Selenium, Iodine and Iron–Essential Trace Elements for Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Metabolism

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 3393 - 3393

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

The adequate availability and metabolism of three essential trace elements, iodine, selenium iron, provide the basic requirements for function action thyroid hormone system in humans, vertebrate animals their evolutionary precursors. Selenocysteine-containing proteins convey both cellular protection along with H2O2-dependent biosynthesis deiodinase-mediated (in-)activation hormones, which is critical receptor-mediated mechanism action. Disbalances between thyroidal content these elements challenge negative feedback regulation hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid periphery axis, causing or facilitating common diseases related to disturbed status such as autoimmune disease metabolic disorders. Iodide accumulated by sodium-iodide-symporter NIS, oxidized incorporated into thyroglobulin hemoprotein thyroperoxidase, requires local H2O2 cofactor. latter generated dual oxidase organized ‘thyroxisome’ at surface apical membrane facing colloidal lumen follicles. Various selenoproteins expressed thyrocytes defend follicular structure against life-long exposure reactive oxygen species derived therefrom. pituitary thyrotropin (TSH) stimulates all processes required synthesis secretion regulates thyrocyte growth, differentiation function. Worldwide deficiencies nutritional iron supply resulting endemic are preventable educational, societal political measures.

Language: Английский

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Strong associations of serum selenoprotein P with all-cause mortality and mortality due to cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in older German adults

European Journal of Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(2), P. 121 - 136

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

Abstract Background Selenium is an essential trace mineral. The main function of selenoprotein P (SELENOP) to transport selenium but it has also been ascribed anti-oxidative effects. Methods To assess the association repeated measurements serum SELENOP concentration with all-cause and cause-specific mortality was measured at baseline 5-year follow-up in 7,186 4,164 participants ESTHER study, a German population-based cohort aged 50–74 years baseline. Results During 17.3 follow-up, 2,126 study (30%) died. relationship L-shaped, being significantly higher concentrations < 4.1 mg/L, which near bottom tertile’s cut-off (4.2 mg/L). All-cause tertile increased compared subjects top (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.35 [1.21–1.50]). further associated cardiovascular (1.24 [1.04–1.49]), cancer (1.31 [1.09–1.58]), respiratory disease (2.06 [1.28–3.32]) gastrointestinal (2.04 [1.25–3.32]). excess risk for those more than twice as strong men women (interaction sex; p = 0.008). Conclusions In this large inversely mortality. Consistent inverse associations multiple outcomes might be explained by impaired deficiency organs. Trials testing efficacy supplements low are needed. Trial registration Retrospectively registered Clinical Register on Feb 14, 2018 (ID: DRKS00014028).

Language: Английский

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The mechanism of selenium regulating the permeability of vascular endothelial cells through selenoprotein O

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 70, P. 103063 - 103063

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

Vascular diseases, a leading cause of death in human, are strongly associated with pathological damage to blood vessels. The selenoprotein (Sel) have been reported play important roles vascular disease. However, the role SelO disease has not conclusively investigated. present experiment was investigate regulatory mechanism effect on permeability endothelial. H.E staining, FITC-Dextran Dil-AC-LDL staining and FITC-WGA showed that structure damaged, intercellular junctions were disrupted selenium (Se)-deficient. Immunohistochemistry, qPCR Western blot revealed decreased expression adhesion plaque proteins vinculin, talin paxillin, connectivity effector molecules connexin, claudin-1 E-cadherin increased JAM-A N-cadherin, as well ZO-1 signaling pathways ZO-1, Rock, rhoGEF, cingulin MLC-2. In screening 24 Sel mice, most pronounced changes tissues, possible association between junction effectors determined using IBM SPSS Statistics 25. Silencing SelO, endothelial adverse effects present. relationship determined. results Se deficiency lead tissue by decreasing expression, suggesting for regulating permeability.

Language: Английский

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Autoantibodies to selenoprotein P in chronic fatigue syndrome suggest selenium transport impairment and acquired resistance to thyroid hormone

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 65, P. 102796 - 102796

Published: July 3, 2023

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) presents with symptoms of hypothyroidism, including mental and physical fatigue, poor sleep, depression, anxiety. However, thyroid hormone (TH) profiles elevated thyrotropin low thyroxine (T4) are not consistently observed. Recently, autoantibodies to the Se transporter SELENOP (SELENOP-aAb) have been identified in Hashimoto's thyroiditis shown impair selenoprotein expression. We hypothesized that SELENOP-aAb prevalent CFS, associate reduced expression impaired TH deiodination. status prevalence was compared by combining European CFS patients (n = 167) healthy controls 545) from different sources. The biomarkers total Se, glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) showed linear correlations across samples without reaching saturation, indicative deficiency. 9.6-15.6% versus 0.9-2.0% controls, depending on cut-off for positivity. correlation between GPx3 activity absent positive patients, suggesting supply kidney. A subgroup paired control 119) CSF 111) had characterized biochemical parameters before. Within this subgroup, displayed particularly deiodinase (SPINA-GD index), free T3 levels, T4 (TT3/TT4) (FT3/FT4) ratios. In 24 h urine, iodine concentrations were significantly lower than negative or (median (IQR); 43.2 (16.0) vs. 58.9 (45.2) 89.0 (54.9) μg/L). data indicate deiodination rate activation active T3. conclude a subset express disturb transport reduce target tissues. Hereby, decreases as an acquired condition reflected blood. This hypothesis opens new diagnostic therapeutic options but requires clinical evidence intervention trials.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing the power of nutritional antioxidants against adrenal hormone imbalance-associated oxidative stress

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 30, 2023

Oxidative stress, resulting from dysregulation in the secretion of adrenal hormones, represents a major concern human health. The present review comprehensively examines various categories endocrine within glands, encompassing glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens. Additionally, comprehensive account hormone disorders, including insufficiency, Cushing’s syndrome, tumors, is presented, with particular emphasis on their intricate association oxidative stress. also delves into an examination nutritional antioxidants, namely vitamin C, E, carotenoids, selenium, zinc, polyphenols, coenzyme Q10, probiotics, elucidates role mitigating adverse effects stress arising imbalances levels. In conclusion, harnessing power antioxidants has potential to help caused by imbalance hormones. This could lead new research therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Link between Oxidative Stress, Selenium Levels, and Obesity in Youth

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(13), P. 7276 - 7276

Published: July 2, 2024

Obesity is a worldwide increasing concern. Although in adults this easily estimated with the body mass index, children, who are constantly growing and whose bodies changing, reference points to assess weight status age gender, need corroboration complementary data, making their quantification highly difficult. The present review explores interaction spectrum of oxidative stress, selenium status, obesity children adolescents. Any factor related stress that triggers and, conversely, induces part vicious circle, complex chain mechanisms derive from each other reinforce serious health consequences. Selenium its compounds exhibit key antioxidant activity also have significant role nutritional evaluation obese children. balance intake, retention, metabolism emerges as vital aspect health, reflecting interactions between diet, obesity. Understanding whether contributor or consequence could inform interventions public strategies aimed at preventing managing an early age.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Micronutrient Intake and Status in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 1418 - 1418

Published: March 15, 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the macronutrient and micronutrient intake status in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) following consumption a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD). Research Methods Procedures: In prospective intervention clinical trial, adolescents T1DM using continuous glucose monitoring device were enrolled. Following cooking workshop, each participant received personalized regime based on LCD (50–80 g carbohydrate/day). A Food Frequency Questionnaire administered, laboratory tests taken before 6 months intervention. Twenty participants Results: median age 17 years (15; 19), duration 10 (8; 12). During six-months intervention, carbohydrate decreased from 266 (204; 316) 87 (68; 95) (p = 0.004). Energy intake, energy percent ultra-processed food, fiber 0.001, p 0.024, < 0.0001, respectively). These changes accompanied by declines BMI z-score 0.019) waist-circumference percentile 0.007). Improvement observed HbA1c 8.1% (7.5; 9.4) 7.7% (6.9; 8.2) 0.021). Significant below DRI shown levels iron, calcium, vitamin B1, folate. Conclusions: lowered food consumption, z-scores indices central obesity. However, LCDs require close nutritional due possibility nutrient deficiencies.

Language: Английский

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Indoor environment perception of people with autism spectrum condition: A scoping review

Building and Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 243, P. 110545 - 110545

Published: July 22, 2023

Current standards and guidelines on indoor environmental criteria contain very little information regarding people with special needs. This study provides a scoping review of the literature aimed at environment design sensorial perception autism spectrum condition (ASC). Autistic constitute relevant growing share world population, their exposure may lead to different as well adaptation opportunities. Moreover, well-being, health autonomy might benefit from proper conditions. The present used two-step methodology build broad scientific background for future research. was done specifically by: 1. Identifying, analyzing categorizing studies related quality (IEQ) ASC, summarizing findings highlighting knowledge gaps; 2. Investigating response autistic stimuli four comfort domains (thermo-reception, sight, olfaction, hearing), possible direction research well-being. main were that current recommendations well-being mainly target children, are not based systematic studies. evidence sensory processing demonstrates remarkable differences neurotypical populations in stimuli, which would most likely peculiar requirements terms Based outcomes this review, ASC can be designed.

Language: Английский

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Redox regulation of the NLRP3-mediated inflammation and pyroptosis

Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69(6), P. 333 - 352

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The review considers modern data on the mechanisms of activation and redox regulation NLRP3 inflammasome gasdermins, as well role selenium in these processes. Activation pyroptosis represent an evolutionarily conserved mechanism defense against pathogens, described for various types cells tissues (macrophages monocytes, microglial astrocytes, podocytes parenchymal kidneys, periodontal tissues, osteoclasts osteoblasts, digestive urogenital systems, etc.). Depending characteristics regulation, participants inflammation can be subdivided into 2 groups. Members first group block mitochondrial electron transport chain, promote formation reactive oxygen species development oxidative stress. This includes granzymes, antiviral signaling protein MAVS, others. second thioredoxin interacting (TXNIP), erythroid-derived nuclear factor-2 (NRF2), Kelch-like ECH-associated 1 (Keap1), ninjurin (Ninj1), scramblase (TMEM16), regulatory kinase (NEK7), caspase-1, gasdermins GSDM B, D They have redox-sensitive domains and/or cysteine residues subjected to glutathionylation/deglutathionylation or other regulation. Suppression stress depends activity antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPX) reductase (TRXR), containing a selenocysteine residue Sec active site. expression GPX TRXR is regulated by NRF2 concentration blood. Selenium deficiency causes ineffective translation UGA codon, termination, and, consequently, synthesis inactive selenoproteins, which cause programmed cell death: apoptosis nerve sperm, necroptosis erythrocyte precursors, infected myeloid cells, ferroptosis T- B-lymphocytes, kidney pancreatic cells. In addition, suboptimal concentrations blood (0.86 μM 68 μg/l less) significant impact more than two hundred fifty genes compared optimal (1.43 113 μg/l). Based above, we propose consider important parameter homeostasis cell. Suboptimal (or states) should used assessment risk developing inflammatory

Language: Английский

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The Assessment of Different Dietary Selenium Resources on Reproductive Performance, Spawning Indicators, and Larval Production of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × O. niloticus) Broodfish

Aquaculture Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023, P. 1 - 11

Published: Nov. 14, 2023

This trial aimed to investigate whether dietary selenium form influenced the reproductive performance of red tilapia broodfish. Four experimental broodstock diets were prepared employing two types selenium. The first diet was free additives and acted as control diet. While other three formulated supplemented with conventional sources (sodium selenite, Na2SeO3; 1 mg/kg), nanoparticles (NPSe, or a combination them (0.5 mg Na2SeO3/kg + 0.5 NPSe/kg), respectively. Twelve cement ponds (each 24 m2) subjected fish brooder groups. Each pond received six prespawning females (mean initial weight, 60.9 ± 0.4 g) males weight 80.3 0.8 tilapia. supplied broodfish ponds, traits 18 adult female monitored over 25 weeks. findings showed that fed NPSe-enriched had significantly higher viscera, liver, gonad than At same time, highest levels LH, progesterone, estradiol-17β, well lowest FSH, detected in NPSe diet, followed by those on Na2SeO3 diets, Furthermore, diameter, volume eggs, number larvae various forms, increased markedly ( $P<0.001$ ). Female given selenium-based enhanced all spawning indicators (particularly total spawned egg per interval) when compared group an unsupplemented Besides, treatment groups, frequency each NPSe-supplemented (alone Na2SeO3) considerably id="M2"> ) promoted. alone mixed well-developed stroma structure, many mature vitellogenic postvitellogenic oocytes, remarkable intensity spermatozoa testis. In conclusion, incorporating NPse into might be safe efficient way enhance function fry production.

Language: Английский

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