Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 7910 - 7910

Published: April 26, 2023

Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from general pathology perspective, particularly with regard atherogenesis patterns in context both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In review, we analyze various typical phenomena outcomes cellular pro-inflammatory stress atherosclerosis, as well role endothelial dysfunction local systemic manifestations low-grade inflammation. We also present features immune development productive stable unstable plaques, along their similarities differences compared There are numerous factors that act inducers inflammatory process including vascular endothelium aging, metabolic dysfunctions, autoimmune, some cases, infectious damage factors. Life-critical complications such cardiogenic shock severe strokes, associated acute hyperinflammation. Additionally, critical atherosclerotic ischemia lower extremities induces paracoagulation chronic Conversely, sepsis, other conditions, diseases contribute atherogenesis. summary, can be characterized an independent form inflammation, sharing but having fundamental variants (classic vasculitis).

Language: Английский

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JAK-STAT signaling in inflammation and stress-related diseases: implications for therapeutic interventions

Molecular Biomedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Nov. 8, 2023

Abstract The Janus kinase-signal transducer and transcription activator pathway (JAK-STAT) serves as a cornerstone in cellular signaling, regulating physiological pathological processes such inflammation stress. Dysregulation this can lead to severe immunodeficiencies malignancies, its role extends neurotransduction pro-inflammatory signaling mechanisms. Although JAK inhibitors (Jakinibs) have successfully treated immunological inflammatory disorders, their application has generally been limited diseases with similar pathogenic features. Despite the modest expression of JAK-STAT CNS, it is crucial for functions cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, making relevant conditions like Parkinson's disease other neuroinflammatory disorders. Furthermore, influence on serotonin receptors phospholipase C implications stress mood This review expands understanding JAK-STAT, moving beyond traditional contexts explore stress-related disorders CNS function. Recent findings, effectiveness Jakinibs chronic rheumatoid arthritis, expand therapeutic applicability. Advances isoform-specific inhibitors, including filgotinib upadacitinib, promise greater specificity fewer off-target effects. Combination therapies, involving monoclonal antibodies, aiming enhance efficacy also give great hope. Overall, bridges gap between basic science clinical application, elucidating complex human health guiding future interventions. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Silymarin and Inflammation: Food for Thoughts

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 98 - 98

Published: Jan. 14, 2024

Inflammation is a vital defense mechanism, creating hostile conditions for pathogens, preventing the spread of tissue infection and repairing damaged tissues in humans animals. However, when inflammation resolution delayed or compromised as result its misregulation, process proceeds from acute phase to chronic inflammation, leading development various illnesses. It proven that redox balance disturbances oxidative stress are among major factors inducing NF-κB over-inflammation. Therefore, anti-inflammatory properties natural antioxidants have been widely tested vitro vivo systems. Accumulating evidence indicates silymarin (SM) main constituent silibinin/silybin (SB) great potential an anti-inflammation agent. The mechanism SM/SB action attributed inhibition TLR4/NF-κB-mediated signaling pathways downregulated expression pro-inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, CCL4, CXCL10, etc. Of note, same model systems, was able upregulate cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β, etc.) lipid mediators involved inflammation. inflammatory were clearly demonstrated systems based on immune (macrophages monocytes) non-immune (epithelial, skin, bone, connective cancer) cells. At time, confirmed number models, toxicity nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, ischemia/reperfusion stress-induced injuries, ageing exercising wound healing many other relevant seems likely activities key elements health-promoting these phytochemicals.

Language: Английский

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Acute and Chronic Systemic Inflammation: Features and Differences in the Pathogenesis, and Integral Criteria for Verification and Differentiation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 1144 - 1144

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Currently, there is rationale for separating the systemic manifestations of classical inflammation from (SI) itself as an independent form general pathological process underlying pathogenesis most severe acute and chronic diseases. With this aim in view, we used integral scales SI (ChSI), including following blood plasma parameters: interleukins 6, 8, 10; tumor necrosis factor alpha; C-reactive protein; D-dimer; cortisol; troponin I; myoglobin. The presence multiple organ dysfunction according to SOFA score was also taken into account. effectiveness tested groups intensive care patients during different periods trauma, sepsis, septic shock. ChSI scale applicable under autoimmune diseases, purulent infections, limb threatening ischemia, end-stage renal disease various genesis. number examined 764 total. allowed us verify specific phases identify pathogenetic risk factors lethal outcomes, well variants pathologies course. These are open adaptable systems (in terms nomenclature choice indicators). They primarily intended scientific research. However, verification methodology presented paper may be useful developing advanced criteria assessing both typical links many diseases severity overall condition clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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A Review of the Therapeutic Potential of Sulfur Compounds in Allium sativum

Measurement Food, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15, P. 100195 - 100195

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Pathophysiology of Long COVID: The Central Role of Low-Grade Inflammation and Multisystem Involvement

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(12), P. 6389 - 6389

Published: June 9, 2024

Long COVID (LC), also referred to as Post COVID-19 Condition, Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC), and other terms, represents a complex multisystem disease persisting after the acute phase COVID-19. Characterized by myriad symptoms across different organ systems, LC presents significant diagnostic management challenges. Central disorder is role low-grade inflammation, non-classical inflammatory response that contributes chronicity diversity observed. This review explores pathophysiological underpinnings LC, emphasizing importance inflammation core component. By delineating pathogenetic relationships clinical manifestations this article highlights necessity for an integrated approach employs both personalized medicine standardized protocols aimed at mitigating long-term consequences. The insights gained not only enhance our understanding but inform development therapeutic strategies could be applicable chronic conditions with similar features.

Language: Английский

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Lion’s Mane Mushroom (Hericium erinaceus): A Neuroprotective Fungus with Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Potential—A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(8), P. 1307 - 1307

Published: April 9, 2025

Hericium erinaceus, commonly known as lion’s mane mushroom, has gained increasing scientific interest due to its rich composition of bioactive compounds and diverse health-promoting properties. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview the nutritional therapeutic potential H. with particular focus on anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities. A structured literature search was performed using databases such PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web Science, Google Scholar. Studies published in last two decades focusing erinaceus’ were included. The chemical erinaceus includes polysaccharides, terpenoids (hericenones erinacines), phenolic compounds, which exhibit potent antioxidant effects by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducing endogenous enzymes. Additionally, shows promising activity against bacterial fungal pathogens, applications combating antibiotic-resistant infections. mushroom’s capacity stimulate nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis highlighted preventing managing neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s. Advances biotechnological methods, including optimized cultivation techniques novel extraction may further enhance bioavailability pharmacological erinaceus. Despite findings, clinical validation remains limited. Future research should prioritize large-scale trials, standardization elucidation pharmacokinetics facilitate integration into evidence-based medicine. functional food, nutraceutical, adjunct agent highlights need for interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers, clinicians, regulatory bodies.

Language: Английский

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Alternative Methods for Skin-Sensitization Assessment

Toxics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 740 - 740

Published: Nov. 29, 2022

Skin sensitization is a term used to refer the regulatory hazard known as allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in humans or hypersensitivity rodents, an important health endpoint considered chemical and risk assessments. Information on skin potential required various frameworks, such Directive of European Parliament Council Registration, Evaluation Authorization Chemicals (REACH). The identification skin-sensitizing chemicals previously use animal testing, which now being replaced by alternative methods. Alternative methods field are based measurement prediction key events (KE), i.e., (i) molecular triggering event, covalent binding electrophilic substances nucleophilic centers proteins; (ii) activation keratinocytes; (iii) dendritic cells; (iv) proliferation T cells. This review article focuses current state knowledge regarding corresponding each considers latest trends development modification these

Language: Английский

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MicroRNAs: Key modulators of inflammation-associated diseases

Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 154, P. 364 - 373

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

Language: Английский

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A review of ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, nutritional values, and pharmacological activities of Hylocereus polyrhizus

Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 353 - 365

Published: June 27, 2024

Hylocereus polyrhizus (Red dragon) fruit, a Cactaceae plant with traditional and medicinal uses, is found in America South Asia. These fruits have diversified bioactive components, which make them both therapeutically nutritionally important. This review focuses on the various aspects of this potential plant. literature looked at nutritional information, botanical description, medical use, values, chemical compounds, pharmacological activities H. polyrhizus. To evaluate required resources, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane electronic databases, Google Scholar search engines were searched (for example, OR dragon red pitaya pitaya, AND phytochemical, ethnomedicinal). Prominent elements included phenolic compounds such as α-amyrin (15.87%) β-amyrin (13.90%). also contains antioxidant, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, hypolipidemic, antiviral, thrombolytic, antiplasmodial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic activities. Because its colouring pigments, carbohydrates, proteins, fat substitution properties, fruit commonly used culinary grooming. An improved understanding polyrhizus, according to study, could pave way for discovery new, beneficial chemicals therapeutic potential.

Language: Английский

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