Expression and function of toll-like receptor 2 in vertebrate

Acta Histochemica, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 125(3), P. 152028 - 152028

Published: April 1, 2023

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential for identifying and detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) produced by a variety of pathogens, including viruses bacteria. Since TLR2 is the only TLR capable creating functional heterodimers with more than two other types, it very important vertebrate immunity. not broadens PAMPs that can recognize but has also potential to diversify subsequent signaling cascades. ubiquitous, which consistent wide tasks functions serves. Immune cells, endothelial epithelial cells have all been found express TLR2. This review aims gather currently available information about preservation this intriguing immunological molecule in phylum vertebrates.

Language: Английский

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The Current Status and Development Forecasts of Vaccines for Aquaculture and its Effects on Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106971 - 106971

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Anatomy, histology, and morphology of fish gills in relation to feeding habits: a comparative review of marine and freshwater species

BMC Zoology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Abstract This systematic review highlights the similarities and variations in gill morphology, histology, anatomical structure between differing fish species. The system consists of mainly four pairs arches most teleost fishes, such as sea bass, bream, grouper, red porgy, etc., while it three pufferfish striped-red mullet fish. However, Clarias gariepinus had five pairs, including an additional rudimentary fifth-gill arch. consisted arches, rakers, filaments, secondary lamellae with varied shapes hook, semilunar, L-shapes, crescentic shapes. Each arch carried two rows lateral medial, present fishes ( Mugil cephalus, Boops boops, Pagrus pagrus, Sparus aurata , European hake, Puffer fish, grey gurnard, bream). An row appears or (accessory) dusky grouper length shape rakers are related to feeding habits. longer, equal, more number developed than those medial rows, except at second third pufferfish, fourth pagrus . absent first Bagrus bayad carries structures, air-breathing dendritic organ catfish, located suprabranchial chamber caudodorsal gills composed main parts: small large ones originated by stems from fourth-gill respectively. interbranchial septum can be smooth, form a median crest (seabream), carry teeth spines (seabass, pufferfish). Four transversely raised areas on each side connected transverse lines caudal base tongue ) elevated part level third-gill Tilapia zilli ). Scanning electron microscopy explained micro-anatomical structures pavement cells, mucus cell openings, taste buds arch, grooves near filament side, their spines, heights types Histological findings revealed various superficial chloride mucous goblet basal epithelial cells. lymph space is situated within epithelia encompassed cells that resemble tenocytes. contains many immunological lymphocytes, granular leukocytes, rodlet comprises sensory known neuromasts hyaline cartilaginous support. underscores intricate relationship habits across marine freshwater highlighting importance understanding these for ecological, evolutionary, aquacultural applications

Language: Английский

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Fish as biological models: Implications for gut microbiota research in biomedical and aquaculture sciences

Aquaculture International, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 33(4)

Published: May 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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Improvement in growth, enzyme activity, and gene expression against Edwardsiellosis in African catfish (Clarias sp.) with dietary supplementation of euryhaline probiotic and paraprobiotic Bacillus cereus BR2

Aquaculture International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(7), P. 9303 - 9319

Published: July 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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The Effect of Vitamins on the Immune Systems of Pigs

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(14), P. 2126 - 2126

Published: July 21, 2024

In modern pig farming, there are many environmental, physiological or social stresses that weaken the immune response and increase susceptibility to disease. Nutritional management has a significant impact on efficiency of system in pigs. Among various nutrients, vitamins have been shown specific effects activity. However, needs genetic types not met by dietary recommendations for diets. The present study therefore summarises data integration with supranutritional doses gestating lactating sows post-weaning piglets terms response. highlight high an effective way improve system, antioxidant status gut health. Further studies needed deepen understanding role supplementation pigs functionality.

Language: Английский

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Internal Defense System of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819): Ecological Role of Hemocytes as Biomarkers for Thiacloprid and Benzo[a]Pyrene Pollution

Toxics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 731 - 731

Published: Aug. 25, 2023

The introduction of pollutants, such as thiacloprid and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), into the waters urbanized coastal estuarine areas through fossil fuel spills, domestic industrial waste discharges, atmospheric inputs, continental runoff poses a major threat to fauna flora aquatic environment can have significant impact on internal defense system invertebrates mussels. Using monoclonal polyclonal anti-Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) anti-inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) antibodies for first time, this work aims examine hemocytes in mantle gills M. galloprovincialis biomarkers B[a]P pollution analyze their potential synergistic effect. To pursue objective, samples were exposed both individually simultaneously. Subsequently, oxidative stress evaluated by enzymatic analysis, while tissue changes number different contaminated groups assessed via histomorphological immunohistochemical analyses. Our findings revealed that comparison single exposure, two pollutants together significantly elevated stress. Moreover, our data may potentially enhance knowledge how TLR2 iNOS part bivalves. This would help creating new technologies strategies, biosensors, are more suitable managing water pollution, garnering details condition marine ecosystem.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of snake skin: Role of cutaneous tactile corpuscles in Hierophis viridiflavus (Lacépède, 1789)

Acta Zoologica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 106(1), P. 88 - 99

Published: March 18, 2024

Abstract The skin of snakes acts as the first interface between these reptiles and environment they live in. It plays an important role in ecology organisms, specialised structures, such tactile corpuscles, are crucial sensing a wide variety stimuli. This study, by examining presence, localisation colocalisation serotonin, substance P, PGP 9.5 tubulin, wants to demonstrate sensory that structures play Green whip snake Hierophis viridiflavus (Lacépède, 1789). study presents evaluation nerve immune molecules (TLR2) corpuscles H. viridiflavius ventral skin, indicating potential defence structures. These findings provide valuable information on snakes, their systems, evolutionary morphostructural adaptations. Additionally, identification could support for taxonomic recognition. Furthermore, this expands knowledge about stimuli snakes.

Language: Английский

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Mechanosensory cells in annelid oligochaete Lumbricus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758): A new insight on worm evolution

Acta Zoologica, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 105(3), P. 331 - 339

Published: June 18, 2023

Abstract Ciliated and non‐ciliated mechanosensory cells in invertebrates have intricate cytoskeletal structures that, combined with microtubules, act as a mechanical link between external stimulus signal processing. As result, they can perceive forces like touch, cuticle deformation, gravity sound. Through the expression of antibodies against serotonin (5‐HT), calbindin, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) α‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA), this research aims to investigate integument Lumbricus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) an evolutionary perspective. In epidermis, we discovered isolated that were immunopositive every antibody examined. Our findings improve knowledge evolution annelid sensory biology adding new insights on transduction help better understand morpho‐structural adaptations invertebrate skin scale give more taxonomic data for species distinction.

Language: Английский

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Transcriptomics and Proteomics Analysis Reveals Damage to the Intestine and Gill Of&nbsp; <i>Larimichthys Crocea</i> Exposed to Iridovirus

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is an economically important marine aquaculture fish in China. Diseases caused by iridovirus infection have led to severe economic losses the of croaker, restricting healthy development industry. Studying immune response activated against pathogens can provide new insights into disease prevention and control. This study focuses on analyzing comprehensive mucosal immune-related organs (intestine gills) under from perspectives tissue pathology, transcriptome, proteome. A analysis multi-omics data histopathological results was conducted changes infected with at molecular, cellular, organ levels. aims select genes related mechanism elucidate molecular regulatory mechanisms immunity, providing a scientific basis for control diseases.

Language: Английский

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