Immunological mechanisms of inflammatory diseases caused by gut microbiota dysbiosis: A review

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 164, P. 114985 - 114985

Published: June 11, 2023

The gut microbiota is indispensable for maintaining host health by enhancing the host's digestive capacity, safeguarding intestinal epithelial barrier, and preventing pathogen invasion. Additionally, exhibits a bidirectional interaction with immune system promotes of to mature. Dysbiosis microbiota, primarily caused factors such as genetic susceptibility, age, BMI, diet, drug abuse, significant contributor inflammatory diseases. However, mechanisms underlying diseases resulting from dysbiosis lack systematic categorization. In this study, we summarize normal physiological functions symbiotic in healthy state demonstrate that when occurs due various external factors, are lost, leading pathological damage lining, metabolic disorders, barrier damage. This, turn, triggers disorders eventually causes systems. These discoveries provide fresh perspectives on how diagnose treat unrecognized variables might affect link between illnesses need further studies extensive basic clinical research will still be required investigate relationship future.

Language: Английский

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The Role of the Oral Microbiome in the Development of Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 5231 - 5231

Published: March 9, 2023

Periodontal disease (PD) is a complex and infectious illness that begins with disruption of bacterial homeostasis. This induces host inflammatory response, leading to damage the soft connective tooth-supporting tissues. Moreover, in advanced cases, it can contribute tooth loss. The aetiological factors PDs have been widely researched, but pathogenesis PD has still not totally clarified. There are number an effect on aetiology PD. It purported microbiological, genetic susceptibility lifestyle determine development severity disease. human body’s defence response accumulation plaque its enzymes known be major factor for oral cavity colonised by characteristic microbiota grows as diverse biofilms all mucosal dental surfaces. aim this review was provide latest updates literature regarding still-existing problems highlight role microbiome periodontal health Better awareness knowledge causes dysbiosis, environmental risk therapy reduce growing worldwide prevalence PDs. promotion good hygiene, limiting smoking, alcohol consumption exposure stress comprehensive treatment decrease pathogenicity biofilm help well other diseases. Evidence linking disorders various systemic diseases increased understanding importance regulating many processes body and, thus, impact

Language: Английский

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Ginsenoside Rb1 ameliorates heart failure through DUSP-1-TMBIM-6-mediated mitochondrial quality control and gut flora interactions

Phytomedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 132, P. 155880 - 155880

Published: July 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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Fibromyalgia and Irritable Bowel Syndrome Interaction: A Possible Role for Gut Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1701 - 1701

Published: June 13, 2023

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a serious chronic pain syndrome, characterised by muscle and joint stiffness, insomnia, fatigue, mood disorders, cognitive dysfunction, anxiety, depression intestinal irritability. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) shares many of these symptoms, FM IBS frequently co-exist, which suggests common aetiology for the two diseases. The exact physiopathological mechanisms underlying both onset are unknown. Researchers have investigated possible causes, including alterations in gut microbiota, contain billions microorganisms human digestive tract. gut-brain axis has been proven to be link between microbiota central nervous system, can then control composition. In this review, we will discuss similarities IBS. Particularly, focus our attention on symptomatology overlap as well composition patients. We also briefly potential therapeutic approaches based manipulations that successfully used could employed patients relieve pain, ameliorate rehabilitation outcome, psychological distress symptoms.

Language: Английский

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Gut commensals and their metabolites in health and disease

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 8, 2023

Purpose of review This comprehensively discusses the role gut microbiome and its metabolites in health disease sheds light on importance a holistic approach assessing gut. Recent findings The consisting bacteriome, mycobiome, archaeome, virome has profound effect human health. Gut dysbiosis which is characterized by perturbations microbial population not only results gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms or conditions but can also give rise to extra-GI manifestations. microorganisms produce (short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide, methane, so on) that are important for several interkingdom interactions functions. They participate various host metabolic processes. An alteration species affect their respective metabolite concentrations have serious implications. Effective assessment crucial as it provide insights into one’s overall Summary Emerging evidence highlights disease. As implicated GI well symptoms, plays well-being host. may status leading more care.

Language: Английский

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Research progress on the relationship between bile acid metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Nov. 17, 2023

Abstract Bile acids, which are steroid molecules originating from cholesterol and synthesized in the liver, play a pivotal role regulating glucose metabolism maintaining energy balance. Upon release into intestine alongside bile, they activate various nuclear membrane receptors, influencing crucial processes. These bile acids have emerged as significant contributors to managing type 2 diabetes mellitus, complex clinical syndrome primarily driven by insulin resistance. substantially lower blood levels through multiple pathways: BA-FXR-SHP, BA-FXR-FGFR15/19, BA-TGR5-GLP-1, BA-TGR5-cAMP. They also impact regulation intestinal flora, endoplasmic reticulum stress, bitter taste receptors. Collectively, these regulatory mechanisms enhance sensitivity, stimulate secretion, boost expenditure. This review aims comprehensively explore interplay between acid T2DM, focusing on primary pathways. By examining latest advancements our understanding of interactions, we aim illuminate potential therapeutic strategies identify areas for future research. Additionally, this critically assesses current research limitations contribute effective management T2DM.

Language: Английский

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The role of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in intestinal inflammation

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 288, P. 127838 - 127838

Published: July 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Causal relationship between gut microbiota and polycystic ovary syndrome: a literature review and Mendelian randomization study

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Introduction Numerous studies have suggested an association between gut microbiota and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). However, the causal relationship these two factors remains unclear. Methods A review of observational was conducted to compare changes in PCOS patients controls. The analysis focused on four levels classification, namely, phylum, family, genus, species/genus subgroups. To further investigate relationship, Mendelian randomization (MR) employed using genome-wide study (GWAS) data from MiBioGen consortium, as well GWAS a large meta-analysis PCOS. Additionally, reverse MR performed, results were verified through sensitivity analyses. Results present included 18 that met inclusion exclusion criteria. abundance 64 taxa significantly differed Using method, eight bacteria identified causally associated with protective effects genus Sellimonas remained significant after applying Bonferroni correction. No heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy found instrumental variables (IVs). Reverse analyses did not reveal effect microbiota. Conclusion differences controls vary across studies. specific are related Future should showed analyses, underlying mechanisms this its potential clinical significance.

Language: Английский

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The Gut Microbiota-Related Antihyperglycemic Effect of Metformin

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1), P. 55 - 55

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

It is critical to sustain the diversity of microbiota maintain host homeostasis and health. Growing evidence indicates that changes in gut microbial biodiversity may be associated with development several pathologies, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metformin still first-line drug for treatment T2DM unless there are contra-indications. The primarily inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis increases sensitivity target cells (hepatocytes, adipocytes myocytes) insulin; however, increasing suggests it also influence gut. As patients exhibit dysbiosis, intestinal microbiome has gained interest as a key metabolic diseases. Interestingly, were observed treated metformin compared those who not. Therefore, aim this review present current state knowledge regarding association antihyperglycemic effect metformin. Numerous studies indicate reduction glucose concentration due part microbiota. These contribute improved barrier integrity, increased production short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), regulation bile acid metabolism, enhanced absorption. addition well-recognized gluconeogenesis, appears exert its glucose-lowering by influencing biodiversity. However, we only beginning understand how acts on specific microorganisms intestine, further research needed role regulating impact remarkable

Language: Английский

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Intestinal flora plays a role in the progression of hepatitis-cirrhosis-liver cancer

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 9, 2023

The liver is a vital metabolism and detoxification organ of human body, which involved in the biotransformation organism. Hepatitis - cirrhosis cancer are significant common part diseases. pathogenesis diseases generally as followed: inflammation other pathogenic factors cause persistent damage to liver, leading activation hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) excessive deposition extracellular matrix. Patients with chronic hepatitis have high risk developing into fibrosis, cirrhosis, even life-threatening cancer, poses great threat public health.As first come contact blood from gut, profoundly affected by intestinal flora its metabolites, leaky gut imbalance being triggers liver's pathological response. So far, no one has reviewed role this process perspective progression hepatitis-cirrhosis-liver article reviews evidence supporting effect disease.

Language: Английский

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