Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Link between Obesity and Atrial Fibrillation

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 117 - 117

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

The adipose tissue has long been thought to represent a passive source of triglycerides and fatty acids. However, extensive data have demonstrated that the is also major endocrine organ directly or indirectly affects physiological functions almost all cell types. Obesity recognized as risk factor for multiple systemic conditions, including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, sleep apnea, cardiovascular disorders, many others. Obesity-related changes in induce functional structural cardiac myocytes, promoting wide range atrial fibrillation (AF). Due wealth epidemiologic linking AF obesity, mechanisms underlying occurrence obese patients are an area rich ongoing investigation. progress somewhat slowed by complex phenotypes both obesity AF. triad inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction critical pathogenesis setting via proarrhythmic at level atria. aim this paper provide comprehensive view close relationship between obesity-induced clinical implications these mechanistic insights discussed.

Language: Английский

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Role of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Skin Homeostasis: An Update

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(5), P. 1803 - 1803

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Skin aging is the most prominent phenotype of host and consequence a combination genes environment. Improving skin essential for maintaining healthy physiological function mental health human body. Mitochondria are vital organelles that play important roles in cellular mechanisms, including energy production free radical balance. However, mitochondrial metabolism, dynamics, biogenesis, degradation processes vary greatly various cells skin. It well known dysfunction can promote its associated diseases skin, resulting damage physiology occurrence pathology. In this review, we summarize role mitochondria cells, review responses to steps quality regulation, phagocytosis, describe their importance specific pathways aging.

Language: Английский

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Senescent adipocytes and type 2 diabetes – current knowledge and perspective concepts

BioMolecular Concepts, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Among civilization diseases, the number of individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is expected to increase more than a billion in less 20 years, which associated with, e.g., populational aging, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, genetic predispositions, and immunological factors. T2DM affects many organs characterized by insulin resistance, high glucose levels, adipocyte dysfunction, are related senescence. Although this cellular aging has beneficial biological functions, it can also act unfavorable since senescent adipocytes resist apoptosis, enhance cytokine secretion, downregulate cell identity genes, acquire senescence-associated secretory phenotype that renders oxidative environment. Opposing possible via wide variety senotherapies, including senolytics senomorphics; nevertheless, further research advised expand therapeutic possibilities benefits. Consequences ought be deeply researched include phenotype, chronic inflammation, increasing as well impairment adipogenesis functioning cells. Herein, despite reviewing fat tissue senescence, we summarized latest adipocyte-related anti-diabetes solutions suggested directions.

Language: Английский

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Molecular bases of adipose tissue aging

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Aging impacts each and every living organism. In higher organisms, it is an asynchronous process with its onset pace varying among tissue types as well different cell within a tissue. Adipose the largest energy depot in body endocrine organ responsible for metabolic homeostasis. aging marked by fat redistribution, increased visceral reduced subcutaneous observed we age. At molecular level, adipose multifaceted driven diverse mechanisms, involving dysregulated adipogenic pathways, impaired thermogenesis, regeneration, of senescence, emergence inflammation. Dysregulated pathways introduce dysfunction compromising lipid metabolism, leading to complications such insulin resistance diabetes. addition, beige brown further aggravates scenario impacting thermogenesis. Moreover, decline regenerative potential due loss function APSCs limits adipogenesis. Onset senescence disrupts local homeostasis impairing cellular increasing stress. Chronic inflammation extends effects beyond disruption, contributing systemic imbalances. Here, discuss our current understanding mechanisms driving aging, highlighting their implications health. Interventions, as, senolytics, pharmacological modulators, tissue-specific approaches offer promising avenues mitigating aging-related Identifying therapeutic targets clinical translation preserving crucial associated aging.

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Its Mechanistic Development Focusing on Methylglyoxal and Counterbalancing Treatment Strategies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 2394 - 2394

Published: March 7, 2025

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by excessive lipid accumulation in the which dysregulates organ’s function. The key contributor to MASLD development insulin resistance (IR) affects many organs (including adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, and liver), whereas molecular background associated with oxidative, nitrosative, carbonyl stress. Among molecules responsible for stress effects, methylglyoxal (MGO) seems play major pathological MGO—a by-product of glycolysis, fructolysis, lipolysis (from glycerol fatty acids-derived ketone bodies)—is implicated hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases. Its causative effect stimulation prooxidative proinflammatory pathways has been well documented. Since metabolic dysregulation leading these pathologies promotes MASLD, role MGO addressed this review. Potential participation mechanism discussed regard its different signaling routes events accelerating disorder. Moreover, treatment strategies including approved potential therapies are overviewed them, medications aimed at attenuating MGO-induced processes addressed.

Language: Английский

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Effect of Different Fatty Acid Types on Mitochondrial Dysfunction Associated With Brown and Beige Adipose Tissue

Nutrition Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 15, 2025

Abstract Adipose tissue serves as a dynamic endocrine organ that is pivotal in metabolic regulation. Augmenting mitochondrial activity within this holds promise combating obesity. Mitochondrial function intricately modulated by diverse fatty acid compositions. This comprehensive review aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying dysfunction induced various profiles. While saturated acids (SFAs) pose threat integrity, polyunsaturated (PUFAs), notably n-3, mitigate SFA-induced damage, concurrently regulating thermogenic gene expression. With regard monounsaturated (MUFAs), their impact on adipose remains relatively unexplored. Although human studies are imperative for insights, prioritizing consumption of n-3 and MUFAs has emerged strategic approach, potentially enhancing biogenesis pathways. synthesis underscores critical need further investigation differential effects types mitochondria, offering potential avenues obesity intervention.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism across skin cells: implications for skin homeostasis and aging

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 15, 2023

Aging of human skin is a complex process leading to decline in homeostasis and regenerative potential this tissue. Mitochondria are important cell organelles that have crucial role several cellular mechanisms such as energy production free radical maintenance. However, mitochondrial metabolism well processes dynamics, biogenesis, degradation varies considerably among the different types cells populate skin. Disturbed function known promote aging inflammation skin, impairment physiological onset pathologies. In review, we discuss essential mitochondria how morphology, physiology, each these compartments contributes aging.

Language: Английский

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Senescence in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Biological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Challenges

Published: July 2, 2024

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) represent a subset of mesenchymal in every adipose compartment throughout the body. ADSCs can differentiate into various cell types, including chondrocytes, osteocytes, myocytes, and adipocytes. Moreover, they exhibit notable potential to vitro from other germinal lineages, endothelial neurons. have wide range clinical applications, breast surgery chronic wounds. Furthermore, are promising population for future tissue-engineering uses. Accumulating evidence indicates decreased proliferation differentiation with increasing age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, or exposure radiotherapy. Therefore, recent literature thoroughly investigates this population's senescence mechanisms how hinder their possible therapeutic applications. This review will discuss biological physio-pathological causes behind ADSC impact cellular functionality. we examine strategies invert these processes, re-establishing full regenerative progenitor population.

Language: Английский

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Senescence in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Biological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Challenges

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(15), P. 8390 - 8390

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) represent a subset of the mesenchymal in every adipose compartment throughout body. ADSCs can differentiate into various cell types, including chondrocytes, osteocytes, myocytes, and adipocytes. Moreover, they exhibit notable potential to vitro from other germinal lineages, endothelial neurons. have wide range clinical applications, breast surgery chronic wounds. Furthermore, are promising population for future tissue-engineering uses. Accumulating evidence indicates decreased proliferation differentiation with an increasing age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, or exposure radiotherapy. Therefore, recent literature thoroughly investigates this population’s senescence mechanisms how hinder its possible therapeutic applications. This review will discuss biological physio-pathological causes behind ADSC impact cellular functionality. we examine strategies invert these processes, re-establishing full regenerative progenitor population.

Language: Английский

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Prediction of Osteoporotic Hip Fracture Outcome: Comparative Accuracy of 27 Immune–Inflammatory–Metabolic Markers and Related Conceptual Issues

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(13), P. 3969 - 3969

Published: July 7, 2024

: This study, based on the concept of immuno-inflammatory-metabolic (IIM) dysregulation, investigated and compared prognostic impact 27 indices at admission for prediction postoperative myocardial injury (PMI) and/or hospital death in hip fracture (HF) patients.

Language: Английский

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