MedComm,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
6(3)
Published: March 1, 2025
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
is
a
leading
cause
of
cancer-related
mortality
globally,
predominantly
associated
with
chronic
hepatitis
B
virus
(HBV)
and
C
(HCV)
infections.
These
infections
drive
persistent
liver
inflammation,
culminating
in
cellular
dysregulation,
fibrosis,
cancer.
Despite
advancements
targeted
therapies,
drug
resistance
the
lack
reliable
biomarkers
for
patient
stratification
still
terribly
hinder
treatment
viral
HCC.
To
this
end,
review
delves
into
intricate
mechanisms
underlying
malignant
transformation
to
HCC,
including
integration,
genomic
instability,
epigenetic
modifications,
oxidative
stress,
gut
microbiota
dysbiosis,
immune
escape,
abnormal
signaling
pathways,
highlighting
their
complex
interactions
synergies.
Cutting-edge
preclinical
clinical
HCC
management,
lifestyle
immunotherapies,
gene-based
approaches,
innovative
treatments,
are
further
investigated,
particular
priority
given
therapeutic
potential
future
applications
overcoming
current
limitations.
By
synthesizing
recent
scientific
insights,
aims
deepen
understanding
pathogenesis
context
hepatitis,
paving
way
novel
targets
personalized
strategies,
ultimately
improving
outcomes.
Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: Aug. 18, 2023
Abstract
The
PI3K/AKT/mTOR
(PAM)
signaling
pathway
is
a
highly
conserved
signal
transduction
network
in
eukaryotic
cells
that
promotes
cell
survival,
growth,
and
cycle
progression.
Growth
factor
signalling
to
transcription
factors
the
PAM
axis
regulated
by
multiple
cross-interactions
with
several
other
pathways,
dysregulation
of
can
predispose
cancer
development.
most
frequently
activated
human
often
implicated
resistance
anticancer
therapies.
Dysfunction
components
this
such
as
hyperactivity
PI3K,
loss
function
PTEN,
gain-of-function
AKT,
are
notorious
drivers
treatment
disease
progression
cancer.
In
review
we
highlight
major
dysregulations
cancer,
discuss
results
AKT
mTOR
inhibitors
monotherapy
co-administation
antineoplastic
agents
clinical
trials
strategy
for
overcoming
resistance.
Finally,
mechanisms
targeted
therapies,
including
immunology
immunotherapies
also
discussed.
Pharmacological Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
206, P. 107300 - 107300
Published: July 9, 2024
Depression
is
a
serious
global
mental
disorder.
Numerous
studies
have
found
that
depression
may
be
closely
related
to
decreased
neurogenesis,
neuroinflammation,
neurotransmitter
imbalance,
and
synaptic
plasticity
dysfunction.
The
pathogenesis
of
complex
involves
multiple
signal
transduction
pathways
molecular
changes.
PI3K/AKT
pathway
an
essential
signaling
in
neurons,
which
widely
expressed
emotion-related
regions
the
brain.
Therefore,
play
moderating
role
mood
disorders.
However,
mechanism
not
been
fully
described.
This
review
systematically
summarized
discussed
its
potential
treatment
depression.
will
help
development
antidepressants.
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(5), P. 901 - 901
Published: Feb. 23, 2024
Liver
cancer,
predominantly
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC),
globally
ranks
sixth
in
incidence
and
third
cancer-related
deaths.
HCC
risk
factors
include
non-viral
hepatitis,
alcohol
abuse,
environmental
exposures,
genetic
factors.
No
specific
alterations
are
unequivocally
linked
to
tumorigenesis.
Current
standard
therapies
surgical
options,
systemic
chemotherapy,
kinase
inhibitors,
like
sorafenib
regorafenib.
Immunotherapy,
targeting
immune
checkpoints,
represents
a
promising
avenue.
FDA-approved
checkpoint
such
as
atezolizumab
pembrolizumab,
show
efficacy,
combination
enhance
clinical
responses.
Despite
this,
the
treatment
of
(HCC)
remains
challenge,
complex
tumor
ecosystem
immunosuppressive
microenvironment
associated
with
it
hamper
efficacy
available
therapeutic
approaches.
This
review
explores
current
advanced
approaches
treat
HCC,
considering
both
known
new
potential
targets,
especially
derived
from
proteomic
analysis,
which
is
today
considered
most
approach.
Exploring
novel
strategies,
this
discusses
antibody
drug
conjugates
(ADCs),
chimeric
antigen
receptor
T-cell
therapy
(CAR-T),
engineered
antibodies.
It
then
reports
systematic
analysis
main
ligand/receptor
pairs
molecular
pathways
reported
be
overexpressed
cells,
highlighting
their
limitations.
Finally,
TGFβ,
one
targets
microenvironment.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: Feb. 6, 2025
Abstract
Liver
cancer
represents
a
major
global
health
concern,
with
projections
indicating
that
the
number
of
new
cases
could
surpass
1
million
annually
by
2025.
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
constitutes
around
90%
liver
and
is
primarily
linked
to
factors
incluidng
aflatoxin,
hepatitis
B
(HBV)
C
(HCV),
metabolic
disorders.
There
are
no
obvious
symptoms
in
early
stage
HCC,
which
often
leads
delays
diagnosis.
Therefore,
HCC
patients
usually
present
tumors
advanced
incurable
stages.
Several
signaling
pathways
dis-regulated
cause
uncontrolled
cell
propagation,
metastasis,
recurrence
HCC.
Beyond
frequently
altered
therapeutically
targeted
receptor
tyrosine
kinase
(RTK)
involved
differentiation,
telomere
regulation,
epigenetic
modification
stress
response
also
provide
therapeutic
potential.
Investigating
key
their
inhibitors
pivotal
for
achieving
advancements
management
At
present,
primary
approaches
(TKI),
immune
checkpoint
(ICI),
combination
regimens.
New
trials
investigating
therapies
involving
ICIs
TKIs
or
anti-VEGF
(endothelial
growth
factor)
therapies,
as
well
combinations
two
immunotherapy
The
outcomes
these
expected
revolutionize
across
all
Here,
we
here
comprehensive
review
cellular
pathways,
potential,
evidence
derived
from
late-stage
clinical
discuss
concepts
underlying
earlier
trials,
biomarker
identification,
development
more
effective
therapeutics
Military Medical Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: Feb. 11, 2025
Abstract
Cancer
recurrence,
driven
by
the
phenomenon
of
tumor
dormancy,
presents
a
formidable
challenge
in
oncology.
Dormant
cancer
cells
have
ability
to
evade
detection
and
treatment,
leading
relapse.
This
review
emphasizes
urgent
need
comprehend
dormancy
its
implications
for
recurrence.
Despite
notable
advancements,
significant
gaps
remain
our
understanding
mechanisms
underlying
lack
reliable
biomarkers
predicting
provides
comprehensive
analysis
cellular,
angiogenic,
immunological
aspects
dormancy.
It
highlights
current
therapeutic
strategies
targeting
dormant
cells,
particularly
combination
therapies
immunotherapies,
which
hold
promise
preventing
By
elucidating
these
proposing
innovative
research
methodologies,
this
aims
deepen
ultimately
facilitating
development
more
effective
recurrence
improving
patient
outcomes.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(6), P. 2678 - 2678
Published: March 16, 2025
Despite
the
substantial
advances
in
cancer
therapies,
developing
safe
and
effective
treatment
methodologies
is
critical.
Natural
(plant-derived
compounds),
such
as
flavonoids,
might
be
crucial
a
methodology
without
toxicity
toward
healthy
tissues.
Prunin
flavonoid
with
potential
to
used
biomedical
applications.
has
yet
undergo
thorough
scientific
research,
its
precise
molecular
mechanisms
of
action
remain
largely
unexplored.
This
review
summarizes
therapeutic
prunin
for
first
time,
focusing
on
underlying
an
anticancer
compound.
gained
significant
attention
due
antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory,
effects.
aims
unlock
how
functions
at
level
exert
effects,
primarily
modulating
key
cellular
pathways.
Furthermore,
we
have
discussed
prunin’s
adjunctive
therapy
conventional
treatments,
highlighting
ability
strengthen
responses
while
decreasing
drug
resistance.
Moreover,
discussion
probes
into
innovative
delivery
methods,
particularly
nanoformulations,
that
address
bioavailability,
solubility,
stability
limitations
optimize
application.
By
providing
comprehensive
analysis
properties,
this
stimulate
further
exploration
using
agent,
thereby
progressing
development
targeted,
selective,
safe,
methods.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(8), P. 2130 - 2130
Published: Aug. 14, 2023
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
poses
a
significant
global
health
concern,
with
its
incidence
steadily
increasing.
The
development
of
HCC
is
multifaceted,
multi-step
process
involving
alterations
in
various
signaling
cascades.
In
recent
years,
progress
has
been
made
understanding
the
molecular
pathways
that
play
central
roles
hepatocarcinogenesis.
particular,
EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR
pathway
garnered
renewed
attention
from
both
basic
and
clinical
researchers.
Preclinical
studies
vitro
vivo
have
shown
effectiveness
targeting
key
components
this
human
cells.
Thus,
these
small
molecule
inhibitors
holds
promise
as
potential
therapeutic
option
for
patients
HCC.
review,
we
explore
advancements
role
assess
cascade
strategy
therapy
based
on
preclinical
studies.
Cell Death Discovery,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: May 16, 2024
Abstract
Maturing
immunometabolic
research
empowers
immune
regulation
novel
approaches.
Progressive
metabolic
adaptation
of
tumor
cells
permits
a
thriving
microenvironment
(TME)
in
which
always
lose
the
initial
killing
capacity,
remains
an
unsolved
dilemma
even
with
development
checkpoint
therapies.
In
recent
years,
many
studies
on
immunometabolism
have
been
reported.
The
may
facilitate
anti-tumor
immunotherapy
from
recurrent
crosstalk
between
metabolism
and
immunity.
Here,
we
discuss
clinical
core
signaling
pathways
their
inhibitors
or
agonists,
as
well
specific
functions
these
regulating
immunity
metabolism,
some
identified
checkpoints.
Understanding
comprehensive
advances
helps
to
revise
status
quo
cancer
treatment.