The bridge of the gut–joint axis: Gut microbial metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Oct. 6, 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by joint destruction, synovitis, and pannus formation. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may exert direct pathogenic effects on gut homeostasis. It trigger the host’s innate immune system activate “gut–joint axis”, which exacerbates RA. However, although importance of in development progression RA widely recognized, mechanisms regulating interactions between host remain incompletely defined. In this review, we discuss role microbiota-derived biological mediators, such as short-chain fatty acids, bile tryptophan metabolites, maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, balance bone destruction patients bridge gut–joint axis.

Language: Английский

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Hyaluronidase-powered microneedles for significantly enhanced transdermal delivery efficiency

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 353, P. 380 - 390

Published: Dec. 6, 2022

Language: Английский

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Revisiting p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) in Inflammatory Arthritis: A Narrative of the Emergence of MAPK-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitors (MK2i)

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(9), P. 1286 - 1286

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) is a crucial signaling pathway closely involved in several physiological and cellular functions, including cell cycle, apoptosis, gene expression, responses to stress stimuli. It also plays central role inflammation immunity. Owing disparate p38-MAPK it has thus far formed an elusive drug target with failed clinical trials inflammatory diseases due challenges hepatotoxicity, cardiac toxicity, lack of efficacy, tachyphylaxis, which brief initial improvement rapid disease rebound. To overcome these limitations, downstream antagonism the MAPK-activated (MAPKAPK, known as MK2) blockade demonstrated potential abrogate without prior recognized toxicities. Such MK2 inhibition (MK2i) associated robust suppression key pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNFα IL-6 others experimental systems vitro. Considering this recent evidence regarding MK2i arthritis, we revisit discuss literature encompassing inhibitors focus on pathway. We then highlight how novel strategies, although encouraging pre-clinical arena, may either show for efficacy or emergent human data from different settings.

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Analysis of Cytokine Network in Centenarians

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2719 - 2719

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Cytokines have been investigated extensively in elderly people, with conflicting results. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the plasma levels 62 cytokines and growth factors involved regulation immune system, healthy centenarians, middle-aged controls. confirmed previously observed increase several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α IL-6, found that other directly or indirectly inflammation (such IFN-α, IL-23, CCL-5), were present at higher centenarians. did not observe any anti-inflammatory notable exception Th2-shifting cytokine IL-19. No relevant difference was regulating T cell immunity. Several having role immunity, G-CSF, GM-CSF, EGF, VEGF, upregulated too. Principal component dataset showed pro variables contributed most to variability data we observed.

Language: Английский

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Tibetan medicine Qi-Sai-Er-Sang-Dang-Song Decoction inhibits TNF-α-induced rheumatoid arthritis in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes via regulating NOTCH1/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 310, P. 116402 - 116402

Published: March 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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