The triple exposure nexus of microplastic particles, plastic-associated chemicals, and environmental pollutants from a human health perspective

Environment International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 188, P. 108736 - 108736

Published: May 10, 2024

The presence of microplastics (MPs) is increasing at a dramatic rate globally, posing risks for exposure and subsequent potential adverse effects on human health. Apart from being physical objects, MP particles contain thousands plastic-associated chemicals (i.e., monomers, chemical additives, non-intentionally added substances) captured within the polymer matrix. These are often migrating MPs can be found in various environmental matrices food chains; health effects. In addition to attributes MPs, plastic surfaces effectively bind exogenous chemicals, including pollutants (e.g., heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants). Therefore, act as vectors pollution across air, drinking water, food, further amplifying posed by exposure. Critically, fragmentation plastics environment increases risk interactions with cells, available leach adsorb transfer pollutants. This review proposes so-called triple nexus approach comprehensively map existing knowledge interconnected particles, Based data, there large gap regard cumulative nexus. Each component known induce genotoxicity, inflammation, endocrine disruption, but about long-term inter-individual lacking. Furthermore, not readily excreted organisms after ingestion they have been accumulated blood, cardiac tissue, placenta, etc. Even though number studies MPs-associated impacts rapidly, this underscores that pressing necessity achieve an integrated assessment MPs' order address future gaps.

Language: Английский

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Beyond microbeads: Examining the role of cosmetics in microplastic pollution and spotlighting unanswered questions

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 476, P. 135053 - 135053

Published: June 27, 2024

The presence of microplastics in cosmetics and personal care products (C&PCPs) has been increasingly the public eye since early 2010s. Despite increasing research into potential environmental health effects microplastics, most to date on C&PCPs investigated "rinse-off" products, while impacts "leave-on" have largely neglected, despite these being purchased greater volumes often having two or more microplastic ingredients their formulations(CosmeticsEurope, 2018b). This review aims synthesize current knowledge C&PCPs, assessing human discussing regulatory implications. lack studies leave-on is significant, suggesting a severe gap regarding in, emissions from, C&PCPs. There noticeable (eco)toxicological consequences exposure from As result, significant aspects contamination may be overlooked legislations emerging globally (including European Commission), which intend restrict use but focus rinse-off only. highlights for decision-making, particularly as alternatives are considered during phase-out periods spotlights need sufficient monitoring alternatives, avoid unforeseen consequences.

Language: Английский

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Polyethylene nanoplastics cause reproductive toxicity associated with activation of both estrogenic hormone receptor NHR-14 and DNA damage checkpoints in C. elegans

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 906, P. 167471 - 167471

Published: Sept. 29, 2023

Language: Английский

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Connecting the Dots: Livestock Animals as Missing Links in the Chain of Microplastic Contamination and Human Health

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 350 - 350

Published: Jan. 22, 2024

Plastic pollution is a global diffuse threat, especially considering its fragmentation into microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs). Since the contamination of aquatic environment already well studied, most studies have now focused on soil. Moreover, number exposure routes toxic effects MNPs in humans continuously increasing. Although can cause inflammation, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity immune toxicity livestock animals, which accumulate ingested/inhaled plastic particles transfer them to through food chain, research this topic still lacking. In farm animals as missing link between soil/plant human health effects, paper aims describe their importance carriers vectors MNP contamination. As early stages, there no standard method quantify amount characteristics different matrices. Therefore, creation common database where researchers report data quantification methods could be helpful for both standardization future training an AI tool predicting abundant/dangerous polymer(s), thus supporting policy decisions reduce perfectly fitting with One Health principles.

Language: Английский

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Nano/micro-plastic, an invisible threat getting into the brain

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 361, P. 142380 - 142380

Published: May 18, 2024

Due to weather and working/operational conditions, plastic degradation produces toxic non-biodegradable nano microplastics (N/M-Ps, ranging from 10 nm 5 mm), over time these N/M-Ps have integrated with the human cycle through ingestion inhalation. These N/M-Ps, as serious emerging pollutants, are causing considerable adverse health issues due up-taken by cells, tissue, organs, including brain. It has been proven that can cross blood-brain barrier (via olfactory blood vessels) affect secretion of neuroinflammatory (cytokine chemokine), transporters, receptor markers. Neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation, brain injury, which may result in such scenarios a concern cause disorders. However, related pathways pathogenesis not well-explored but focus upcoming research. Therefore, this editorial, well-organized multidisciplinary research is required explore associated pathogenesis, leading mapping nano-enabled therapeutics acute chronic N/M-P exposure.

Language: Английский

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Molecular and Cellular Effects of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Focus on Inflammation and Senescence

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(21), P. 1788 - 1788

Published: Oct. 29, 2024

Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Their prevalence, persistence, increasing industrial production have led to questions about their long-term impact on human animal health. This narrative review describes the effects of MNPs oxidative stress, inflammation, aging. Exposure leads increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) across multiple experimental models, including cell lines, organoids, systems. ROS can cause damage cellular macromolecules such as DNA, proteins, lipids. Direct interaction between immune cells or an indirect result stress-mediated may lead pro-inflammatory cytokines throughout different MNP-exposure conditions. inflammatory response is a common feature in pathogenesis neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, other age-related diseases. also act senescence inducers by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction, impairing autophagy, activating DNA responses, exacerbating aging altogether. Increased reproductive transfer MNPs/induced damages from parents offspring animals further corroborates transgenerational health risks tiny particles. aims provoke deeper investigation into notorious these pervasive particles well-being longevity.

Language: Английский

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Polyethylene Micro/Nanoplastics Exposure Induces Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Human Bronchial and Alveolar Epithelial Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(18), P. 10168 - 10168

Published: Sept. 22, 2024

Micro/nanoplastics (MNPs), which are widely spread in the environment, have gained attention because of their ability to enter human body mainly through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, thus representing a serious health threat. Several studies reported presence MNPs lung tissue potential role MNP inhalation triggering fibrosis tumorigenesis. However, there is paucity knowledge regarding cellular response composed polyethylene (PE), one most common plastic pollutants biosphere. In this study, we investigated effects low/high concentrations PE on respiratory epithelial cell viability migration/invasion abilities, using MTT, scratch, transwell assays. Morphological molecular changes were assessed via immunofluorescence, Western blot, qRT-PCR. We demonstrated that acute exposure does not induce toxicity. Instead, cells displayed visible morphological also involving actin cytoskeleton reorganization. Our data underlined epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Moreover, remarkable increase migration was noticed, absence significant alteration cell’s invasive capacity. The present study highlights impact epithelium, suggesting possible carcinogenesis.

Language: Английский

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Microplastics in the Human Body: Exposure, Detection, and Risk of Carcinogenesis: A State-of-the-Art Review

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(21), P. 3703 - 3703

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Humans cannot avoid plastic exposure due to its ubiquitous presence in the natural environment. The waste generated is poorly biodegradable and exists form of MPs, which can enter human body primarily through digestive tract, respiratory or damaged skin accumulate various tissues by crossing biological membrane barriers. There an increasing amount research on health effects MPs. Most literature reports focus impact plastics respiratory, digestive, reproductive, hormonal, nervous, immune systems, as well metabolic MPs accumulation leading epidemics obesity, diabetes, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. xenobiotics, undergo ADMET processes body, i.e., absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, are not fully understood. Of particular concern carcinogenic chemicals added during manufacturing adsorbed from environment, such chlorinated paraffins, phthalates, phenols, bisphenols, be released when absorbed body. continuous increase NMP has accelerated SARS-CoV-2 pandemic there was a need use single-use products daily life. Therefore, urgent diagnose problems related MP detection.

Language: Английский

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Micro(nano)plastics: an Emerging Burden for Human Health

International Journal of Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(14), P. 5779 - 5792

Published: Oct. 21, 2024

The escalation of plastic pollution represents a global environmental and health problem. Important toxic effects have been attributed to the increasing diffusion microplastics (MPs) nanoplastics (NPs) derived from degradation plastics. These particles ubiquitously observed in environment, with humans being continuously exposed via ingestion, inhalation skin contact. Nonetheless, cellular homeostasis imbalance induced by micro- nano- plastics (MNPs) human has only recently shown, while most evidence molecular mechanisms studies

Language: Английский

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Health Implications of Widespread Micro- and Nanoplastic Exposure: Environmental Prevalence, Mechanisms, and Biological Impact on Humans

Toxics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 730 - 730

Published: Oct. 10, 2024

The increasing awareness of the potential health risks associated with microplastics' (MPs) and nanoplastics' (NPs) presence in environment has led to a significant rise research focused on these particles over past few years. This review focuses MPs'/NPs' spread, pathways exposure, toxicological effects human legal framework related MP/NP challenges. Several projects have aimed assess their harm health, focusing different systems organs. After exposure (independent pathway), hazards reach blood stream concentrate Further, they are responsible for harmful changes, having an immediate effect (pain, inflammation, or hormone imbalance) lead long-term disease (e.g., infertility, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer). Toxicological been noticed at high concentrations MPs, specifically polystyrene, most widespread typical MP, but only short-term mostly studied. Significant quantities consumed MPs discovered diverse detrimental effects, posing threat welfare. exact microplastics that inhaled swallowed then build up body still not known. Further investigation is necessary evaluate impact contamination minimal prolonged durations.

Language: Английский

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