Emerging role of the host microbiome in neuropsychiatric disorders: overview and future directions

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(9), P. 3625 - 3637

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Abstract The human body harbors a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively known as the microbiota. Current research is increasingly focusing on potential association between microbiota various neuropsychiatric disorders. resides in parts body, such oral cavity, nasal passages, lungs, gut, skin, bladder, vagina. gut gastrointestinal tract has received particular attention due to its high abundance role psychiatric neurodegenerative However, presents other tissues, though less abundant, also plays crucial immune system homeostasis, thus influencing development progression For example, imbalance associated periodontitis might increase risk for Additionally, studies using postmortem brain samples have detected widespread presence bacteria brains patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This article provides an overview emerging host disorders discusses future directions, underlying biological mechanisms, reliable biomarkers microbiota, microbiota-targeted interventions, this field.

Language: Английский

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Microbiome Dynamics: A Paradigm Shift in Combatting Infectious Diseases

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 217 - 217

Published: Feb. 18, 2024

Infectious diseases have long posed a significant threat to global health and require constant innovation in treatment approaches. However, recent groundbreaking research has shed light on previously overlooked player the pathogenesis of disease-the human microbiome. This review article addresses intricate relationship between microbiome infectious unravels its role as crucial mediator host-pathogen interactions. We explore remarkable potential harnessing this dynamic ecosystem develop innovative strategies that could revolutionize management diseases. By exploring latest advances emerging trends, aims provide new perspective combating by targeting

Language: Английский

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Salivary microbiota dysbiosis and elevated polyamine levels contribute to the severity of periodontal disease

BMC Oral Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

The oral cavity is a complex environment which harbours the second largest and most diverse microflora after gastrointestinal tract. bacteriome in plays pivotal role promoting health well-being of human beings. Gingivitis, an inflammation gingival tissue, arises due to plaque accumulation on teeth, often leads periodontitis. Progression periodontitis resulting clinical attachment loss, bone loss eventually tooth poorly understood. present study explores transitions microbioata, oxidative stress polyamine levels during disease evolution can contribute developing effective therapeutic approaches. Saliva samples were collected from seventy-two individuals procuring informed consent who either healthy, gingivitis or stage-specific patients. Periodontitis stage was confirmed by radiographic analysis. Microbiota analysis carried out 16S rRNA sequencing Nanopore PromethIONsystem platform Oxford technologies. Polyamine quantified with fluorescence spectrophotometer. Ornithine decarboxylase quantification evaluated ELISA method. Antioxidant salivary measured DPPH, SOD, catalase assays. Autophagy acid phosphatase assay. microbiota exhibited significant changes their abundance diversity between healthy those conditions such as gingivitis, chronic A increase polyamines ornithine found various stages Elevated observed could have resulted cell death. current shows different stages. progressive elevation Streptococcus periodontitis, coupled concentrations, may serve promising identification marker for assessing severity periodontal disease. Insight into bacterial flora associated physiological provide foundation targeted interventions diseases emphasising importance personalised management strategies.

Language: Английский

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Porphyromonas gingivalis, a bridge between oral health and immune evasion in gastric cancer

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 14, 2024

Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P. ) is a gram-negative oral pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis. Previous studies have linked poor health and periodontitis cancer. Severe cases of periodontal disease can result in advanced periodontitis, leading to tissue degradation, tooth loss, may also correlate higher gastric cancer (GC) risk. In fact, loss an elevated risk However, the clinical evidence for this association remains inconclusive. Periodontitis characterized by inflammation upregulation members Programmed Death 1/PD1 Ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) axis that leads immunosuppressive state. Given immunosuppression are conditions facilitate progression carcinogenesis, we hypothesize and/or its virulence factors serve as mechanistic link between carcinogenesis/GC progression. We discuss potential impact ’ (gingipains, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), fimbriae) on response immune checkpoint inhibitors GC which part current standard care stage patients.

Language: Английский

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Oral Microbiota: The Influences and Interactions of Saliva, IgA, and Dietary Factors in Health and Disease

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 2307 - 2307

Published: Sept. 13, 2023

Recent advances in metagenomic analyses have made it easier to analyze microbiota. The microbiota, a symbiotic community of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses within specific environment tissues such as the digestive tract skin, has complex relationship with host. studies revealed that microbiota composition balance particularly affect health host onset disease. Influences diet, food preferences, sanitation play crucial roles composition. oral cavity is where directly communicates outside. Stable temperature humidity provide optimal growth environments for many bacteria. However, unique susceptible pH changes, salinity, nutrients, external pathogens. emphasized importance changes bacterial could contribute development systemic diseases. This review focuses on saliva, IgA, fermented foods because they critical maintaining by regulating its balance. More attention should be paid regulatory factors health.

Language: Английский

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Mechanistic role of quercetin as inhibitor for adenosine deaminase enzyme in rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review

Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(1)

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease involving T and B lymphocytes. Autoantibodies contribute to joint deterioration worsening symptoms. Adenosine deaminase (ADA), enzyme in purine metabolism, influences adenosine levels inflammation. Inhibiting ADA could impact RA progression. Intracellular ATP breakdown generates adenosine, which increases hypoxic inflammatory conditions. Lymphocytes with play a role RA. lymphocytic activity has immune-regulatory effect. Synovial fluid of are closely associated the disease’s systemic activity, making it useful parameter for evaluating Flavonoids, such as quercetin (QUE), natural substances that can inhibit activity. QUE demonstrates effects restores T-cell homeostasis, promising candidate therapy. In this review, we will explore suppressing reducing produced inflammation RA, including preclinical investigations clinical trials. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the Relevance of the Oral Cavity as a Staphylococcus aureus Colonization Site and Potential Source of Antimicrobial Resistance

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 765 - 765

Published: May 26, 2023

Staphylococcus aureus is both a human commensal and pathogen, that causes serious nosocomial community-acquired infections. Despite nostrils being considered its preferred host habitat, the oral cavity has been demonstrated to be an ideal starting point for auto-infection transmission. The antibiotic resistance assessment of S. priority often reported in clinical settings. This study aimed explore prevalence antimicrobial susceptibility nasal cavities healthy individuals. participants (n = 101) were subjected demographic background survey, caries evaluation, swabbing. Swabs cultured differential/selective media isolates identified (MALDI-TOF MS) tested (EUCAST/CLSI). Similar was found exclusively on (13.9%) or (12.0%) habitats, whereas 9.9% population simultaneous carriers. In oro-nasal cavities, similar rates (83.3-81.5%), including MDR (20.8-29.6%), observed. Notably, 60% (6/10) carriers exhibited different profiles between cavities. demonstrates relevance as independent colonization site potential source resistance, role which widely neglected so far.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy of a mouthwash containing ε-poly-L-lysine, funme peptides and domiphen in reducing halitosis and supragingival plaque: a randomized clinical trial

BMC Oral Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: May 3, 2024

Abstract Objective To evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of a combination ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL), funme peptide (FP) as well domiphen against oral pathogens, and assess efficacy BOP® mouthwash supplemented with this in reducing halitosis supragingival plaque clinical trial. Materials methods The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) bactericidal (MBC) compound Fusobacterium nucleatum , Porphyromonas gingivalis Streptococcus mutans Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were determined by gradient dilution method. Subsequently, CCK-8 assay was used to detect toxicity on human gingival fibroblastst, analyzed randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled Results exhibited significant effects tested pathogens MIC < 1.56% (v/v) MBC 3.13% (v/v), containing did not inhibit viability fibroblasts at test concentrations. trial showed that group displayed notably lower volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) 0, 10, 24 h, 7 d post-mouthwash ( P 0.05), compared baseline. After days, VSC levels control groups reduced 50.27% 32.12%, respectively, cutting severe 57.03% group. Additionally, Plaque Index (PLI) decreased 54.55% 8.38%, there difference PLI between two after days 0.01). Conclusions ε-PL, FP demonstrated potent newly formulated added anti-dental anti-halitosis properties safe. Trial registration randomized controlled registered Chinese Clinical Registry (No. ChiCTR2300073816, Date: 21/07/2023).

Language: Английский

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The Oral Microbiome of Peri-Implant Health and Disease: A Narrative Review

Dentistry Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 299 - 299

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

Peri-implantitis disease has increased significantly over the last years, resulting in failure of implants. Many factors may play a role implant complications and failure, including ones related to oral microbiota. This literature review aims summarize current knowledge microbiome implants health disease, focusing not only on presence/absence specific microbiota or their relative abundance, but also phenotypic expression complex relationships with host. The authors examined MEDLINE database identified key topics about peri-implant disease. differs from that tooth, both as they are structurally chemically different. adhesion formation biofilm can be affected by surface energy, topography, wettability, electrochemical charges surface. In addition, morphogenesis tissues surrounding dental making more susceptible bacterial infection. interplay between host immune system infections still needs elucidated.

Language: Английский

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Periodontal health in a large cohort of Ugandans living with HIV: a cross-sectional study

BMC Oral Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Oct. 29, 2024

Language: Английский

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