The role of the triglyceride-glucose index as a biomarker of cardio-metabolic syndromes

Lipids in Health and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Dec. 23, 2024

The Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index represents a simple, cost-effective, and valid proxy for insulin resistance. This surrogate marker has also been proposed as predictor of metabolic cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this descriptive review, we aimed to assess the utility TyG predictive biomarker cardiometabolic diseases. A search was conducted in PubMed, Web Science identify cross-sectional more importantly prospective studies examining use biomarker. following terms were utilized addition index: "insulin resistance", "metabolic syndrome", "diabetes"; "cardiovascular diseases". review included thirty studies. Following adjustment confounding variables, an elevated associated with significantly increased risk development Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), Type 2 Diabetes, hypertension, CVD. Also limited studies, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress pro-inflammatory phenotype. Overall, our findings support developing MetS, T2DM, well atherosclerotic disease.

Language: Английский

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Advances in the Insulin–Heart Axis: Current Therapies and Future Directions

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(18), P. 10173 - 10173

Published: Sept. 22, 2024

The insulin–heart axis plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) insulin-resistant states, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance disrupts glucose and lipid metabolism, leading to systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, atherogenesis, which contribute heart failure (HF) other CVDs. This review was conducted by systematically searching PubMed, Scopus, Web Science databases for peer-reviewed studies published past decade, focusing on therapeutic interventions targeting axis. Studies were selected based their relevance insulin resistance, outcomes, efficacy pharmacologic treatments. Key findings from highlight lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes physical activity, remain cornerstone managing improving outcomes. Moreover, interventions, metformin, sodium–glucose cotransporter inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 have shown reducing risk addressing metabolic dysfunction, endothelial function. Furthermore, emerging treatments, angiotensin receptor–neprilysin mechanical like ventricular assist devices offer new avenues HF patients. potential these therapies improve left ejection fraction reverse pathological cardiac remodeling highlights importance early intervention. However, challenges optimizing treatment regimens understanding long-term effects agents. Future research should focus personalized approaches that integrate effectively target mitigate burden complications populations.

Language: Английский

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The role of glucose disposal efficiency in predicting stroke among older adults: a cohort study

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 11, 2025

Background Glucose disposal rate (eGDR) has recently been validated as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, providing novel approach to assess metabolic health. However, the relationship between changes in eGDR levels and stroke incidence remains underexplored. The current study aims investigate impact control on related events. Methods Data were obtained from China Longitudinal Study Health Retirement (CHARLS). analysis included 6,375 participants aged 45 above with complete data CHARLS for 2011, 2013, 2015. Logistic multivariable regression examined stroke, using threshold identify inflection points. we categorized into distinct subgroups based sociodemographic variables see other variables. Results Out 8,060 individuals analyzed cohort, 821 diagnosed new-onset stroke. There was notable negative correlation found risk eGDR, each Interquartile Range (IQR) increment leading 38% reduction [OR: 0.62; 95% CI: (0.45,0.84)]. Stratified analyses revealed age potential modifier age-stroke ( P interaction = 0.01). Conclusion Poorly controlled level is associated an increased middle-aged elderly people. Monitoring may help at high early.

Language: Английский

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Insulin resistance and cancer: molecular links and clinical perspectives

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 15, 2025

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the Mystery of Insulin Resistance: From Principle Mechanistic Insights and Consequences to Therapeutic Interventions

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 2770 - 2770

Published: March 19, 2025

Insulin resistance (IR) is a significant factor in the development and progression of metabolic-related diseases like dyslipidemia, T2DM, hypertension, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular cerebrovascular disorders, cancer. The pathogenesis IR depends on multiple factors, including age, genetic predisposition, obesity, oxidative stress, among others. Abnormalities insulin-signaling cascade lead to host, insulin receptor abnormalities, internal environment disturbances, metabolic alterations muscle, liver, cellular organelles. complex multifaceted characteristics signaling envisage their thorough comprehensive understanding at molecular level. Therapeutic strategies for include exercise, dietary interventions, pharmacotherapy. However, there are still gaps be addressed, more precise biomarkers associated chronic lifestyle interventions needed. Understanding these pathways essential developing effective treatments IR, reducing healthcare costs, improving quality patient life.

Language: Английский

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Methylations in dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 11, 2025

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by impaired expansion or contraction of the left both ventricles in absence abnormal load conditions (such as primary valve disease) severe coronary artery disease that can lead to ventricular remodeling. Genetic mutations, infections, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, exposure toxins, and endocrine neuromuscular factors have all been implicated causation DCM. Cardiomyopathy, particularly DCM, often has genetic underpinnings, with established suspected origins. Up 40% DCM cases involve probable confirmed variations. The significance RNA modification pathogenesis hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, atherosclerosis well-established. Of late, methylation garnered attention for its involvement This review examines biological mechanisms effects heart failure.

Language: Английский

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Clinical prediction study on the risk of atrial fibrillation in hypertensive patients based on metabolism, inflammation, and gender differences

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 12, 2025

This study aimed to explore the risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) within one year after discharge in hypertensive patients and construct a corresponding predictive model. single-center, retrospective included 566 admitted with hypertension. Patients were divided into two groups: those who developed AF did not. Variables selected multivariate regression analysis using univariate variance inflation factor (VIF) analysis. Subgroup was performed by gender value of variables, nomogram constructed. The total sample randomly training set validation (7:3 ratio). discrimination calibration model evaluated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. had significantly higher levels white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (NEUT), lymphocytes (LYMPH), creatinine (Scr), fasting glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index compared not (P < 0.05). Males, smokers, diabetic more prevalent group Logistic showed that male gender, Lp(a), HbA1c, NLR, TyG independent predictors patients. constructed an area under ROC curve (AUC) 0.793 0.740 set. curves indicated good fit = 0.726 set; P 0.489 set). Male, are has high accuracy. suggests individualized management strategies should be employed based on these clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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Insulin resistance quantified by estimated glucose disposal rate predicts cardiovascular disease incidence: a nationwide prospective cohort study

Cardiovascular Diabetology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: April 13, 2025

Insulin resistance (IR) is an important pathologic component in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) a measure handling capacity, that has demonstrated utility as reliable marker IR. study aimed to determine predictive IR assessed by eGDR for CVD risk. This nationwide prospective cohort utilized data 6416 participants from China Health Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) who were free but had complete on at baseline. Boruta algorithm was performed feature selection. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis conducted examine associations between CVD, results expressed with hazard ratio (HR) 95% confidence interval (CI) values. area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), calibration curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, net reclassification improvement (NRI), decision (DCA) employed evaluate clinical efficacy identifying CVD. Subgroup explore potential association different populations. During median follow-up 106.5 months, 1339 (20.87%) incident cases, including 1025 (15.96%) heart 439 (6.84%) stroke, recorded CHARLS. RCS curves significant linear relationship all endpoints (all P nonlinear > 0.05). After multivariate adjustment, lower levels found be significantly associated greater prevalence Compared lowest quartile, highest quartile decreased risk (HR 0.686, CI 0.545-0.862). When continuous variable, individuals unit increasement related 21.2% 0.788, 0.669-0.929) 18.3% 0.817, 0.678-0.985) disease, 39.5% 0.705, 0.539-0.923) stroke. excellent performance according ROC (AUC = 0.712) χ2 likelihood test (χ2 4.876, 0.771). NRI DCA also suggested identify prevalent favorable model. revealed trend broadly consistent main across subgroups. A level increased suggesting may serve promising preferable predictor

Language: Английский

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Renal-Cardiac Crosstalk in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Heart Failure

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 136(11), P. 1306 - 1334

Published: May 22, 2025

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a global health issue with high socioeconomic impact. Beyond progressive decline of function, patients CKD are at increased risk cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure (HF) and sudden cardiac death. HF in can manifest both as reduced ejection fraction preserved fraction, the latter further increasing relative importance more advanced stages CKD. Typical remodeling characteristics uremic cardiomyopathy include left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, electrical dysregulation, capillary rarefaction, microvascular dysfunction, which triggered by preload, afterload, preload afterload-independent factors. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying multifactorial neurohormonal activation (with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous mineralocorticoid receptor signaling), steroid activation, mitochondrial inflammation, innate immune oxidative stress. Furthermore, disturbances metabolism calcium homeostasis, macrovascular cellular profibrotic responses, accumulation retention solutes, mineral bone disorders also contribute to Here, we review current knowledge CKD, clinical revealed animal studies. We elaborate on detrimental impact comorbidities using hypertension an example discuss hypertensive genetic predisposition. Overall, this aims increase understanding support future research translational approaches for improved diagnosis therapy vulnerable patient population.

Language: Английский

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Association of Serum Uric Acid with Indices of Insulin Resistance: Proposal of a New Model with Reference to Gender Differences

Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 17, P. 3783 - 3793

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Insulin resistance (IR) is a key feature of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and an independent risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Previous studies have linked elevated serum uric acid (SUA) to increased T2D.

Language: Английский

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