Omega-3 fatty acids and the gut microbiome: a new frontier in cardiovascular disease prevention

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Mediterranean Diet, Its Microbiome Connections, and Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 4942 - 4942

Published: April 30, 2024

The Mediterranean diet (MD), rich in minimally processed plant foods and monounsaturated fats but low saturated fats, meat, dairy products, represents one of the most studied diets for cardiovascular health. It has been shown, from both observational randomized controlled trials, that MD reduces body weight, improves disease surrogates such as waist-to-hip ratios, lipids, inflammation markers, even prevents development fatal nonfatal disease, diabetes, obesity, other diseases. However, it is unclear whether offers benefits its individual components or a whole. Furthermore, limitations methodology studies meta-analyses have raised some concerns over potential benefits. also associated with characteristic changes intestinal microbiota, mediated through constituents. These include increased growth species producing short-chain fatty acids, Clostridium leptum Eubacterium rectale, Bifidobacteria, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii species, reduced Firmicutes Blautia species. Such are known to be favorably inflammation, oxidative status, overall metabolic This review will focus on effects health action gut microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Dietary Protease Supplementation Improved Growth Performance and Nutrients Digestion via Modulating Intestine Barrier, Immunological Response, and Microbiota Composition in Weaned Piglets

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 816 - 816

Published: July 8, 2024

Despite mounting evidence for dietary protease benefits, the mechanisms beyond enhanced protein degradation are poorly understood. This study aims to thoroughly investigate impact of addition on growth performance, intestinal function, and microbial composition weaned piglets. Ninety 28-day-old pigs were randomly assigned following three experimental diets based their initial body weight a 28-day experiment: (1) control (CC), basic diet with composite enzymes without protease; (2) negative (NC), no enzymes; (3) (PR), protease. The results show that proteases significantly performance boosted antioxidant capacity, increasing total capacity (T-AOC) levels (p < 0.05) while reducing malonaldehyde 0.05). Additionally, reduced serum inflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 0.05), suppressed mRNA expression pro-inflammatory factors in jejunum 0.01), inhibited MAPK NF-κB signaling pathways. Moreover, protease-supplemented improved morphology barrier integrity, including zonula occludens 1(ZO-1), Occludin, Claudin-1 Microbiota compositions also altered by increased abundance beneficial bacteria (Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group Prevotellaceae_UCG-001) harmful Terrisporobacter Further correlation analysis revealed positive link between association permeability. In summary, piglets, effects which associated immunological response, microbiota composition.

Language: Английский

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The Possible Role of Probiotic Supplementation in Inflammation: A Narrative Review

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 2160 - 2160

Published: Aug. 26, 2023

The fine balance between symbiotic and potentially opportunistic and/or pathogenic microorganisms can undergo quantitative alterations, which, when associated with low intestinal biodiversity, could be responsible for the development of gut inflammation so-called “intestinal dysbiosis”. This condition is characterized by disbalance a synergistic mechanism involving mucosal barrier, neuroendocrine system, immune system that results in an acute inflammatory response induced different causes, including viral or bacterial infections digestive tract. More frequently, however, dysbiosis slowly subtly subliminal causal factors, resulting chronic related to diseases affecting tract other organs apparatuses. Studies on animal models, together studies humans, highlight significant role microbiota microbiome occurrence conditions such as metabolic syndrome cardiovascular (CVDs); neurodegenerative, urologic, skin, liver, kidney pathologies; premature aging. blood translocation fragments has been found one processes linked possible “metabolic endotoxemia” systemic inflammation, increased risk oxidative stress diseases. In this context, supplementation probiotic strains shown restore eubiosis, especially if administered long-term treatments. aim review describe anti-inflammatory effects specific observed clinical trials respective indications, highlighting differences efficacy depending strain, formulation, time duration treatment, dosage used.

Language: Английский

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Role of the gut microbiota in complications after ischemic stroke

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 5, 2024

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a serious central nervous system disease. Post-IS complications, such as post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), depression (PSD), hemorrhagic transformation (HT), gastrointestinal dysfunction, cardiovascular events, and infection (PSI), result in neurological deficits. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) facilitates bidirectional signal transduction communication between the intestines brain. Recent studies have reported alterations gut microbiota diversity post-IS, suggesting involvement of post-IS complications through various mechanisms bacterial translocation, immune regulation, production metabolites, thereby affecting disease prognosis. In this review, to provide insights into prevention treatment improvement long-term prognosis IS, we summarize interaction along with effects on complications.

Language: Английский

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The clinical relevance of the reversal of coronary atherosclerotic plaque

European Journal of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 129, P. 16 - 24

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains a leading cause of death globally despite advances in preventive therapies. Understanding the initiation and progression atherosclerosis, interplay between lipoproteins, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, immune responses is critical to treating this disease. The development vulnerable coronary plaques prone thrombosis, can lead acute syndromes, for these reasons, potential plaque stabilization regression through pharmacological interventions, particularly lipid-lowering agents like statins PCSK9 inhibitors crucial. imaging techniques such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), optical coherence tomography (OCT) play key role assessing composition guiding interventional therapeutic strategies. Clinical evidence supports efficacy intensive therapy inducing regression, with studies demonstrating reductions volume improvements morphology assessed by IVUS, OCT NIRS. While interventions show promise promoting stabilization, their impact on long-term events requires further investigation. Multimodality comprehensive outcome trials are proposed essential tools elucidating relationship modification clinical benefit atherosclerosis. or atherosclerotic might serve phenomenon linking reduction LDL-C levels decrease events. Overall, review emphasizes ongoing efforts advance our understanding ASCVD pathophysiology optimize approaches improving patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Long‐term risk of cardiovascular disease associated with MASLD and different cardiometabolic risk factors in IBD patients: A prospective cohort study

Liver International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(9), P. 2315 - 2328

Published: May 31, 2024

Abstract Background To examine the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks associated with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver (MASLD) and different numbers of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) in patients inflammatory bowel (IBD) based on a long‐term prospective cohort. Methods Prevalent IBD at baseline who were free CVD, cancer, alcoholic disease, cancer hepatitis B/C virus seropositive included (N = 4204). MASLD, MASLD subtypes [pure increased alcohol intake (MetALD)], lean/non‐lean CMRFs defined according to latest criteria proposed by AASLD EASL. The primary outcome was incident including ischaemic heart (IHD), failure (HF) stroke. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models used estimate relationship. Results Overall, 1528 (36.4%) diagnosed baseline. During median 13.1‐year follow‐up, 503 CVDs identified. Compared IBD‐only, IBD‐MASLD had an CVD (HR 1.77, 95%CI: 1.26–2.49), especially those MetALD 2.34, 1.34–4.11) lean 2.30, 1.13–4.66). As number increased, significantly ( p trend <0.001), 116% 92% excess 3 2.16, 1.48–3.15) ≥4 1.92, 1.27–2.91). Similar IHD HF observed IBD‐MASLD, either pure or MetALD, as well MASLD. Conclusions is patients, greater evidently higher patients.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiome and the brain

Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 9, 2024

Purpose of review The importance the gut microbiome for human health and well-being is generally accepted, elucidating signaling pathways between host offers novel mechanistic insight into (patho)physiology multifaceted aspects healthy aging brain functions. Recent findings tightly linked with nervous system, microbiota are increasingly emerging as important regulators emotional cognitive performance. They send receive signals bidirectional communication via immunological, neuroanatomical, humoral pathways. composition spectrum metabolites neurotransmitters that they release changes increasing age, nutrition, hypoxia, other pathological conditions. Changes in (dysbiosis) associated critical illnesses such cancer, cardiovascular, chronic kidney disease but also neurological, mental, pain disorders, well chemotherapies antibiotics affecting development function. Summary Dysbiosis a concomitant imbalance mediators both causes consequences diseases brain. Understanding microbiota’s role pathogenesis these disorders will have major clinical implications offer new opportunities therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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Bacteriophages and their potential for treatment of metabolic diseases

Journal of Diabetes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Abstract Recent advances highlight the role of gut virome, particularly phageome, in metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, stroke, coronary heart hyperlipidemia. While alterations bacteria are well‐documented, emerging evidence suggests that changes viruses also contribute to these disorders. Bacteriophages, most abundant viruses, influence bacterial populations through their lytic lysogenic cycles, potentially modulating ecosystem pathways. Phage therapy, previously overshadowed by antibiotics, is experiencing renewed interest due rising antibiotic resistance. It offers a novel approach precisely edit microbiota, with promising applications diseases. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries about virome disease patients, review preclinical clinical studies phage therapy on diseases well breakthroughs currently faced problems concerns. image

Language: Английский

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The efficacy of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MSMC39-1 and Bifidobacterium animalis TA-1 probiotics in modulating gut microbiota and reducing the risk of the characteristics of metabolic syndrome: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. e0317202 - e0317202

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Modern treatment, a healthy diet, and physical activity routines lower the risk factors for metabolic syndrome; however, this condition is associated with all-cause cardiovascular mortality worldwide. This investigation involved randomized controlled trial, double-blind, parallel study. Fifty-eight participants of syndrome according to inclusion criteria were into two groups given probiotics ( Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MSMC39-1 Bifidobacterium animalis TA-1) (n = 31) or placebo 27). The had mean age 42.29 ± 7.39 43.89 7.54 years in groups, respectively. Stool samples, anthropometric data, blood chemistries taken at baseline 12 weeks. primary outcome was achieved by group as their low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level dramatically lowered compared (the difference 39.97 26.83 mg/dl, p-value <0.001). Moreover, significant reductions body weight, mass index, waist circumference, systolic pressure, total cholesterol observed volunteers treated placebo. In gut microbiome analysis, results showed statistically differences beta diversity post-intervention group. Blautia , Roseburia Collinsella Ruminococcus among microbiomes that more prevalent addition, exhibited increases predicted functional changes ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, well ribonucleic acid transport, biosynthesis unsaturated fatty acids, glycerophospholipid metabolism, pyruvate metabolism. conclusion, research demonstrated L . B TA-1 have efficacy syndrome.

Language: Английский

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