Gut Microbiota Modulation Through Mediterranean Diet Foods: Implications for Human Health

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 948 - 948

Published: March 8, 2025

The Mediterranean diet (MD) is widely recognized for its health benefits, particularly in modulating gut microbiota composition and reducing the risk of metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases. Characterized by a high intake plant-based foods, monounsaturated fats, polyphenols, primarily from extra virgin olive oil, MD fosters growth beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia, which produce short-chain fatty acids that enhance barrier integrity, reduce inflammation, improve metabolic homeostasis. Clinical preclinical studies have proved associated with increased microbial diversity, reduced pro-inflammatory bacteria, improved markers insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, cognitive function. Additionally, positively influences various conditions, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, potentially mitigating systemic inflammation enhancing neuroprotective mechanisms. Emerging evidence suggests variants, Green-MD, their integration probiotics can further optimize parameters. While impact on overall well supported, long-term clinical trials are needed to better understand individual variability dietary interventions tailored different populations.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress as a Target for Non-Pharmacological Intervention in MAFLD: Could There Be a Role for EVOO?

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 731 - 731

Published: June 16, 2024

Oxidative stress plays a central role in most chronic liver diseases and, particular, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty disease (MAFLD), the new definition of an old condition known as non-alcoholic (NAFLD). The mechanisms leading to hepatocellular fat accumulation genetically predisposed individuals who adopt sedentary lifestyle and consume obesogenic diet progress through mitochondrial endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, which amplifies reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, influence release inflammation damage biomarkers, such pro-inflammatory cytokines. This close pathogenetic link has been key stimulus search for therapeutic approaches targeting oxidative treat steatosis, number clinical trials have conducted date on subjects with NAFLD using drugs well supplements or nutraceutical products. Vitamin E, D, Silybin are studied substances, but several non-pharmacological also explored, especially modifications. Among dietary approaches, Mediterranean Diet (MD) seems be reliable affecting probably added value presence extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), healthy food high content monounsaturated acids, oleic acid, variable concentrations phenols (oleocanthal) phenolic alcohols, hydroxytyrosol (HT) tyrosol (Tyr). In this review, we focus interventions MAFLD treatment that target EVOO one main antioxidant components MD.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Potential of Olive Leaf Extracts: A Comprehensive Review

Applied Biosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 392 - 425

Published: Sept. 22, 2024

The olive tree is currently cultivated worldwide, with higher incidence in Mediterranean Basin. Its climate highly favorable to the synthesis of phenolic compounds, stored leaves; their consumption has been linked a lower cancer and cardiovascular disorders for which research interest upon this feature increased last decade. This study aimed (i) review evidence about importance leaf extract (OLE) on human health physiological effect its major compounds; (ii) update state art studies conducted technological usage extract; (iii) report potential uses OLE pharmaceuticals, food production, cosmetics; (iv) prospect future clinical applications from diverse cultivars, especially metabolic inflammatory conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Overall, cultivars richer TPC, including TFC, αT, omega-3 omega-9, present main target supplementation alone or conjunction vitaminic due nutraceutical value disorders, chronic diseases, anti-aging treatments, whereas less water content might be useful substrates preservation. With regard prospects, it would great clarify specific mechanisms underlying beneficial effects neuro-immune design safer healthier nature-based medicine wide array costly prevalent metabolic-related syndromes, namely, PCOS.

Language: Английский

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Characterization of Phenolic Compounds in Extra Virgin Olive Oil from Granada (Spain) and Evaluation of Its Neuroprotective Action

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 4878 - 4878

Published: April 30, 2024

The olive oil sector is a fundamental food in the Mediterranean diet. It has been demonstrated that consumption of extra virgin (EVOO) with high content phenolic compounds beneficial prevention and/or treatment many diseases. main objective this work was to study relationship between and vitro neuroprotective anti-inflammatory activity EVOOs from two PDOs province Granada. To purpose, amounts were determined by liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) inhibitory acetylcholinesterase (AChE) cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes spectrophotometric fluorimetric assays. families identified alcohols, secoiridoids, lignans, flavonoids, acids. EVOO samples highest total concentration belonged Picual Manzanillo varieties. Statistical analysis showed positive correlation AChE COX-2 activity, except for lignans. These results confirm EVOO’s possess potential.

Language: Английский

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Oleuropein: a narrative review on its role in neurodegenerative diseases

Aging advances., Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 75 - 83

Published: April 8, 2025

Olive oil, a cornerstone of the Mediterranean diet, contains trace amounts oleuropein, polyphenolic compound and its active metabolite hydroxytyrosol, which exhibit significant neuroprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress brain inflammation. These properties make them promising for managing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. This review synthesizes current literature on chemistry, biosynthesis, activities oleuropein emphasizing their antioxidant anti-inflammatory effects. Research indicates that hydroxytyrosol is bioavailable rapidly distributed throughout body, including tissue, due to ability cross blood-brain barrier. In contrast, requires metabolic conversion bioavailability. Both compounds have been shown in preclinical animal studies mitigate stress, promote autophagy, facilitate clearance amyloid-beta aggregates. Moreover, they found alleviate mitochondrial damage dysfunction, are critical factors neurodegeneration. human studies, improved cognitive function, reduced neuroinflammation, overall health. The mechanisms underlying these include restoration redox balance modulation inflammatory pathways aging brain. Despite findings, clinical trials needed assess long-term safety efficacy settings. Understanding role neuroprotection could lead effective interventions preventing or slowing decline associated with diseases. Overall, represent compelling area study within realm antioxidants application neuroprotection.

Language: Английский

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Extra virgin olive oil mitigates lung injury in necrotizing enterocolitis: Effects on TGFβ1, Caspase-3, and MDA in a neonatal rat model

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. e0320938 - e0320938

Published: April 15, 2025

Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NE), which is common in premature babies, has been associated with lung damage. Our aim to explore the effect of enterally administered extra virgin olive oil (EO) rich polyphenol content on clinical parameters, histopathological score, Transforming growt factor beta-1 ( TGFβ1 ), Caspase 3 and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels NE-related injury neonatal rats. Methods Three groups (control, NE, NE+EO) were created, 8 rats each group. NE was induced by hypoxia-hyperoxia-hypothermia formula feeding. EO given treatment group orogastric probe for days. Intestinal tissue excised analysis. Results expression levels, MDA concentration higher compared + control (p < 0.001), their decreased after 0.001). It determined that significantly reduced damage caspase-3 (CASP3) level Conclusion findings emphasize TGFß1 an crucial function therapeutic potential injury.

Language: Английский

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Extra Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds: Modulating Mitochondrial Function and Protecting Against Chronic Diseases—A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 1443 - 1443

Published: April 25, 2025

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), an essential element of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), has demonstrated considerable potential in improving mitochondrial health and protecting against chronic diseases. This narrative review aims to explore how main phenolic compounds found EVOO-hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, oleocanthal-contribute by reducing oxidative stress inflammation. A search for scientific evidence was carried out between October 2024 March 2025 different bibliographic databases such as PubMed, Web Science, Embase, SciSpace, ResearchRabbit databases. The strategy included combinations terms "extra oil", "EVOO polyphenols", "mitochondrial function", "oxidative stress", "inflammation", "mitophagy", "chronic diseases". Preclinical, clinical, mechanistic studies were included, giving priority peer-reviewed publications. shows some bioactive components EVOO activate cellular pathways, mTOR, AMPK sirtuins, which promote biogenesis, improve efficiency electron transport chain, protect DNA integrity. Furthermore, improves membrane fluidity integrity, ensuring its functionality efficiency. On other hand, nutrition literacy, important component health, is a critical determinant people's eating behaviors. Although recent supports metabolic benefits on metabolism function, further nutritional intervention with these are recommended confirm their clinical relevance dietary tool aimed at preventing and/or delaying age-related

Language: Английский

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Olive Oil Industry By-Products as a Novel Source of Biophenols with a Promising Role in Alzheimer Disease Prevention

Molecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(20), P. 4841 - 4841

Published: Oct. 12, 2024

This review explores the potential health benefits and applications of phenolic secoiridoids derived from olive oil by-products in prevention Alzheimer's disease (AD). As reviewed herein, polyphenols, such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, epicatechin, resveratrol, show vitro vivo antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective properties, are particularly relevant context AD, a leading cause dementia globally. The industry, Mediterranean region, produces significant amounts waste, including leaves, pomace, wastewater, which pose environmental challenges but also offer an untapped source bioactive compounds. Despite promising studies indicating that olive-derived oleuropein hydroxytyrosol, may mitigate AD pathology, human clinical trials remain limited. variability extraction methods complex nature further complicate research. Future should focus on standardizing protocols conducting robust to fully assess therapeutic these approach not only supports development new treatments for promotes sustainability by valorizing industry waste.

Language: Английский

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Akdeniz Diyet Bileşenlerinin Bilişsel Sağlık Üzerine Etkisi

Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 52(1), P. 117 - 122

Published: April 30, 2024

Bilişsel sağlık sorunları hem birey de toplum için önemli bir yüktür ve değişen dünya koşulları ile birlikte bu sorunların yıllar içerisinde giderek artması beklenmektedir. Bu nedenle bilişsel sağlığın korunması, geliştirilmesi tedavisi son derece önem teşkil etmektedir. noktada, diyette yapılacak olan değişiklikler ön plana çıkmakta pek çok yararı gösterilmiş Akdeniz diyetinin önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Günümüzde metabolik, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, kanser çeşitleri başta olmak üzere sorununun önlenmesi tedavisinde başvurulan sağlıklı olarak kabul edilen diyet türlerinin başında gelen performansı iyileştirici etkisi çıkmaktadır. örüntüsünün üzerindeki olası mekanizmaları, antioksidan, omega-3, zeytinyağı, B grubu vitaminleri posa içeriği ilişkilendirilmektedir. ögeler, farklı düzeylerde yolaklarla üzerinde etki gösterebilmektedir. Dolayısı yaşamın erken dönemlerinden başlayarak, yaşam boyu tipi beslenme düzenine bağlılık, beyin sağlığı fonksiyonların korunmasına katkıda bulunabilir.

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Characterization of Olive Oil Phenolic Extracts and Their Effects on the Aggregation of the Alzheimer’s Amyloid-β Peptide and Tau

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 17, 2024

The dietary consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is believed to slow the progression Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms. Its protective mechanisms are unclear, but specific EVOO phenolic compounds can individually impede aggregation amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and microtubule-associated protein tau, two important pathological manifestations AD. It unknown, however, whether numerous variable that consumed in collectively alter tau Aβ as effectively individual compounds. activity these complex mixtures against may be moderated by competition between active nonactive components extensive derivatizations isomerization. Here, extracted from different sources characterized tested for how they modulate Aβ40 peptide vitro. chromatographic NMR analysis Greek Saudi Arabian extracts reveals have concentration profiles, over 30 identified. Thioflavin T fluorescence circular dichroism measurements show relatively low concentrations (<20 μg/mL) reduce rate fibril mass, despite having profiles. By contrast, extract reduces only at very high (>100 μg/mL). Most bind preformed fibrils release soluble oligomers mildly toxic SH-SY5Y cells. Much higher (500 required remodel filaments into oligomers, a minimal binding observed. concluded phenol profiles similarly capable modulating morphology vitro less efficient aggregation. Over 2 M tonnes globally each year part Mediterranean diet, results here provide motivation further clinical interrogation antiaggregation properties potential mechanism

Language: Английский

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