Viruses and the Brain—A Relationship Prone to Trouble DOI Creative Commons
Matylda Barbara Mielcarska, Barry T. Rouse

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 203 - 203

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Neurological disorders, some of which are associated with viral infections, growing due to the aging and expanding population. Despite strong defenses central nervous system, viruses have evolved ways breach them, often result in dire consequences. In this review, we recount various by different can enter CNS, describe consequences such invasions. Consequences may manifest as acute disease, encephalitis, meningitis, or long-term effects, neuromuscular dysfunction, occurs poliomyelitis. We discuss evidence for involvement causation well-known chronic neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's Parkinson's amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple well vascular dementia elderly. also approaches currently available control a few neural infections. These include antivirals that effective against human immunodeficiency virus herpes simplex virus, vaccines valuable controlling rabies poliomyelitis flavivirus There is an urgent need better understand, at molecular level, how contribute and, especially, neurological diseases develop more precise therapies.

Language: Английский

Exosome-Based Drug Delivery: Translation from Bench to Clinic DOI Creative Commons
Hee Byung Koh, Hyo Jeong Kim, Shin‐Wook Kang

et al.

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 2042 - 2042

Published: July 29, 2023

Exosome-based drug delivery is emerging as a promising field with the potential to revolutionize therapeutic interventions. Exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles released by various cell types, have attracted significant attention due their unique properties and natural ability transport bioactive molecules. These nano-sized vesicles, ranging in size from 30 150 nm, can effectively variety of cargoes, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids. Compared traditional systems, exosomes exhibit biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, reduced toxicity. In addition, be designed tailored improve targeting efficiency, cargo loading capacity, stability, paving way for personalized medicine precision therapy. However, despite exosome-based delivery, its clinical application remains challenging limitations exosome isolation purification, efficiency insufficient targeted rapid elimination circulation. This comprehensive review focuses on transition bench clinic, highlighting key aspects, such structure biogenesis, methods, surface engineering techniques, applications. It also discusses challenges prospects this field.

Language: Английский

Citations

86
Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown in Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanisms and Targeted Strategies DOI Open Access
Amer E. Alkhalifa,

Nour F. Al-Ghraiybah,

Julia Odum

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(22), P. 16288 - 16288

Published: Nov. 14, 2023

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a unique and selective feature of the central nervous system's vasculature. BBB dysfunction has been observed as an early sign Alzheimer's Disease (AD) before onset dementia or neurodegeneration. intricate relationship between pathogenesis AD, especially in context neurovascular coupling overlap pathophysiology neurodegenerative cerebrovascular diseases, underscores urgency to understand BBB's role more deeply. Preserving restoring function emerges potentially promising strategy for mitigating progression severity AD. Molecular genetic changes, such isoform ε4 apolipoprotein E (ApoEε4), significant risk factor promoter dysfunction, have shown mediate disruption. Additionally, receptors transporters like low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), receptor advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) implicated AD's pathogenesis. In this comprehensive review, we endeavor shed light on pathogenic therapeutic connections AD BBB. We also delve into latest developments pioneering strategies targeting interventions, addressing its potential carrier. By providing integrative perspective, anticipate paving way future research treatments focused exploiting therapy.

Language: Английский

Citations

67
Review of Pharmacotherapeutic Targets in Alzheimer’s Disease and Its Management Using Traditional Medicinal Plants DOI Open Access
Prabhash Nath Tripathi,

Ankit Lodhi,

Sachchida Nand

et al.

Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 14, P. 47 - 74

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and impaired daily functioning. While there currently no cure for AD, several pharmacotherapeutic targets management strategies have been explored. Additionally, traditional medicinal plants gained attention their potential role in AD management. Pharmacotherapeutic include amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction. Traditional plants, such as Ginkgo biloba, Huperzia serrata, Curcuma longa (turmeric), Panax ginseng, demonstrated the ability to modulate these through bioactive compounds. biloba , instance, contains flavonoids terpenoids that exhibit neuroprotective effects reducing Aβ deposition enhancing cerebral blood flow. serrata natural source of huperzine A, has acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting properties, thus improving function. enriched with curcumin, exhibits anti-inflammatory antioxidant effects, potentially mitigating neuroinflammation stress. ginseng's ginsenosides shown anti-amyloidogenic properties. The investigation complementary approach offers advantages, including lower risk adverse multi-target interactions. Furthermore, cultural knowledge utilization provide rich information development new therapies. However, further research necessary elucidate precise mechanisms action, standardize preparations, assess safety efficacy remedies. Integrating medicinal-plant-based therapies modern pharmacotherapies may hold key more comprehensive effective treatment. This review aims explore its Keywords: disease, acetylcholinesterase, amyloid beta, protein, medicine, Ayurvedic herbs, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, disorders, cognition

Language: Английский

Citations

56
Mitochondria Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in Neurodegeneration: Who Comes First? DOI Creative Commons
Caterina Peggion, Tito Calì, Marisa Brini

et al.

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 240 - 240

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) encompass an assorted array of disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, each characterised by distinct clinical manifestations underlying pathological mechanisms. While some cases have a genetic basis, many NDs occur sporadically. Despite their differences, these commonly feature chronic neuroinflammation hallmark. Consensus has recently been reached on the possibility that mitochondria dysfunction protein aggregation can mutually contribute to activation neuroinflammatory response thus onset progression disorders. In present review, we discuss contribution aetiology NDs, highlighting new potential therapeutic targets be identified tackle neurodegenerative processes alleviate pathologies.

Language: Английский

Citations

28
Review on anti-alzheimer drug development: approaches, challenges and perspectives DOI Creative Commons
Abdallah E. Abdallah

RSC Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(16), P. 11057 - 11088

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Alzheimer has many crucial factors that should be considered in order to get better results from clinical trials. Benzimidazole and its isosteres represent significant scaffolds for designing potential multi-target anti-alzheimer molecules.

Language: Английский

Citations

20
Serum proteomics reveals early biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: The dual role of <i>APOE-ε4 </i> DOI Open Access
Yanan Ma, Ying Xia,

Kenji Karako

et al.

BioScience Trends, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 1 - 9

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, significantly impacts global public health, with cases expected to exceed 150 million by 2050. Late-onset (LOAD), predominantly influenced APOE-ε4 allele, exhibits complex pathogenesis involving amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neuroinflammation, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Proteomics has emerged as a pivotal technology in uncovering molecular mechanisms identifying biomarkers for early diagnosis intervention AD. This paper reviews genetic roles pathology AD, including its effects on Aβ aggregation, tau phosphorylation, BBB integrity. Additionally, it highlights recent advances serum proteomics, revealing APOE-ε4-dependent independent protein signatures potential Despite technological progress, challenges such population diversity, standardization, distinguishing AD-specific remain. Directions future research emphasize multicenter longitudinal studies, multi-omics integration, clinical translation proteomic findings enable detection AD personalized treatment strategies. hold promise improving patient outcomes reducing burden.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Anti-Amyloid Therapies for Alzheimer’s Disease and the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis DOI Open Access
Ernesto Fedele

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(19), P. 14499 - 14499

Published: Sept. 24, 2023

Over the past 30 years, majority of (pre)clinical efforts to find an effective therapy for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) focused on clearing β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) from brain since, according amyloid cascade hypothesis, was (and it is still considered by many) pathogenic determinant this neurodegenerative disorder. However, as reviewed in article, results numerous clinical trials that have tested anti-Aβ therapies date indicate plays a minor role pathogenesis AD. Indeed, even Aducanumab and Lecanemab, two antibodies recently approved FDA AD therapy, well Donanemab showed limited efficacy cognitive parameters phase III trials, despite their capability markedly lowering Aβ load. Furthermore, preclinical evidence demonstrates possesses several physiological functions, including memory formation, suggesting may part be due loss function peptide. Finally, generally accepted could result many molecular dysfunctions, therefore, if we keep chasing only Aβ, means cannot see forest trees.

Language: Английский

Citations

36
Updates in Alzheimer's disease: from basic research to diagnosis and therapies DOI Creative Commons

Enjie Liu,

Yao Zhang,

Jian–Zhi Wang

et al.

Translational Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Sept. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

17
A hybrid multimodal machine learning model for Detecting Alzheimer's disease DOI
Jinhua Sheng, Qian Zhang, Qiao Zhang

et al.

Computers in Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 170, P. 108035 - 108035

Published: Feb. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

16
Extra-Virgin Olive Oil in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Cellular, Animal, and Clinical Studies DOI Open Access
Amer E. Alkhalifa,

Nour F. Al-Ghraiybah,

Amal Kaddoumi

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 1914 - 1914

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that characterized by several pathological hallmarks, including the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Current treatment options include monoclonal antibody drugs, acetylcholinesterase, n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists. Although those treatments provide some improvements in patients’ quality life, they fail to prevent or cure AD. research aims identify novel targets tools for AD prevention modification. In this context, studies showed beneficial effect Mediterranean diet One integral component olive oil extra-virgin (EVOO), which high phenolic compounds. EVOO other olive-related compounds have been shown reduce risk developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) review, we discuss mechanisms exert neuroprotective effects, modulation pathologies promotion health. Findings indicate its constituents influence key processes AD, such as Aβ aggregation, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, while also enhancing BBB integrity reducing stress. The human cited reveal consistent trend where consumption associated with benefits decreased related dementias. conclusion, hold promising potential representing significant shift towards more effective strategies against complex disorder.

Language: Английский

Citations

15