Expression and function of toll-like receptor 2 in vertebrate

Acta Histochemica, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 125(3), P. 152028 - 152028

Published: April 1, 2023

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential for identifying and detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) produced by a variety of pathogens, including viruses bacteria. Since TLR2 is the only TLR capable creating functional heterodimers with more than two other types, it very important vertebrate immunity. not broadens PAMPs that can recognize but has also potential to diversify subsequent signaling cascades. ubiquitous, which consistent wide tasks functions serves. Immune cells, endothelial epithelial cells have all been found express TLR2. This review aims gather currently available information about preservation this intriguing immunological molecule in phylum vertebrates.

Language: Английский

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A 14-amino acid cationic peptide Bolespleenin334-347 from the marine fish mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris exhibiting potent antimicrobial activity and therapeutic potential

Biochemical Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 226, P. 116344 - 116344

Published: June 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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Immunohistochemistry of the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) in African Bonytongue (Heterotis niloticus, Cuvier 1829)

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2316 - 2316

Published: Jan. 24, 2023

Heterotis niloticus is a basal teleost, belonging to the Osteoglossidae family, which widespread in many parts of Africa. The digestive tract H. presents similar characteristics those higher vertebrates, exhibiting gizzard-like stomach and lymphoid aggregates intestinal lamina propria. adaptive immune system teleost fish linked with each their mucosal body surfaces. In fish, gut-associated tissue (GALT) generally diffuse that represents an important line defense against pathogens inhabiting external environment can enter through food. GALT comprises intraepithelial lymphocytes, reside epithelial layer, propria leukocytes, consist macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic-like cells. This study aims characterize, for first time, leukocytes present niloticus, by confocal immuno- fluorescence techniques, using specific antibodies: toll-like receptor 2, major histocompatibility complex class II, S100 protein, serotonin, CD4, langerin, inducible nitric oxide synthetase. Our results show massive cells thickness submucosa, arranged circumscribed oval-shaped structures are morphologically isolated follicles birds mammals, thus expanding our knowledge about immunity shown this fish.

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive review on the dynamic role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in frontier aquaculture research and as a promising avenue for fish disease management

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 253, P. 126541 - 126541

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

Language: Английский

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Coelomocytes of the Oligochaeta earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) as evolutionary key of defense: a morphological study

Zoological Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: March 4, 2023

Abstract Metazoans have several mechanisms of internal defense for their survival. The system evolved alongside the organisms. Annelidae circulating coelomocytes that perform functions comparable to phagocytic immune cells vertebrates. Several studies shown these are involved in phagocytosis, opsonization, and pathogen recognition processes. Like vertebrate macrophages, permeate organs from coelomic cavity capture or encapsulate pathogens, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO). Furthermore, they produce a range bioactive proteins response detoxification through lysosomal system. Coelomocytes can also participate lithic reactions against target release antimicrobial peptides. Our study immunohistochemically identify Lumbricus terrestris scattered epidermal connective layer below, both longitudinal smooth muscle layer, immunoreactive TLR2, CD14 α-Tubulin first time. TLR2 not fully colocalized with each other, suggesting may belong two distinct families. expression molecules on confirms crucial role Oligochaeta protostomes, phylogenetic conservation receptors. These data could provide further insights into understanding Annelida complex

Language: Английский

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Localization of Acetylcholine, Alpha 7-NAChR and the Antimicrobial Peptide Piscidin 1 in the Macrophages of Fish Gut: Evidence for a Cholinergic System, Diverse Macrophage Populations and Polarization of Immune Responses

Fishes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 43 - 43

Published: Jan. 8, 2023

The recognition and elimination of invading pathogens are vital for host survival. Macrophages play a central role in protection cells functionally reminiscent vertebrate macrophages present all multicellular organisms. A pattern responsible bacterial found on the surface is CD14. These possess repertoire antimicrobial molecules stored their granules lysosomes. Polarization states observed mammalian termed M1 M2 also likely exist fish macrophages. Markers macrophage subtypes slowly but definitively emerging species. In study cell markers such as CD14, acetylcholine, alpha 7 acetylcholine nicotinic receptor (nAChR) subtype, inducible nitric oxidase synthase (iNOS), peptide piscidin 1 reported first time intestinal both catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) African bonytongue Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier, 1829) along anterior posterior axis concentric muscle layers. Many effector responses including respiratory burst NO induction similar across diverse animal taxa. Antibodies against calbindin coupled with ones to VAChT tubulin revealed localization myenteric submucosal plexuses, which made up enteric neurons, glial cells, nerves near Current studies allow elucidation multiple roles disease models providing an insight into vivo function fish.

Language: Английский

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Shell formation in two species of bivalves: the role of mantle cells and haemocytes

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 200(4), P. 980 - 993

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

Abstract The shell of bivalves acts as structural support, defence against predators, stressors, and maintenance homeostasis. Haemocytes mantle epithelial cells participate in formation. Mantle produce the organic matrix are associated with biomineralization because their proximity to surface ability maintain deposition ex vivo. play an immunological role involved Ca2+ CO32- intracellular transport implicated mineralization. This study aims evaluate expression molecules that key roles internal nervous system, haemocytes outer margin two species bivalves, Polititapes aureus Gmelin, 1791 Cerastoderma glaucum Bruguière, 1789, highlight collaborative Our data show for first time presence serotonin/S100 protein, TLR2/iNOS colocalization P. C. glaucum, suggesting perform canonical sensory biomineralizing activity, while typical immune function, collaboration formation, providing new information on cellular interactions formation giving more details taxonomical studies.

Language: Английский

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Investigating the internal system of defense of Gastropoda Aplysia depilans (Gmelin, 1791): Focus on hemocytes

Fish & Shellfish Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 137, P. 108791 - 108791

Published: May 3, 2023

The internal defense system of mollusks represents an efficient protection against pathogens and parasites, involving several biological immune processes, such as phagocytosis, encapsulation, cytotoxicity, antigenic recognition self/non-self. Mollusks possess professional, migratory, circulating cells that play a key role in the organism, hemocytes. Several studies have been performed on hemocytes from different mollusks, but, to date, these are still scarcely explored. Different hemocyte populations found, according presence or absence granules, size, species studied. Our study aims deepen knowledge gastropod Aplysia depilans using morphological techniques light confocal microscopy, testing Toll-like receptor 2, inducible nitric oxide synthetase, nicotinic acetylcholine alpha 7 subunit. results show two distinguishable by presence/absence granules cytoplasm, strongly positive for antibodies tested, suggesting first time receptors surface sea hare immunohistochemistry. These data help understanding this gastropod, providing additional comprehending evolution response metazoan phylogenesis.

Language: Английский

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Functional Adaptations of Hemocytes of Aplysia depilans (Gmelin, 1791) and Their Putative Role in Neuronal Regeneration

Fishes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 32 - 32

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Invertebrates show great diversity in their responses to neural damage. Numerous invertebrate phyla, including gastropods, can replace all or a portion of nervous systems. Aplysia species have been utilized extensively toxicology, ecology, and neuroscience because neurological systems react bodily harm by releasing trophic substances that stimulate non-neural tissue regeneration induce changes the system. This study aims assess putative role hemocytes depilans (Gmelin, 1791) analyzing presence Toll-like receptor 2, inducible nitric oxide synthetase, and, particular, vimentin α-tubulin, molecules potentially implicated process regeneration. The results demonstrate aforementioned proteins are present hemocytes, suggesting defense response possible contribution neuronal this gastropod. These data provide deeper insight into internal system mollusk.

Language: Английский

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Morpho-structural adaptations of the integument in different aquatic organisms

Acta Histochemica, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 125(3), P. 152031 - 152031

Published: April 1, 2023

The integument acts as a barrier to protect the body from harmful pathogenic infectious agents, parasites, UV rays, trauma, and germs. of invertebrates vertebrates are structurally different: while usually have simple monolayer epidermis frequently covered by mucus, cuticles, or mineralized structures, possess multilayered with several specialized cells. This study aims describe morphological, histological, immunohistochemical analyses, morpho-structural adaptations throughout evolution gastropod Aplysia depilans (Gmelin, 1791), ascidian Styela plicata (Lesuer, 1823), myxine hagfish Eptatretus cirrhatus (Forster, 1801) teleost Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) for first time, special reference sensory epidermal Different types cells could be identified that varied according species; including mucous cells, serous glandular clavate club thread support In all integuments specimens analyzed, solitary were in epidermis, immunoreactive serotonin calbindin. Our provided an essential comparison integuments, adding new information about phylogenetic conservation on structural changes undergone during evolution.

Language: Английский

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