The Gut–Organ-Axis Concept: Advances the Application of Gut-on-Chip Technology

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 4089 - 4089

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

The intestine is considered to be a vital digestive organ absorb nutrients and the largest immune organ, while numerous microorganisms coexist with host. It well known that complex interactions between gut microbiota host’s system inevitably affect function of other organs, creating an “axis” them. During past few years, new technique based mainly on microfluidics cell biology has been developed emulate structure, function, microenvironment human gut, called “gut-on-chip”. This microfluidic chip provides insight into key aspects in health disease, such as gut–brain axis, gut–liver gut–kidney gut–lung axis. In this review, we first describe basic theory axis various composition parameter monitoring microarray systems, summarize development emerging advances gut–organ-on-chip, focus host-gut flora nutrient metabolism, highlight their role pathophysiological studies. addition, paper discusses challenges prospects for current further use gut–organ-on-chip platform.

Language: Английский

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Enteric nervous system and intestinal epithelial regulation of the gut-brain axis

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 150(3), P. 513 - 522

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Microfluidic Gut-on-a-Chip: Fundamentals and Challenges

Biosensors, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 136 - 136

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

The human gut is responsible for food digestion and absorption. Recently, growing evidence has shown its vital role in the proper functioning of other organs. Advances microfluidic technologies have made a significant impact on biomedical field. Specifically, organ-on-a-chip technology (OoC), which become popular substitute animal models, capable imitating complex systems vitro been used to study pathology pharmacology. Over past decade, reviews published focused more applications prospects gut-on-a-chip (GOC) technology, but challenges solutions these limitations were often overlooked. In this review, we cover physiology review engineering approaches GOC. Fundamentals GOC models including materials fabrication, cell types, stimuli microbiota are thoroughly reviewed. We discuss present model applications, challenges, possible technology.

Language: Английский

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Organoids/organs-on-a-chip: new frontiers of intestinal pathophysiological models

Lab on a Chip, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 1192 - 1212

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Organoids/organs-on-a-chip contribute to mimicking intestinal surface topography, microenvironment, and various interactions, providing new frontiers of pathophysiological models.

Language: Английский

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Revolutionizing drug development: harnessing the potential of organ-on-chip technology for disease modeling and drug discovery

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 25, 2023

The inefficiency of existing animal models to precisely predict human pharmacological effects is the root reason for drug development failure. Microphysiological system/organ-on-a-chip technology (organ-on-a-chip platform) a microfluidic device cultured with living cells under specific organ shear stress which can faithfully replicate organ-body level pathophysiology. This emerging organ-on-chip platform be remarkable alternative broad range purposes in testing and precision medicine. Here, we review parameters employed using on chip as plot mimic diseases, genetic disorders, toxicity different organs, biomarker identification, discoveries. Additionally, address current challenges that should overcome accepted by regulatory agencies pharmaceutical industries. Moreover, highlight future direction enhancing accelerating discoveries personalized

Language: Английский

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Gut-on-a-chip for disease models

Journal of Tissue Engineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The intestinal tract is a vital organ responsible for digestion and absorption in the human body plays an essential role pathogen invasion. Compared with other traditional models, gut-on-a-chip has many unique advantages, thereby, it can be considered as novel model studying functions diseases. Based on chip design, we replicate vivo microenvironment of intestine study effects individual variables experiment. In recent years, been used to several To better mimic microenvironment, structure function are constantly optimised improved. Owing complexity disease mechanism, conjunction chips. this review, summarise well development improvement gut-on-a-chip. Finally, present discuss applications inflammatory bowel (IBD), viral infections phenylketonuria. Further simulation high throughput realisation personalised treatments problems that should solved model.

Language: Английский

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Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown in Neuroinflammation: Current In Vitro Models

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(16), P. 12699 - 12699

Published: Aug. 11, 2023

The blood-brain barrier, which is formed by tightly interconnected microvascular endothelial cells, separates the brain from peripheral circulation. Together with other central nervous system-resident cell types, including pericytes and astrocytes, barrier forms neurovascular unit. Upon neuroinflammation, this becomes leaky, allowing molecules cells to enter potentially harm tissue of system. Despite significance animal models in research, they may not always adequately reflect human pathophysiology. Therefore, are needed. This review will provide an overview terms both health disease. It describe all key elements vitro explore how different compositions can be utilized effectively model a variety neuroinflammatory conditions. Furthermore, it existing types that used basic research study respective pathologies thus far.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in Gut‐ and Gut–Organ‐Axis‐on‐a‐Chip Models

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(21)

Published: Jan. 20, 2024

The human gut extracts nutrients from the diet while forming largest barrier against outer environment. In addition, actively maintains homeostasis through intricate interactions with microbes, immune system, enteric nervous and other organs. These influence digestive health and, furthermore, play crucial roles in systemic disease. Given its primary role absorbing metabolizing orally administered drugs, there is significant interest development of preclinical vitro model systems that can accurately emulate intestine vivo. A gut-on-a-chip system holds great potential as a testing screening platform because ability to physiological aspects vivo tissues expandability incorporate combine This review aims identify key features need be incorporated build more accurate models highlights recent progress competing technologies toward building physiologically relevant systems. Furthermore, various efforts construct multi-organ gut, called gut-organ-axis-on-a-chip models, are discussed. relevance provide valuable platforms for bridging gap between clinical studies.

Language: Английский

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Organ-on-a-chip microengineering for bio-mimicking disease models and revolutionizing drug discovery

Biosensors and Bioelectronics X, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 100194 - 100194

Published: July 15, 2022

The core of the drug research and screening processes is predicting effect drugs prior to human clinical trials. Due 2D cell culture animal models' poor predictability, cost discovery continuously rising. development organ-on-a-chip technology, an alternative traditional preclinical testing models, resulted from intersection microfabrication & tissue engineering. Preclinical safety effectiveness improved by ability technologies mimic important physiological functions necessary for understanding effects. Organ-on-a-chip could drastically improve success rate thereby better how will act on a term used describe microengineered biomimetic device that mimics structure functionality tissue. It integrates engineering, biology, biomaterial miniature platform. To reflect physiology in vitro bridge gap between vivo data, simplification shouldn't compromise relevance. At this level technological development, biomedical engineers specializing engineering are more than ever expedite transfer technology academic lab bench specialized product institutions ever-growing market. This review focuses recent advancements discusses potential based current available literature.

Language: Английский

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Basic models to advanced systems: harnessing the power of organoids-based microphysiological models of the human brain

Biofabrication, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 032007 - 032007

Published: May 15, 2024

Abstract Understanding the complexities of human brain’s function in health and disease is a formidable challenge neuroscience. While traditional models like animals offer valuable insights, they often fall short accurately mirroring biology drug responses. Moreover, recent legislation has underscored need for more predictive that represent physiology. To address this requirement, human-derived cell cultures have emerged as crucial alternative biomedical research. However, static culture lack dynamic tissue microenvironment governs function. Advanced vitro systems, such organoids microphysiological systems (MPSs), bridge gap by offering accurate representations biology. Organoids, which are three-dimensional miniaturized organ-like structures derived from stem cells, exhibit physiological responses akin to native tissues, but essential tissue-specific components functional vascular immune cells. Recent endeavors focused on incorporating endothelial cells into enhance vascularization, maturation, modeling. MPS, including organ-on-chip technologies, integrate diverse types vascularization under conditions, revolutionizing brain research bridging between vivo models. In review, we delve evolution with particular focus highlighting significance enhancing viability, functionality, modeling potential organoids. By examining interplay vasculature neuronal within organoids, can uncover novel therapeutic targets gain insights mechanisms, promise significant advancements neuroscience improved patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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