Cannabis-Based Phytocannabinoids: Overview, Mechanism of Action, Therapeutic Application, Production, and Affecting Environmental Factors

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(20), P. 11258 - 11258

Published: Oct. 19, 2024

This review provides an overview of cannabis-based phytocannabinoids, focusing on their mechanisms action, therapeutic applications, and production processes, along with the environmental factors that affect quality efficacy. Phytocannabinoids such as THC (∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol), CBD (cannabidiol), CBG (cannabigerol), CBN (cannabinol), CBC (cannabichromene) exhibit significant potential in treating various physical mental health conditions, including chronic pain, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, skin disorders, anxiety. The cultivation cannabis plays a crucial role determining cannabinoid profiles, indoor offering more control consistency than outdoor methods. Environmental light, water, temperature, humidity, nutrient management, CO2, drying method used are key to optimizing content inflorescences. outlines need for broader data transfer between industry technological production, especially terms what concentration ratios effective treatment. Such would provide cultivators information parameters should be manipulated obtain required final product.

Language: Английский

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AVALIAÇÃO DO USO E EFICÁCIA DO CANABIDIOL PARA TRATAMENTO DE TRANSTORNOS DE ANSIEDADE E DEPRESSÃO

RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. e626180 - e626180

Published: Feb. 22, 2025

A presente revisão destaca o uso do canabidiol (CBD) como alternativa terapêutica para transtornos de ansiedade e depressão, destacando sua interação com sistema endocanabinoide os receptores 5HT1A, responsáveis pela regulação humor estresse. Materiais Métodos: trata-se uma integrativa literatura artigos publicados entre 2015 2024, utilizando a estratégia PICO definir eficácia CBD em comparação placebo tratamentos convencionais. Resultados Discussão: Foram incluídos 11 estudos que indicaram resultados variados: enquanto alguns demonstraram reduções significativas nos sintomas outros mostraram evidências inconclusivas ou benefícios limitados. Conclusão: Embora tenha se mostrado seguro potencialmente eficaz, especialmente formulações específicas populações selecionadas, necessidade mais robustos é destacada. Conclusivamente, apresentado abordagem emergente, mas ainda carente validação científica abrangente aplicação clínica rotineira.

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The Impact of a Quinone Scaffold on Thermo-TRPs Modulation by Dimethylheptyl Phytocannabinoids

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 2682 - 2682

Published: March 17, 2025

Phytocannabinoids (pCBs) from Cannabis sativa represent an important class of bioactive molecules, potentially useful for the treatment a wide range diseases. Their efficacy is due to their ability interact with multiple targets endocannabinoid system, including thermosensitive transient receptor potential (Thermo-TRPs), namely TRPV1-4, TRPA1, and TRPM8 channels. Previously, we demonstrated shift in selectivity toward TRPA1 activity profile main pCBs, that is, CBD, ∆8-THC, CBG, CBC, CBN, by swapping pentyl chain α,α-dimethylheptyl (DMH) one. Using these derivatives as starting point, here investigate effects on thermo-TRPs integration quinone group into resorcinol scaffold. We found that, while substantially retained, increase potency/efficacy TRPV3 modulation observed. Docking studies were used elucidate binding modes most active compounds this receptor, providing rationale biological activity. In summary, show DMH-pCBs are endowed TRPA1/TRPV3 desensitizing activity, skin diseases sustained inflammatory conditions.

Language: Английский

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Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Fibromyalgia

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 47(4), P. 230 - 230

Published: March 27, 2025

Fibromyalgia is a chronic disease marked by extensive musculoskeletal pain, persistent fatigue, and cognitive impairments. Despite its high prevalence, the underlying pathological mechanisms of fibromyalgia are still not fully elucidated. Emerging research has identified endocannabinoid system as an essential factor in modulating pain other symptoms related to fibromyalgia. The plays key role many physiological processes such perception, mood regulation, inflammation. This review provides powerful analysis principal aspects examines evidence regarding involvement this condition, focusing on influence modulation. Moreover, dysregulation patients will be examined, with assessment how variations levels receptor activity may contribute clinical manifestations condition. A better knowledge could lead development novel strategies for managing

Language: Английский

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Profiling of Various Dry Cannabis Sativa From Aceh, Indonesia Based on Cannabinoids Compound Characteristics

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 2, 2025

Background Cannabis, which is a narcotic plant, refers to the leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds. Cannabis used globally for its psychoactive properties with 2.5% of world's population consuming it for. In Indonesia, plant classified as Class 1 prevalence use reaching 41.4%. Aceh one largest cannabis producing regions in due favorable geographical climatic conditions. Despite illegal status, contains valuable phytocannabinoid compounds potentially important medical applications. Previous studies have shown correlation between compound profile origin. This study aims develop classification method based on cannabinoids profiles dried samples taken from five (Aceh Besar, Tengah, Bireuen, Lhokseumawe, Pidie Jaya), by microscopy, raman spectrophotometry, GC-MS, parametric statistical analysis assist authorities tracing source law enforcement forensic purposes. Results In this study, sativa Aceh, was tested Raman spectroscopy GC-MS produce informative cannabinoid profiling. The results obtained 10 quantified (Δ9-THC, CBD, THCV, CBL, CBTC, Methoxy-THC, CBC, CBG, Δ9-THCH, CBN). showed Δ9-THC had highest overall content indicated most clustering profile. Among various regions, Besar content. Statistical data found (1) revealed responsible cultivars clusters, (2) variation among chemical result growing environment, (3) facilitated prediction helping categorize unknown origin profiles. Conclusion Raman proven reliable efficient methods classifying Indonesia. findings help reveal location specimens. All contained major constituent. comes AB influence environmental factors. Parametric test concluded that there no significant effect geog raphical related relatively close distance range samples. Additionally, comparing these other analytical techniques will support defined models improve their application science, particularly drug quality assessment.

Language: Английский

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Effect of Heat Processing on Major Psychoactive Compounds and Total Phenolic Content in Psychotropic Plants: Cannabis (Cannabis Sativa) and Kratom (Mitragyna Speciosa) Leaves

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 13, 2025

Background: Several countries have legalized cannabis (Cannabis sativa) and kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), increasing accessibility to these psychotropic plants for medicinal recreational purposes. Cooking is a popular method utilize at the household level. The aim of this research was study effect cooking conditions on psychoactive compounds, namely cannabidiol (CBD) tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) derivatives (△8, △9THC, tetrahydrocannabinolic) in mitragynine kratom. Methods: Quantitative analysis substances performed using LC/MS/MS. Cannabis were subjected different based methods, including steaming, boiling, deep-frying, stir-frying, products. Results: results indicate that boiling steaming retain highest content THC cannabis. For kratom, there varied degree reduction by which ranged from 20% 50%. total phenolic all treated samples lower than fresh samples. Conclusion: Various methods product formulation affect CBD quantity, so it important assess retention those phytocannabinoids finished product. However, adverse effects are unlikely as they present low quantities.

Language: Английский

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Cannabinoids from C. sativa L.: Systematic Review on Potential Pharmacological Effects against Infectious Diseases Downstream and Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

Future Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(3), P. 590 - 625

Published: Sept. 9, 2024

Cannabis sativa L. has garnered attention as a potential source for new antimicrobial agents, particularly due to the increased prevalence of microbial resistance conventional antimicrobials and emergence multidrug-resistant pathogens. This review, conducted according PRISMA 2020 statement, systematically analyzed properties C. extracts cannabinoids against various bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites. Data were collected from scientific literature (102 papers) clinical trials (5 studies) 2014 June 2024. Findings revealed that cannabinoids, especially CBD, demonstrate significant activity Gram-positive bacteria like MRSA, Gram-negative such Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida species, SARS-CoV-2, HIV. Additionally, CBD showed efficacy parasitic infections Echinococcus granulosus Leishmania species. These results suggest may represent class agents with unique diverse mechanisms action, potentially effective in broad-spectrum therapies. study highlights urgent need further research standardized validate these findings develop cannabinoid-based treatments. The align WHO priorities support global health initiatives, offering promising avenues addressing improving public outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Current chromatographic methods to determine cannabinoids in biological samples: a review of the state-of-the art on sample preparation techniques

Green Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 100161 - 100161

Published: Oct. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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Endocannabinoid system and phytocannabinoids in the main species of veterinary interest: a comparative review

Veterinary Research Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 48(5), P. 2915 - 2941

Published: Aug. 20, 2024

Since the discovery of endocannabinoid system and due to empirical evidence therapeutic effects on several illnesses both in humans animals that follow administration exogenous cannabinoids (i.e., phytocannabinoids), numerous studies have been conducted. These investigations aimed identify expression distribution cannabinoid receptors healthy pathologic organs tissues different animal species define interactions phytocannabinoids with these receptors. In last decade, pharmacokinetics, efficacy tolerability many Cannabis derivatives formulations, mainly containing cannabidiol, main veterinary interest, also investigated. This manuscript summarizes findings reported by scientific published so far molecular mode action phytocannabinoids, localization tissues, as well dogs, cats, horses other interest. A deep knowledge issues is crucial for use purposes species.

Language: Английский

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Severe Traumatic Brain Injury and Pulmonary Embolism: Risks, Prevention, Diagnosis and Management

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(15), P. 4527 - 4527

Published: Aug. 2, 2024

Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) is a silent epidemic, causing approximately 300,000 intensive care unit (ICU) admissions annually, with 30% mortality rate. Despite worldwide efforts to optimize the management of patients and improve outcomes, level evidence for treatment these remains low. The concomitant occurrence thromboembolic events, particularly pulmonary embolism (PE), challenge intensivists due risks anticoagulation injured brain. We performed literature review on sTBI PE identify report most recent advances this topic. searched PubMed Scopus papers published in last five years that included terms “pulmonary embolism” “traumatic injury” their title or abstract. Exclusion criteria were referring children, non-sTBI populations, post-acute care. Our search revealed 75 papers, which 38 are review. main topics covered include prevalence risk factors embolism, challenges timely diagnosis ICU, timing pharmacological prophylaxis, diagnosed PE.

Language: Английский

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