International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(6), P. 3275 - 3275
Published: March 14, 2024
While
essential
hypertension
(HTN)
is
very
prevalent,
pulmonary
arterial
(PAH)
rare
in
the
general
population.
However,
due
to
progressive
heart
failure,
prognoses
and
survival
rates
are
much
worse
PAH.
Patients
with
PAH
at
a
higher
risk
of
developing
supraventricular
arrhythmias
malignant
ventricular
arrhythmias.
The
latter
underlie
sudden
cardiac
death
regardless
mechanical
dysfunction.
Systemic
chronic
inflammation
oxidative
stress
causal
factors
that
increase
occurrence
hypertension.
These
stressful
contribute
endothelial
dysfunction
pressure
overload,
resulting
development
pro-arrhythmic
conditions,
including
myocardial
structural,
ion
channel
connexin43
(Cx43)
remodeling
their
Myocardial
fibrosis
appears
be
crucial
proarrhythmic
substrate
linked
electrical
instability
downregulation
abnormal
topology
coupling
protein
Cx43.
Furthermore,
these
conditions
promote
failure.
treatment
algorithm
HTN
superior
PAH,
likely
paucity
comprehensive
pathomechanisms
for
multitargeted
approach
intention
this
review
provide
information
regarding
role
Cx43
hypertensive
disease.
on
progress
therapy
terms
its
cardioprotective
potentially
antiarrhythmic
effects
included.
Specifically,
benefits
sodium
glucose
co-transporter
inhibitors
(SGLT2i),
as
well
sotatercept,
pirfenidone,
ranolazine,
nintedanib,
mirabegron
melatonin
discussed.
Discovering
novel
therapeutic
strategies
may
challenging
further
research.
Undoubtedly,
such
research
should
include
protection
from
stress,
primary
jeopardize
homeostasis,
integrity
intercalated
disk
extracellular
matrix,
and,
thereby,
function.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: April 20, 2023
Abstract
Hypertension
is
a
global
public
health
issue
and
the
leading
cause
of
premature
death
in
humans.
Despite
more
than
century
research,
hypertension
remains
difficult
to
cure
due
its
complex
mechanisms
involving
multiple
interactive
factors
our
limited
understanding
it.
condition
that
named
after
clinical
features.
Vascular
function
factor
affects
blood
pressure
directly,
it
main
strategy
for
clinically
controlling
BP
regulate
constriction/relaxation
vessels.
elasticity,
caliber,
reactivity
are
all
characteristic
indicators
reflecting
vascular
function.
Blood
vessels
composed
three
distinct
layers,
out
which
endothelial
cells
intima
smooth
muscle
media
performers
The
alterations
signaling
pathways
these
key
molecular
underlying
dysfunction
development.
In
this
manuscript,
we
will
comprehensively
review
involved
regulation
progression,
including
calcium
pathway,
NO-NOsGC-cGMP
various
remodeling
some
important
upstream
such
as
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system,
oxidative
stress-related
immunity/inflammation
etc.
Meanwhile,
also
summarize
treatment
methods
targets
discuss
possibility
being
applied
work.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(2), P. 281 - 281
Published: Jan. 27, 2023
As
a
major
cause
of
morbidity
and
mortality
globally,
hypertension
remains
serious
threat
to
global
public
health.
Despite
the
availability
many
antihypertensive
medications,
several
hypertensive
individuals
are
resistant
standard
treatments,
unable
control
their
blood
pressure.
Regulation
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system
(RAAS)
controlling
pressure,
activation
immune
triggering
inflammation
production
reactive
oxygen
species,
leading
oxidative
stress
redox-sensitive
signaling,
have
been
implicated
in
pathogenesis
hypertension.
Thus,
besides
which
lower
arterial
antioxidant
medications
were
tested
improve
treatment.
We
review
discuss
role
pathophysiology
potential
use
antioxidants
management
its
associated
organ
damage.
Cell Death Discovery,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: Jan. 24, 2025
Abstract
Free
radicals,
characterized
by
the
presence
of
unpaired
electrons,
are
highly
reactive
species
that
play
a
significant
role
in
human
health.
These
molecules
can
be
generated
through
various
endogenous
processes,
such
as
mitochondrial
respiration
and
immune
cell
activation,
well
exogenous
sources,
including
radiation,
pollution,
smoking.
While
free
radicals
essential
for
certain
physiological
signaling
defense,
their
overproduction
disrupt
delicate
balance
between
oxidants
antioxidants,
leading
to
oxidative
stress.
Oxidative
stress
results
damage
critical
biomolecules
like
DNA,
proteins,
lipids,
contributing
pathogenesis
diseases.
Chronic
conditions
cancer,
cardiovascular
diseases,
neurodegenerative
disorders,
inflammatory
diseases
have
been
strongly
associated
with
harmful
effects
radicals.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
overview
characteristics
types
mechanisms
formation,
biological
impacts.
Additionally,
we
explore
natural
compounds
extracts
studied
antioxidant
properties,
offering
potential
therapeutic
avenues
managing
radical-induced
damage.
Future
research
directions
also
discussed
advance
our
understanding
treatment
radical-associated
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
19(18), P. 11242 - 11242
Published: Sept. 7, 2022
Cardiovascular
diseases
(CVDs)
in
the
course
of
atherosclerosis
are
one
most
critical
public
health
problems
world.
Endothelial
cells
synthesize
numerous
biologically
active
substances
involved
regulating
functions
cardiovascular
system.
dysfunction
is
an
essential
element
pathogenesis
atherosclerosis.
Thus,
assessment
endothelial
function
people
without
overt
CVD
allows
for
a
more
accurate
estimate
risk
developing
and
events.
The
primarily
used
scientific
research,
to
lesser
extent
clinical
practice.
Among
tools
assessing
function,
we
can
distinguish
biochemical
physical
methods,
while
methods
be
divided
into
invasive
non-invasive
methods.
Flow-mediated
dilation
(FMD)
based
on
ultrasound
changes
diameter
brachial
artery
as
result
increased
blood
flow.
FMD
non-invasive,
safe,
repeatable
test,
but
it
must
performed
by
qualified
experienced
medical
staff.
purpose
this
paper
present
literature
review
results
using
method,
including
its
methodology,
applications
practice
limitations,
future
perspectives.
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Feb. 2, 2024
Arterial
hypertension
represents
a
leading
cause
of
cardiovascular
morbidity
and
mortality
worldwide,
the
identification
effective
solutions
for
treating
early
stages
elevated
blood
pressure
(BP)
is
still
relevant
issue
risk
prevention.
The
pathophysiological
basis
occurrence
BP
onset
arterial
have
been
widely
studied
in
recent
years.
In
addition,
consistent
progress
development
novel,
powerful,
antihypertensive
drugs
their
appropriate
applications
controlling
increased
our
potential
successfully
managing
disease
states
characterized
by
abnormal
pressure.
However,
mechanisms
responsible
disruption
endogenous
contributing
to
maintenance
within
normal
range
are
yet
be
fully
clarified.
Recently,
evidence
has
shown
that
several
natural
antioxidants
containing
active
ingredients
originating
from
plant
extracts,
used
alone
or
combination,
may
represent
valid
solution
counteracting
hypertension.
particular,
there
show
enhance
viability
endothelial
cells
undergoing
oxidative
damage,
an
effect
could
play
crucial
role
events
accompanying
present
review
aims
reassess
stress
on
dysfunction
progression
covering
unmet
needs
treatment
such
diseases.
Journal of Clinical Hypertension,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
25(12), P. 1053 - 1068
Published: Oct. 18, 2023
Abstract
Hypertension
is
a
major
public
health
issue
worldwide.
The
imbalance
of
gut
microbiota
thought
to
play
an
important
role
in
the
pathogenesis
hypertension.
authors
conducted
systematic
review
and
meta‐analysis
clarify
relationship
between
hypertension
through
conducting
electronic
search
six
databases.
Our
included
19
studies
results
showed
that
compared
with
healthy
controls,
Shannon
significantly
decreased
[
SMD
=
−0.13,
95%
CI
(−0.22,
−0.04),
p
.007];
however,
Simpson
−0.01,
(−0.14,
0.12),
.87],
ACE
0.18,
(−0.06,
0.43),
.14],
Chao1
0.11,
(−0.01,
0.23),
.08]
did
not
differ
controls.
F/B
ratio
increased
0.84,
(0.10,
1.58),
.03].
In
addition,
index
was
negatively
correlated
r
−0.12,
(−0.19,
−0.05)],
but
had
no
significant
correlation
SBP
0.10,
0.37)]
DBP
−0.39,
(−0.73,
0.12)].
At
phylum
level,
relative
abundance
Firmicutes
(−0.37,
0.34),
.94],
Bacteroidetes
−0.15,
(−0.44,
0.14),
.30],
Proteobacteria
0.25,
0.51),
.06],
Actinobacteria
0.21,
(−0.11,
0.53),
.21]
genus
Faecalibacterium
−0.16,
(−0.28,
.01],
while
Streptococcus
0.20,
(0.08,
0.32),
.001]
Enterococcus
0.33),
.002]
Available
evidence
suggests
hypertensive
patients
may
have
microbiota.
However,
it
still
needs
further
validation
by
large
sample
size
high
quality.
