Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Language: Английский
Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 709 - 709
Published: June 12, 2024
Psychosis, defined as a set of symptoms that results in distorted sense reality, is observed several psychiatric disorders addition to schizophrenia. This paper reviews the literature relevant underlying neurobiology psychosis. The dopamine hypothesis has been major influence study neurochemistry psychosis and development antipsychotic drugs. However, it became clear early on other factors must be involved dysfunction In current review, reported how these factors, namely dysregulation neurotransmitters [dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)], neuroinflammation, glia (microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes), hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, gut microbiome, oxidative stress, mitochondrial contribute interact with one another. Research increased knowledge complexity psychotic disorders. Potential new pharmacotherapies, including combinations drugs (with pre- probiotics some cases) affecting mentioned above, have suggested. Similarly, putative biomarkers, particularly those related immune system, proposed. Future research both pharmacotherapy biomarkers will require better-designed studies conducted an all stages consider confounders such sex differences comorbidity.
Language: Английский
Citations
11
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 873 - 873
Published: Jan. 21, 2025
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of central nervous system by regulating solute transport and preventing neurotoxic substances from infiltrating brain tissue. In schizophrenia, emerging evidence identifies BBB dysfunction as key pathophysiological factor associated with neuroinflammation, tight junction abnormalities, endothelial dysfunction. Recent advancements neuroimaging techniques, such arterial spin labeling (ASL), have provided valuable tools for investigating permeability its disease progression. This review synthesizes findings postmortem studies, serum cerebrospinal fluid biomarker analyses, advanced research to elucidate alterations schizophrenia. It highlights mechanistic roles protein dysregulation, neurovascular unit dysfunction, immune responses disrupting integrity. Furthermore, examines bidirectional effects antipsychotic medications on BBB, addressing both therapeutic opportunities potential challenges. By emphasizing pivotal schizophrenia pathogenesis, this underscores translational potential. Through integration multidisciplinary evidence, it lays foundation innovative diagnostic approaches strategies, enhancing our understanding schizophrenia’s complex pathophysiology.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(8), P. 4452 - 4452
Published: April 18, 2024
Schizophrenia is a significant worldwide health concern, affecting over 20 million individuals and contributing to potential reduction in life expectancy by up 14.5 years. Despite its profound impact, the precise pathological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia continue remain enigmatic, with previous research yielding diverse occasionally conflicting findings. Nonetheless, one consistently observed phenomenon brain imaging studies of patients disruption white matter, bundles myelinated axons that provide connectivity rapid signalling between regions. Myelin produced specialised glial cells known as oligodendrocytes, which have been shown be disrupted post-mortem analyses patients. Oligodendrocytes are generated throughout major population oligodendrocyte progenitor (OPC), essential for matter plasticity. Notably, decline specific subpopulation OPC has identified principal factor loss aging brain, suggesting this may also schizophrenia. In review, we analysed genomic databases pinpoint intersections identify shared cognitive dysfunction.
Language: Английский
Citations
5
Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 387 - 387
Published: May 28, 2024
Exosomes are 30–150 nm small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) which highly stable and encapsulated by a phospholipid bilayer. contain proteins, lipids, RNAs (mRNAs, microRNAs/miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs/lncRNAs), DNA of their parent cell. In pathological conditions, the composition exosomes is altered, making potential source biomarkers for disease diagnosis. can cross blood–brain barrier (BBB), an advantage using in diagnosis central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Neuropsychiatric diseases belong to CNS diseases, many diagnostic markers have been identified neuropsychiatric Here, we review discuss application exosomal early accurate these Additionally, outline limitations future directions
Language: Английский
Citations
5
Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Dec. 5, 2024
Abstract Dysfunctional glial cells play a pre-eminent role in schizophrenia pathophysiology. Post-mortem studies have provided evidence for significantly decreased cell numbers different brain regions of individuals with schizophrenia. Reduced are most pronounced oligodendroglia, but reduced astrocyte densities also been reported. This review highlights that oligo- and astroglial deficits key histopathological feature schizophrenia, distinct from typical changes seen neurodegenerative disorders. Significant oligodendrocytes may arise two ways: (i) demise mature functionally compromised oligodendrocytes; (ii) lack due to failed maturation progenitor cells. We analyse detail the controversy regarding astrocytes. Regardless their origin, several pathophysiological consequences. Among these, myelination number be important factor, resulting disconnectivity between neurons observed When die, it appears through degeneration, process which is basically reversible. Thus, therapeutic interventions help rescue or improve might viable option. Since antipsychotic treatment alone does not seem prevent loss deficits, there intense search new options. Current proposals range application antidepressants other chemical agents as well physical exercise engrafting healthy into brains patients.
Language: Английский
Citations
5
Genomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 117(3), P. 111033 - 111033
Published: March 22, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Mental Illness, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Background: Adolescence is a critical stage for neurobiological development, including the formulation of advanced cognitive functions. It also period immense susceptibility to psychiatric disorders, meaning that there may be cortical structural abnormalities in adolescents with these conditions, schizophrenia. Adolescents schizophrenia tend have symptoms are common variety leading diagnostic challenges. Thus, we meta‐analyzed MRI data study brain characteristics adolescent Methods: We used “early onset schizophrenia, child/children/childhood adolescent/adolescence and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)” as keywords searches PubMed, Web Science, EBSCO databases, ClincalTrial.gov find English‐language articles publicly available before March 31, 2023. This meta‐analysis was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023404619) followed guidelines PRISMA. Results: Twenty‐nine publications were included final meta‐analysis, involving 726 patients 1039 healthy controls. found only volume meta‐analysis. Gray matter (GM) structures frontal, occipital, parietal areas, well thalamus, significantly reduced, while lateral ventricles increased. In childhood‐onset (COS), total GM, parietal, ventricle altered. Patients first‐episode drug‐naïve (FEDN) had significant atrophy frontal along enlarged ventricles. Additionally, sum GM white matter, volume, temporal, left temporal decreased, but putamen COS patients, reduced considerably, volumes Conclusions: Our indicates extensive regions schizophrenics, especially within structures. either or non‐first‐episode who received antipsychotic medication exhibited abnormalities. The ventricles, crucial biological markers providing basis exploring pathological mechanisms underlying disease, essential targets early diagnosis treatments.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(4)
Published: April 24, 2025
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative characterized by the formation of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and progressive cognitive decline. Amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) monoclonal antibody therapeutic clinical trials have nearly failed, raising significant concerns about other etiological hypotheses AD. Recent evidence suggests that AD patients also exhibit persistent neuronal loss death accompanied brain iron deposition or overload-related oxidative stress. Ferroptosis type cell depends on iron, unlike autophagy apoptosis. Inhibiting ferroptosis function effective in improving impairment Notably, new research shows crucially dependent glial activation. This review examines relationship between imbalance metabolism, regulation homeostasis cells pathology. Finally, summarizes some current drug targeting homeostasis, many novel iron-chelating compounds natural showing potential AD-modifying properties may provide targets for treating
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 10 - 10
Published: Dec. 25, 2024
Schizophrenia is a complex heterogenous disorder thought to be caused by interactions between genetic and environmental factors. The theories developed explain the etiology of schizophrenia have focused largely on dysfunction neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin glutamate with their receptors, although research in past several decades has indicated strongly that other factors are also involved role neuroglial cells psychotic disorders including should given more attention. Although glia were originally present brain only support neurons physical, metabolic nutritional capacity, it become apparent these variety important physiological roles abnormalities function may make significant contributions symptoms schizophrenia. In paper, we review microglia, astrocytes oligodendroglia aspects transmitter dysregulation, neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic function, gut microbiome, myelination blood-brain barrier appear affect cause, development treatment We crosstalk oligodendrocytes effects antipsychotics neuroglia. Problems associated studies specific biomarkers for discussed.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
0