Kosmos,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
72(3), P. 259 - 278
Published: Dec. 27, 2022
Obecnie
najczęściej
stosowaną
metodą
eliminacji
owadów
szkodliwych
ze
środowiska
są
pestycydy.
Ich
użycie
wiąże
się
z
wysoką
skutecznością,
nie
jest
jednak
pozbawione
wad.
Wytwarzanie
odporności
wśród
szkodników,
niska
wybiórczość
działania,
możliwość
kumulacji
w
wodzie
i
glebie
a
także
negatywny
wpływ
na
zdrowie
ludzi
zwierząt
to
tylko
niektóre
zarzuty
wobec
stosowania
pestycydów.
Dlatego
jako
alternatywę
proponuje
wykorzystanie
organizmów
entomopatogennych.
W
przeciwieństwie
do
bakterii
wirusów,
entomopatogenne
grzyby
mają
zdolność
trawienia
kutikuli
owadów.
Sam
proces
infekcji
wieloetapowy.
Kluczowym
momentem
adhezja
zarodnika
powierzchni
kutikuli.
Kutikula
pierwszą
mechaniczną
barierą,
chroniącą
przed
infekcją
grzybową.
Drugim
ważnym
czynnikiem
wytworzonym
przez
owady
walki
patogenami
układ
odpornościowy
mechanizmami
obrony
komórkowej
humoralnej.
Dokładne
poznanie
zarówno
procesu
jak
również
mechanizmów
obronnych
przyczyni
komercyjnego
wykorzystania
entomopategenów
zwalczaniu
szkodliwych.
Frontiers in Genetics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: June 9, 2023
The
relationship
between
insect
pathogenic
fungi
and
their
hosts
is
a
classic
example
of
co-evolutionary
arms
race
pathogen
target
host:
parasites
evolve
towards
mechanisms
that
increase
advantage
over
the
host,
host
increasingly
strengthens
its
defenses.
present
review
summarizes
literature
data
describing
direct
indirect
role
lipids
as
an
important
defense
mechanism
during
fungal
infection.
Insect
comprise
anatomical
physiological
barriers,
cellular
humoral
response
mechanisms.
entomopathogenic
have
unique
ability
to
digest
cuticle
by
producing
hydrolytic
enzymes
with
chitin-,
lipo-
proteolytic
activity;
besides
oral
tract,
pays
way
for
entry
within
host.
key
factor
in
resistance
infection
presence
certain
types
(free
fatty
acids,
waxes
or
hydrocarbons)
which
can
promote
inhibit
attachment
cuticle,
might
also
antifungal
activity.
Lipids
are
considered
source
energy,
triglycerides
stored
fat
body,
structure
analogous
liver
adipose
tissue
vertebrates.
In
addition,
body
plays
innate
immunity
range
bactericidal
proteins
polypeptides,
one
lysozyme.
Energy
derived
from
lipid
metabolism
used
hemocytes
migrate
site
infection,
phagocytosis,
nodulation
encapsulation.
One
polyunsaturated
acid,
arachidonic
synthesis
eicosanoids,
play
several
crucial
roles
physiology
immunology.
Apolipoprotein
III
compound
activity,
modulate
signal
molecule.
BMC Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: Jan. 5, 2025
Alternative
food
sources
are
crucial
for
the
survival
and
reproduction
of
moths
during
nectar
scarcity.
Noctuid
make
a
better
use
fermented
than
from
other
families,
while
underlying
molecular
genetic
basis
remain
unexplored.
As
fermentation
progresses,
yeasts
lysis
accumulation
metabolic
byproducts
alter
composition
volatile
release
sugary
substrates.
However,
it
is
unclear
whether
how
this
would
affect
feeding
preference
moths.
Here,
we
identified
eight
compounds
abundant
in
dynamic
profiles
several
substrates
yeast
fermentation.
We
showed
that
cotton
bollworm
were
attracted
to
being
repelled
when
over-fermented.
The
attraction
aversion
respectively
mediated
by
isoamyl
alcohol
octanoic
acid.
deorphanized
olfactory
receptors
detecting
these
two
found
they
belonged
distinct
gene
families
functionally
conserved
across
four
noctuid
subfamilies;
HarmOR52
orthologues
responded
attractive
HarmIR75q.1
aversive
Our
findings
suggest
functional
conservation
an
adaptation
has
allowed
extend
their
diet
sources.
Pathogens,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(1), P. 38 - 38
Published: Jan. 7, 2025
Hemolymph
enables
communication
between
organs
in
insects
and
ensures
necessary
coordination
homeostasis.
Its
composition
can
provide
important
information
about
the
physiological
state
of
an
insect
have
diagnostic
significance,
which
might
be
particularly
case
harmful
subjected
to
biological
control.
Galleria
mellonella
Linnaeus
1758
(Lepidoptera:
Pyralidae)
is
a
global
pest
honey
bee
colonies.
The
hemolymph
its
larvae
was
examined
after
infection
with
soil
fungus
Conidiobolus
coronatus
(Constantin)
Batko
1964
(Entomophthorales).
It
found
that
one
hour
contact
fungus,
volume
increased
while
total
protein
content
decreased.
In
high
pathogen
load,
just
before
death,
decreased
nearly
initial
levels,
synthesis
(incorporation
35S-labeled
methionine)
increased.
polypeptide
profile
(SDS-PAGE
followed
by
autoradiography)
infected
significantly
different
from
healthy
larvae.
Hemocytes
did
not
surround
fungal
hyphae,
although
they
encapsulated
small
foreign
bodies
(phase
contrast
microscopy).
Infection
had
negative
effect
on
hemocytes,
causing
oenocyte
spherulocyte
deformation,
granulocyte
degranulation,
plasmatocyte
vacuolization,
hemocyte
disintegration.
GC-MS
analysis
revealed
presence
21
compounds
control
insects.
C.
caused
appearance
5
fatty
acids
absent
(heptanoic,
decanoic,
adipic,
suberic,
tridecanoic),
disappearance
4
(monopalmitoylglycerol,
monooleoylglycerol,
monostearin,
cholesterol),
changes
concentrations
8
compounds.
remains
open
question
whether
substances
appearing
are
product
or
if
released
tissues
damaged
growing
hyphae.
