Gut microbiota dysbiosis in polycystic ovary syndrome: Mechanisms of progression and clinical applications

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine diseases in women of childbearing age that leads to menstrual disorders and infertility. The pathogenesis PCOS complex has not yet been fully clarified. Gut microbiota associated with lipid, glucose, steroid hormone metabolish. A large body studies demonstrated gut could regulate synthesis secretion insulin, affect androgen metabolism follicle development, providing us a novel idea for unravelling PCOS. relationship between particularly important. This study reviewed recent research advances roles occurrence development It expected provide new direction treatment based on microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Caloric restriction prevents inheritance of polycystic ovary syndrome through oocyte-mediated DNA methylation reprogramming

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Molecular Mechanisms for the Vicious Cycle between Insulin Resistance and the Inflammatory Response in Obesity

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(12), P. 9818 - 9818

Published: June 6, 2023

The comprehensive anabolic effects of insulin throughout the body, in addition to control glycemia, include ensuring lipid homeostasis and anti-inflammatory modulation, especially adipose tissue (AT). prevalence obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, has been increasing worldwide on pandemic scale with accompanying syndemic health problems, including glucose intolerance, resistance (IR), diabetes. Impaired sensitivity or IR paradoxically leads diseases an inflammatory component despite hyperinsulinemia. Therefore, excess visceral AT obesity initiates chronic low-grade conditions that interfere signaling via receptors (INSRs). Moreover, response IR, hyperglycemia itself stimulates primarily defensive associated subsequent release numerous cytokines real threat organ function deterioration. In this review, all components vicious cycle are characterized particular emphasis interplay between both innate adaptive immune responses related obesity. Increased accumulation should be considered main environmental factor responsible for disruption epigenetic regulatory mechanisms system, resulting autoimmunity inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Current Insights in Prolactin Signaling and Ovulatory Function

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 1976 - 1976

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Prolactin (PRL) is a pleiotropic hormone released from lactotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary gland that also originates extrapituitary sources and plays an important role in regulating lactation mammals, as well other actions. Acting endocrine paracrine/autocrine manner, PRL regulates hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, thus influencing maturation ovarian follicles ovulation. This review provides detailed discussion current knowledge on context ovulation ovulatory disorders, particularly with regard to hyperprolactinemia, which one most common causes infertility women. Much attention has been given structure receptor (PRLR), diverse functions PRLR signaling under normal pathological conditions. The hormonal regulation menstrual cycle connection folliculogenesis ovulation, classifications are described. Finally, state regarding importance TIDA (tuberoinfundibular dopamine), KNDγ (kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin), GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) neurons PRL- kisspeptin (KP)-dependent hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis women reviewed. Based this review, rationale for pathways therapeutic activities accompanying disorders presented.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms and Target Parameters in Relation to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Physical Exercise: Focus on the Master Triad of Hormonal Changes, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 560 - 560

Published: March 1, 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among females of reproductive age with heterogeneous prevalence. It well known that female competence depends on the dynamic regulation hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis; therefore, disruption this highly regulated system leads to fertility problems. Among disruptors, both oxidative stress and inflammation contribute an increased LH-FSH ratio consequent hyperandrogenism. Shifts in bidirectional interplay between neuroendocrine oxidative/inflammatory homeostasis result accumulation reactive oxygen/nitrogen species inflammatory markers as alterations antioxidant defense mechanisms. Evidence shows lifestyle changes, including regular physical exercise, are recognized most effective first-line management reduce severity PCOS symptoms. The aim our narrative review provide insights into mechanisms target factors PCOS-related hormonal oxidative/antioxidant homeostasis, inflammation, discuss effects which takes account various factors, relation PCOS. A better understanding PCOS-associated circuits, exercise-induced action those targets may improve quality life women

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress and the NLRP3 Inflammasome: Focus on Female Fertility and Reproductive Health

Cells, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 36 - 36

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Chronic inflammation is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in female reproductive health; influencing natural conception and the outcomes of assisted technologies such vitro fertilization (IVF). An essential component innate immunity, NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome one major mediators inflammatory responses, its activation closely linked to oxidative stress. This interaction contributes decline oocyte quality, reduced potential, impaired embryo development. In ovarian milieu, stress NLRP3 interact intricately, their combined effects on competence are significant. The aims this review examine these molecular mechanisms explore therapeutic strategies targeting activity, with goal enhancing fertility improving clinical health.

Language: Английский

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Identification of molecular characteristics in polycystic ovary syndrome using single-cell and transcriptome analysis

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting women of childbearing age, and we aimed to reveal its underlying molecular mechanisms. Gene expression profiles from GSE138518 GSE155489, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data PRJNA600740 were collected subjected bioinformatics analysis identify the mechanisms PCOS. The genes was detected by RT-qPCR. Through differential analysis, identified 230 common differentially expressed (DEGs) in GSE155489. GSEA results showed significant enrichment purine metabolism oocyte meiosis control group, while GSVA indicated activation ECM receptor interaction, antigen processing presentation Weighted gene co-expression network revealed 7 modules, with bisque4 module showing highest positive correlation Enrichment that mainly involved PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, calcium Ras pathway. Pseudotime trajectory cell subpopulations potential developmental consistent validated Our study, analyzing multiple datasets, has PCOS, offering new insights into understanding pathophysiological basis.

Language: Английский

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Pathophysiological Effects of Contemporary Lifestyle on Evolutionary-Conserved Survival Mechanisms in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 1056 - 1056

Published: April 20, 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is increasingly being characterized as an evolutionary mismatch disorder that presents with a complex mixture of metabolic and endocrine symptoms. The Evolutionary Model proposes PCOS arises from collection inherited polymorphisms have been consistently demonstrated in variety ethnic groups races. In utero developmental programming susceptible genomic variants are thought to predispose the offspring develop PCOS. Postnatal exposure lifestyle environmental risk factors results epigenetic activation developmentally programmed genes disturbance hallmarks health. resulting pathophysiological changes represent consequences poor-quality diet, sedentary behaviour, disrupting chemicals, stress, circadian disruption, other factors. Emerging evidence suggests lifestyle-induced gastrointestinal dysbiosis plays central role pathogenesis Lifestyle exposures initiate result microbiome (dysbiosis), immune dysregulation (chronic inflammation), altered metabolism (insulin resistance), reproductive imbalance (hyperandrogenism), nervous system dysfunction (neuroendocrine autonomic system). can be progressive condition leads obesity, gestational diabetes, type two metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, syndrome, cardiovascular cancer. This review explores mechanisms underpin between ancient survival pathways contemporary involved pathophysiology

Language: Английский

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Reducing the Risk of Pre-Eclampsia in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Using a Combination of Pregnancy Screening, Lifestyle, and Medical Management Strategies

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 1774 - 1774

Published: March 20, 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multisystem disorder that presents with variety of phenotypes involving metabolic, endocrine, reproductive, and psychological symptoms signs. Women PCOS are at increased risk pregnancy complications including implantation failure, miscarriage, gestational diabetes, fetal growth restriction, preterm labor, pre-eclampsia (PE). This may be attributed to the presence specific susceptibility features associated before during pregnancy, such as chronic systemic inflammation, insulin resistance (IR), hyperandrogenism, all which have been an complications. Many reversible following lifestyle interventions diet exercise, pregnant women healthy found lower complications, PE. narrative synthesis summarizes evidence investigating PE role nutritional factors in PCOS. The findings suggest beneficial aspects management PCOS, recommended evidence-based international guidelines, extend improved outcomes. Identifying high-risk will allow targeted interventions, early-pregnancy screening, surveillance for should included assessment algorithms

Language: Английский

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Trehalosemodulates OVRAS to improve oxidative stress and apoptosis in KGN cells and ovaries of PCOS mice

Journal of Ovarian Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Abstract The etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is complex and variable, there no exact cause or good treatment method. Most the methods hormones are used to temporarily meet needs patients. Experimental evidence has shown that trehalose has, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative, glucose-lowering, insulin resistance effects. However, whether a therapeutic effect on PCOS unknown. It been reported ovarian renin-angiotensin system (OVRAS) involved in development PCOS, but it not fully elucidated. This study aims explore elucidate related OVRAS mechanism. We first observed body weight, estrous cycle, follicles at all levels, glucose tolerance, serum hormones, were improved by mouse model. Moreover, also ameliorated oxidative stress apoptosis mice, as determined TUNNEL staining, total SOD homogenate, WB assay. mainly involves two classic pathways, namely ACE/AngII/AT1R/AT2R, ACE2 / Ang1-7/ MASR, Which play different functions. In ovaries, we found ACE/AngII/AT1R was up-regulated ACE2/Ang1-7/MASR AT2R down-regulated PCR experiments, changed its direction. addition, DHEA-induced KGN down-regulating ACE/AngII/AT1R. Our shows improves symptoms ACE/AngII/AT1R, revealing potential target for PCOS.

Language: Английский

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