Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: The Influence of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Mitochondrial Dysfunctions, and the Role of Polyphenols

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 1354 - 1354

Published: Oct. 10, 2024

Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) is a clinical-pathological scenario that occurs due to the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes which considered significant cause liver conditions and contributes an increased risk death worldwide. Even though possible causes MAFLD can involve interaction genetics, hormones, nutrition, lifestyle (diet sedentary lifestyle) most influential factor developing this condition. Polyphenols comprise many natural chemical compounds be helpful managing metabolic diseases. Therefore, aim review was investigate impact oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, role polyphenols MAFLD. Some reverse part damage related or among them are anthocyanin, baicalin, catechin, curcumin, chlorogenic acid, didymin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, luteolin, mangiferin, puerarin, punicalagin, resveratrol, silymarin. These have actions reducing plasma enzymes, body mass index, waist circumference, adipose visceral indices, lipids, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, HOMA index. They also reduce nuclear factor-KB (NF-KB), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), blood pressure, fat content, steatosis fibrosis. On other hand, they improve HDL-c, adiponectin levels, fibrogenesis markers. results show promising prevention treatment

Language: Английский

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Organokines, Sarcopenia, and Metabolic Repercussions: The Vicious Cycle and the Interplay with Exercise

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(21), P. 13452 - 13452

Published: Nov. 3, 2022

Sarcopenia is a disease that becomes more prevalent as the population ages, since it directly linked to process of senility, which courses with muscle atrophy and loss strength. Over time, sarcopenia obesity, being known sarcopenic leads other metabolic changes. At molecular level, organokines act on different tissues can improve or harm sarcopenia. It all depends their production process, associated factors such physical exercise, aging diseases. Because seriousness these repercussions, aim this literature review conduct relationship between organokines, sarcopenia, diabetes, well role exercise. To build review, PubMed-Medline, Embase, COCHRANE databases were searched, only studies written in English included. was observed myokines, adipokines, hepatokines, osteokines had direct impacts pathophysiology its repercussions. Therefore, knowing how very important know age, prevention, they be related prevention loss.

Language: Английский

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Organokines in COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 1349 - 1349

Published: May 9, 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 that induces generalized inflammatory state. Organokines (adipokines, osteokines, myokines, hepatokines, and cardiokines) can produce beneficial or harmful effects in this condition. This study aimed to systematically review the role of organokines on COVID-19. PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane databases were searched, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines followed, 37 studies selected, comprising more than 2700 individuals infected with virus. Among COVID-19 patients, have been associated endothelial dysfunction multiple organ failure due augmented cytokines increased viremia. Changes pattern secretion directly indirectly contribute aggravating infection, promoting immune response alterations, predicting progression. These molecules potential be used as adjuvant biomarkers predict severity illness severe outcomes.

Language: Английский

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AdipoRon and ADP355, adiponectin receptor agonists, in Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): A systematic review

Biochemical Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 218, P. 115871 - 115871

Published: Oct. 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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Targeting AMPK with Irisin: Implications for metabolic disorders, cardiovascular health, and inflammatory conditions — A systematic review

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 360, P. 123230 - 123230

Published: Nov. 10, 2024

Irisin-based interventions have gained attention for their potential to modulate the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in various diseases. Physiologically, irisin is a myokine released during physical exercise that exerts anti-inflammatory effects and metabolic cardiometabolic enhancer. On other hand, AMPK crucial maintaining energy balance homeostasis. Therefore, individuals presenting low blood levels of dysregulation are more predisposed disorders cardiovascular health inflammatory conditions since regulating homeostasis preventing or treating these disorders. In light those mentioned above considering no review has addressed intricate relationships between regulation realm disorders, health, conditions, we comprehensively reviewed studies involving irisin's on signaling different models interventions. Our systematic analysis involved vitro studies, animal models, relevant clinical implications targeting due absence trials. The outcomes limitations included were extensively highlighted. Objectively, improved by enhancing β-cell function insulin secretion diabetes, mitigating myocardial injury reducing inflammation oxidative stress AMPK. However, lack trials limits generalizability findings human subjects. Future research should focus translating into applications exploring broader irisin-based health.

Language: Английский

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Organokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Critical Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(11), P. 6193 - 6193

Published: May 31, 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints. Organokines can produce beneficial or harmful effects in this condition. Among RA patients, organokines have been associated with increased inflammation and cartilage degradation due to augmented cytokines metalloproteinases production, respectively. This study aimed perform review investigate role of adipokines, osteokines, myokines, hepatokines on progression. PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane were searched, 18 studies selected, comprising more than 17,000 patients. Changes pattern secretion identified, these could directly indirectly contribute aggravating RA, promoting articular alterations, predicting activity. In addition, implicated higher radiographic damage, immune dysregulation, angiogenesis. These also act as potent regulators cells proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, controlling osteoclasts, chondrocytes, fibroblasts well chemotaxis sites. Although much already known, still unknown, principally about roles occurrence extra-articular manifestations.

Language: Английский

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The regulatory role of metabolic organ-secreted factors in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 26, 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic metabolic characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat in the liver, which becoming major global health problem, affecting about quarter population. In past decade, mounting studies have found that 25%–40% NAFLD patients cardiovascular (CVD), and CVD one leading causes death these subjects. However, it has not attracted enough awareness emphasis from clinicians, underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Available research reveals inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, glucose lipid metabolism disorders play indispensable roles pathogenesis NAFLD. Notably, emerging evidence indicates organ-secreted factors, including hepatokines, adipokines, cytokines, extracellular vesicles, gut-derived are also involved occurrence development CVD. Nevertheless, few focused on role factors Therefore, this review, we summarize relationship between as well CVD, beneficial for clinicians to comprehensive detailed understanding association both diseases strengthen management improve adverse prognosis survival.

Language: Английский

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The Pan-liver Network Theory

The Chinese Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 66(6), P. 401 - 436

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the liver is “general organ” that responsible for governing/maintaining free flow of qi over entire body and storing blood. According to classic five elements theory, zang–xiang yin–yang meridians collaterals five–viscera correlation has essential relationships with many extrahepatic organs or tissues, such as mother–child between heart, exterior–interior gallbladder. The influences tissues have been well-established when treating diseases from perspective modulating by using ancient prescriptions TCM acupuncture moxibustion. modern medicine, largest solid organ in human body, typical functions filtration storage blood; metabolism carbohydrates, fats, proteins, hormones, foreign chemicals; formation bile; vitamins iron; coagulation factors. also endocrine function, acts an immunological due containing resident immune cells. anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, interactions example, gut, pancreas, adipose, skeletal muscle, lung, kidney, brain, spleen, eyes, skin, bone, sexual organs, through circulation (including hemodynamics, redox signals, hepatokines, metabolites, translocation microbiota its products, endotoxins), neural other forms pathogenic factors, under normal status. centered on not only influence homeostasis these indicated but contribute pathogenesis cardiometabolic obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic [dysfunction]-associated fatty diseases, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases), pulmonary hyperuricemia gout, chronic kidney disease, male female dysfunction. Therefore, based bidirectional interaction tissue, this established system may further interact another one more organs/tissues, thus depicting a complex “pan-hepatic network” model. pan-hepatic network mechanisms diseases.

Language: Английский

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Peripheral and central macrophages in obesity

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 31, 2023

Obesity is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation. Excessive nutrient intake causes adipose tissue expansion, which may in turn cause cellular stress that triggers infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells from the circulation as well activation are residing tissue. In particular, macrophages (ATMs) important pathogenesis obesity. A also found other organs for energy metabolism, such liver, muscle and pancreas, stimulate development obesity-related co-morbidities, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD). Interestingly, it now clear obesity-induced signaling occurs central nervous system (CNS), brain be involved appetite dysregulation metabolic disturbances More recently, has become evident microglia, resident CNS drive neuroinflammation, activated obesity can relevant regulation hypothalamic feeding circuits. this review, we focus on action peripheral their potential roles disease, how interact to promote inflammation during

Language: Английский

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Osteokines in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Current Obesity Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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