Association Between Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Early Adiposity Rebound in Children: A Case-Control Study of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study

Journal of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Human milk oligosaccharide secretion dynamics during breastfeeding and its antimicrobial role: A systematic review

World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2)

Published: March 18, 2025

BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are bioactive components of breast with diverse health benefits, including shaping the gut microbiota, modulating immune system, and protecting against infections. HMOs exhibit dynamic secretion patterns during lactation, influenced by maternal genetics environmental factors. Their direct indirect antimicrobial properties have garnered significant research interest. However, a comprehensive understanding dynamics their correlation efficacy remains underexplored. AIM To synthesize current evidence on lactation evaluate roles bacterial, viral, protozoal pathogens. METHODS A systematic search PubMed, Scopus, Web Science, Cochrane Library focused studies investigating natural synthetic HMOs, dynamics, properties. Studies involving human, animal, in vitro models were included. Data HMO composition, temporal patterns, mechanisms action extracted. Quality assessment was performed using validated tools appropriate for study design. RESULTS total 44 included, encompassing research. exhibited 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) lacto-N-tetraose peaking early declining over time, while 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) increased later stages. demonstrated through pathogen adhesion inhibition, biofilm disruption, enzymatic activity impairment. Synthetic bioengineered 2′-FL 3-FL, structurally functionally comparable to effectively inhibiting pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Escherichia coli Campylobacter jejuni . Additionally, synergistic effects antibiotics, enhancing resistant CONCLUSION vital defense, supporting infant targeting various Both hold potential therapeutic applications, particularly nutrition adjuncts antibiotics. Further research, clinical trials, is essential address gaps knowledge, validate findings, explore broader applicability improving neonatal health.

Language: Английский

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Recent trends in human milk oligosaccharides: New synthesis technology, regulatory effects, and mechanisms of non‐intestinal functions

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(2)

Published: March 1, 2025

Abstract Recently, the non‐intestinal functions of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been widely documented, including their roles in promoting brain development and growth, as well ameliorating anxiety, allergies, obesity. Understanding mechanisms action is becoming increasingly critical. Furthermore, these effects are frequently associated with type structure HMOs. As an innovative technology, “plant factory” expected to complement traditional synthesis technology. This study reviews novel techniques. Particular emphasis placed on processes, advantages, limitations technology can express genes related HMO instantaneously plant leaves, thereby enabling rapid cost‐effective generation However, remains underdeveloped, challenges low yield unsustainable production must be addressed. we present overview most recent clinical preclinical studies review emphasizes underlying HMOs primarily exert through cleavage beneficial monomer components, metabolism produce advantageous metabolites, regulation immune responses.

Language: Английский

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Maternal dietary intervention during lactation impacts the maternal faecal and human milk microbiota

Journal of Applied Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 135(5)

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

To determine the effect of a two-week reduced fat and sugar increased fibre maternal dietary intervention on faecal human milk (HM) microbiomes.

Language: Английский

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Role of Human Milk Microbiota in Infant Neurodevelopment: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

Children, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 1476 - 1476

Published: Nov. 30, 2024

Background: Human milk (HM) is recognized as an ideal source of nutrition for newborns; a result, its multiple bioactive molecules can support the growth healthy newborns and reduce risk mortality diseases such asthma, respiratory infections, diabetes (type 1 2), gastrointestinal disorders ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease. Furthermore, it severity necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants. Moreover, human oligosaccharides (HMOs) present breast show immunomodulatory, prebiotic, neurodevelopmental effect that supports microbiota–gut–brain axis. Material methods: This study examined state-of-the-art research, using keywords “breastfeeding”, “human oligosaccharides”, “microbiota–gut–brain axis”, “infants”, “malnutrition”. The literature review was conducted by selecting articles between 2013 2024, most recent ones. databases used were Web Science, PubMed, Scopus. Results: We found studies examining composition HM infant formula (IF). However, further longitudinal randomized control trials (RCTs) are needed to better understand clinical outcomes components exert on hospitalized children how, conditions malnutrition, necessary newborn. Conclusions: In this review, we affirm importance and, through it, modulation microbiota neuroprotective role newborns, determining health following years life.

Language: Английский

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Involvement of the Intestinal Microbiota in the Appearance of Multiple Sclerosis: Aloe vera and Citrus bergamia as Potential Candidates for Intestinal Health

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(13), P. 2711 - 2711

Published: June 29, 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological and inflammatory autoimmune disease of the Central Nervous System in which selective activation T B lymphocytes prompts reaction against myelin, inducing demyelination axonal loss. Although MS recognized to be an pathology, specific causes are many; thus, date, it has been considered disorder resulting from environmental factors genetically susceptible individuals. Among hypothetically involved MS, nutrition seems well related, although role nutritional still unclear. The gut mammals home bacterial community about 2000 species known as “microbiota”, whose composition changes throughout life each individual. There five phylas that make up microbiota healthy adults: Firmicutes (79.4%), Bacteroidetes (16.9%), Actinobacteria (2.5%), Proteobacteria (1%) Verrucomicrobia (0.1%). diversity abundance microbial populations justifies condition eubiosis. On contrary, state dysbiosis refers altered microbiota. Many studies carried out last few years have demonstrated there relationship between intestinal microflora progression multiple sclerosis. This correlation was also by discovery patients with treated prebiotics probiotics, greatly increased microbiota, might otherwise reduced or absent. In particular, natural extracts Aloe vera bergamot fruits, rich polyphenols high percentage polysaccharides (mostly found indigestible fermentable fibers), appear potential candidates re-equilibrate patients. present review article aims assess pathophysiological mechanisms reveal development MS. addition, for supplementing undergoing early stages fibers, on top conventional drug treatments, discussed.

Language: Английский

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Human Milk Microbiome and Microbiome-Related Products: Potential Modulators of Infant Growth

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(23), P. 5148 - 5148

Published: Dec. 3, 2022

Infant growth trajectory may influence later-life obesity. Human milk provides a wide range of nutritional and bioactive components that are vital for infant growth. Compared to formula-fed infants, breastfed infants less likely develop later-onset obesity, highlighting the potential role present in human milk. Components particular interest microbiota, oligosaccharides (HMOs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), antimicrobial proteins, each which gut microbiome, turn has been associated with body composition. SCFAs proteins from also systemically metabolism. Although inconsistent, multiple studies have reported associations between HMOs growth, while on other relation sparse. Moreover, these microbiome-related interact within mammary gland. Here, we review evidence around impact microbes, HMOs, SCFAs, Breastfeeding is unique window opportunity promote optimal aberrant trajectories potentially creating short- long-term public health burdens. Therefore, it important understand how

Language: Английский

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More than nutrition: Therapeutic potential and mechanism of human milk oligosaccharides against necrotizing enterocolitis

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 339, P. 122420 - 122420

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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Maternal short chain fructo-oligosaccharides supplementation during late gestation and lactation influences milk components and offspring gut metabolome: a pilot study

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Abstract Breast milk composition is influenced by maternal diet. This study aimed to evaluate if supplementation of diet with a prebiotic fibre, through its potential effect on composition, can be leverage orientate the gut microbiota infants in way that would beneficial for their health. Twelve sows received supplemented short chain fructo-oligosaccharides or maltodextrins during last month gestation and lactation. Oligosaccharidic lipidomic profiles colostrum mature (21 days), as well faecal metabolomic profile 21 day-old piglets were evaluated. The total porcine oligosaccharide concentration tended lower scFOS-supplemented sows, mainly due significant reduction neutral core oligosaccharides (in particular tetrahexose). Maternal scFOS affected 31 lipids (mainly long-chain triglycerides) milk. Faecal short-chain fatty acid content 16 bacterial metabolites modified supplementation. Interestingly, integrative data analysis gave novel insight into relationships between (i) PMOs (ii) offspring bacteria metabolites. In conclusion, scFOS-enriched milk, this was associated change colonisation intestinal microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Human milk microbiome: associations with maternal diet and infant growth

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 11, 2024

Introduction Ingestion of human milk (HM) is identified as a significant factor associated with early infant gut microbial colonization, which has been health and development. Maternal diet the HM microbiome (HMM). However, few studies have explored associations among maternal diet, HMM, growth during first 6 months lactation. Methods For this cross-sectional study, Mam -Mayan mother-infant dyads ( n = 64) were recruited from 8 rural communities in Western Highlands Guatemala at two stages lactation: (6–46 days postpartum, 29) or late (109–184 35). Recruited mothers had vaginally delivered singleton births, no subclinical mastitis antibiotic treatments, breastfed their infants. Data collected both lactation included 24-h recalls, samples, status indicators: head-circumference-for-age-z-score (HCAZ), length-for-age-z-score (LAZ), weight-for-age-z-score (WAZ). Infants divided into subgroups: normal weight (WAZ ≥ −1SD) mildly underweight < −1SD), non-stunted (LAZ −1.5SD) stunted −1.5SD), head-circumference (HCAZ smaller −1SD). HMM was using 16S rRNA gene sequencing; amplicon analysis performed high-resolution ANCHOR pipeline, DESeq2 differentially abundant (DA) species-level between groups (FDR 0.05) Results Using cluster univariate analyses, we (a) positive correlations clusters dietary clusters, (b) negative macronutrient micronutrient intakes species level (c) distinct DA taxa nutrient z-scores that differed breast-fed infants experiencing faltering Conclusion Collectively, these findings provide important evidence potential influence on early-life via modulation HMM.

Language: Английский

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