Human Milk Bioactive Components and Child Growth and Body Composition in the First 2 Years: A Systematic Review

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 100127 - 100127

Published: Oct. 5, 2023

Human milk (HM) contains macronutrients, micronutrients, and a multitude of other bioactive factors, which can have long-term impact on infant growth development. We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web Science to synthesize evidence published between 1980 2022 HM components anthropometry through 2 y age among term-born infants. From 9992 abstracts screened, 141 articles were included categorized based their reporting or components. Bioactives including hormones, oligosaccharides (HMOs), immunomodulatory are reported here, 75 from 69 unique studies observations 9980 dyads. Research designs, collection strategies, sampling times, geographic socioeconomic settings, practices, outcomes varied considerably. Meta-analyses not possible because data times inconsistent the included. Few measured intake, adjusted for confounders, precisely captured breastfeeding exclusivity, adequately described protocols. Only 5 (6%) had high overall quality scores. Hormones most extensively examined with 46 (n = 6773 dyads), compared 13 2640 dyads) HMOs 12 1422 Two conducted untargeted metabolomics. Leptin adiponectin demonstrated inverse associations growth, although several found no associations. No consistent individual outcomes. Among in HM, IL-6 relationships growth. Current research bioactives is largely inconclusive insufficient address complex composition HM. Future should ideally capture use biologically relevant anthropometrics, integrate across categories, embracing systems biology approach better understand how work independently synergistically influence

Language: Английский

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Difference in the Intestinal Microbiota between Breastfeed Infants and Infants Fed with Artificial Milk: A Systematic Review

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 533 - 533

Published: June 24, 2024

The gut microbiota (GM) plays a crucial role in human health, particularly during the first years of life. Differences GM between breastfed and formula (F)-fed infants may influence long-term health outcomes. This systematic review aims to compare with that F-fed evaluate clinical implications these differences. We searched databases on Scopus, Web Science, Pubmed following keywords: “gut microbiota”, microbiome”, “neonatal milk”. inclusion criteria were articles relating analysis intestinal microbiome newborns relation type nutrition, studies or case series, excluding reviews, meta-analyses, animal models, vitro studies. screening phase ended selection 13 publications for this work. Breastfed showed higher levels beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus, while had prevalence potentially pathogenic bacteria, including Clostridium difficile Enterobacteriaceae. Infant feeding influences composition oral significantly. Breastfeeding promotes healthier more diverse microbial ecosystem, which offer protective benefits. Future research should explore strategies improve understand implications.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota during pregnancy and early life: role in maternal−neonatal outcomes based on human evidence

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

Here, we explored the vast potential of microbiome-based interventions in preventing and managing non-communicable diseases including obesity, diabetes, allergies, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, malnutrition, cardiovascular across different life stages. We discuss intricate relationship between microbiome emphasizing on "window opportunity" for microbe–host interactions during first years after birth. Specific biotics also live biotherapeutics fecal microbiota transplantation emerge as pivotal tools precision medicine, acknowledging "one size doesn't' fit all" aspect. Challenges implementation underscore need advanced technologies, scientific transparency, public engagement. Future perspectives advocate understanding maternal−neonatal microbiome, exploring maternal exposome delving into human milk's role establishment restoration infant its influence over health disease. An integrated approach, employing multi-omics accounting inter-individual variance composition function appears central to unleash full early-life revolutionizing healthcare.

Language: Английский

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Milk matters: seeding gut ecosystems and shaping microbiota rivalries

Microbiome Research Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4(2)

Published: March 13, 2025

Maternal milk contains its own diverse microbiome, which has been hypothesized to colonize the infant gut during breastfeeding; however, dynamics of this process are not well understood, particularly among very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. A recent study published in Cell Reports Medicine by Shama et al. identifies novel dose-dependent relationships between maternal microbiota and a cohort VLBW infants further explores potential impact feeding practices antibiotic use on these microbial colonization dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Is Breastfeeding an Effective Approach to Reduce Metabolic Risk After GDM in Mothers and Infants?

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 3065 - 3065

Published: April 29, 2025

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) leads to increased lifelong cardiometabolic risk in both mothers and their offspring. The identification of effective strategies contain the future type 2 (T2D) cardiovascular disease (CVD) is utmost importance reduce burden disease. Breastfeeding (BF) reducing short- long-term child morbidity. In recent years, BF has emerged as a candidate low-cost intervention prevent complications infants exposed GDM. aim this review provide an overview evidence about possible metabolic benefits for with history GDM Increasing supports positive effects exclusive over formula feeding (FF) or mixed on glucose homeostasis lipid profile women previous early postpartum period. Studies longer observation suggest clear intensive prediabetes after adjustment confounders. regards infants, most studies, intensity duration are positively associated slower infant growth curves compared FF, indicating that effect trends might contrast obesity diseases observed Considering these findings, global effort should be made support practice possibly morbidity

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbial Sialidases and Their Role in the Metabolism of Human Milk Sialylated Glycans

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(12), P. 9994 - 9994

Published: June 10, 2023

Sialic acids (SAs) are α-keto-acid sugars with a nine-carbon backbone present at the non-reducing end of human milk oligosaccharides and glycan moiety glycoconjugates. SAs displayed on cell surfaces participate in regulation many physiologically important cellular molecular processes, including signaling adhesion. Additionally, sialyl-oligosaccharides from act as prebiotics colon by promoting settling proliferation specific bacteria SA metabolism capabilities. Sialidases glycosyl hydrolases that release α-2,3-, α-2,6- α-2,8-glycosidic linkages terminal residues oligosaccharides, glycoproteins glycolipids. The research sialidases has been traditionally focused pathogenic microorganisms, where these enzymes considered virulence factors. There is now growing interest commensal probiotic their potential transglycosylation activity for production functional mimics to complement infant formulas. This review provides an overview exo-alpha-sialidases gastrointestinal tract some insights into biological role biotechnological applications.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the Immunological Quality of Breast Milk in Maternal Overweight and Obesity

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(24), P. 5016 - 5016

Published: Dec. 5, 2023

Maternal obesity, affecting many pregnant women globally, not only poses immediate health risks but also modulates breast milk composition. Obesity is linked to inflammation and oxidative stress, impacting milk's immune properties. This paper explores the intricate relationship between maternal metabolic disorders, such as immunological components. We conducted a thorough search for original review articles published until 17 October 2023 in PUBMED/Scopus database. included several terms related human milk, properties, obesity. Articles were selected with consensus of all authors. disorders have discernible effects on composition immune-related components immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, growth factors, extracellular vesicles, lymphocytes. These changes can significantly impact newborn's system, potential long-term implications beyond postnatal period. critical factor shaping trajectory neonate through breastfeeding, although full advantages breastfeeding children mothers obesity remain uncertain. Ongoing research aims understand unravel these links.

Language: Английский

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Docosahexaenoic Acid in Formulas for Term Infants: The Way from Pioneer Idea to Mandatory Dietary Recommendation

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 1326 - 1326

Published: June 5, 2023

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a novel mandatory constituent of breast-milk-substitute infant formula in Europe. The aim the present narrative review was to summarize available data connection with background European dietary recommendation add at least 20 mg/100 kcal (4.8 kJ) DHA formula. literature search expression “docosahexaenoic (infant or human milk formula)” revealed nearly 2000 papers, including more than 400 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). persistent (HM) worldwide mean level 0.37% (standard deviation: 0.11%) all fatty acids HM. RCTs on supplementing lactating women showed some indications, though no direct evidence beneficial effect enhanced HM development breastfed infants. most-recent Cochrane investigating supplementation for full-term infants reported recommending supplementation. controversy between view and actual may be related numerous hurdles organizing high-quality studies this field. On basis official food composition recommendation, today Europe, should considered as essential

Language: Английский

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Maternal Diet May Modulate Breast Milk Microbiota—A Case Study in a Group of Colombian Women

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1812 - 1812

Published: July 14, 2023

There is increasing evidence that the diet and nutritional status of women during pregnancy lactation can modulate microbiota their milk and, therefore, infant. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in a group lactating women. Dietary intake gestation first trimester evaluated, analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing using Illumina platform. Globally, Streptococcus spp. (32%), Staphylococcus (17.3%), Corynebacterium (5.1%) Veillonella (3.1%) were predominant bacterial genera. The consumption simple carbohydrates (rho = 0.55, p ≤ 0.01) 0.50, positively correlated with Enterobacter In lactation, negative correlation observed between genus Bifidobacterium -0.51 0.01); furthermore, positive identified folic acid Akkermansia 0.47, 0.01). Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) associated delivery mode, employment relationship, baby's gender, birth weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) breastfeeding woman, gestational weight gain recovered as covariates linear mixed model. results this research showed maternal could breast milk.

Language: Английский

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Associations between human milk oligosaccharides and infant growth in a Bangladeshi mother–infant cohort

Pediatric Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 5, 2023

We aimed to estimate associations between human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and infant growth (length-for-age (LAZ) weight-for-length (WLZ) z-scores) at 12 months postnatal age.

Language: Английский

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