (30' treadmill, 70% heart (HR) -Post_EVs). Gene ontology (GO) analysis proteomic data isolated revealed enrichment endowed with catalytic activity Post_EVs, compare Pre_EVs, MAP2K1 being most significantly upregulated protein. Enzymatic assays on derived Pre Post showed increment Glutathione Reductase (GR) Catalase (CAT) Post_EVs. At functional level, but enhanced reduced oxidative damage accumulation treated human iPS-derived cardiomyocytes (hCM) under stress conditions (Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) treatment), resulting global effect. In conclusion, our demonstrated, for first time, 30-min is able alter cargo effect activity.

Language: Английский

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Environmental pollutants and exosomes: A new paradigm in environmental health and disease

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 925, P. 171774 - 171774

Published: March 18, 2024

Language: Английский

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