The battle against fungi: lessons in antifungal stewardship from COVID 19 times

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(1), P. 106846 - 106846

Published: May 13, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the detrimental effect of secondary pathogens in patients with a primary viral insult. In addition to superinfections bacterial pathogens, invasive fungal infections were increasingly reported. diagnosis pulmonary always been challenging; however, it became even more problematic setting COVID-19, particularly regarding interpretation radiological findings and mycology test results these infections. Moreover, prolonged hospitalization ICU, coupled underlying host factors. such as preexisting immunosuppression, use immunomodulatory agents, compromise, caused additional vulnerability this patient population. addition, heavy workload, redeployment untrained staff, inconsistent supply gloves, gowns, masks during outbreak made harder for healthcare workers strictly adhere preventive measures infection control. Taken together, factors favored patient-to-patient spread infections, those by Candida auris, or environment-to-patient transmission, including nosocomial aspergillosis. As associated increased morbidity mortality, empirical treatment was overly used abused COVID-19-infected patients, potentially contributing resistance pathogens. aim paper focus on essential elements antifungal stewardship three COVID-19-associated candidemia (CAC), -pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), -mucormycosis (CAM).

Language: Английский

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Post-COVID-19 Fungal Infection in the Aged Population

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 555 - 555

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is currently a great cause of concern for the healthcare sector around globe. SARS-CoV-2 an RNA virus that causes serious associated with numerous adverse effects and multiple complications different organs systems during its pathogenic cycle in humans. Individuals affected by COVID-19, especially elderly populations immunocompromised people, are greatly vulnerable to opportunistic fungal pathogens. Aspergillosis, invasive candidiasis, mucormycosis widespread coinfections COVID-19 patients. Other infections rare but exhibiting increased incidence current scenario include caused Pneumocystis jirovecii, Histoplasma sp., Cryptococcus etc. By producing virulent spores, these pathogens increase severity morbidity fatality rates patients globally. These generally occur recovering from infection, resulting rehospitalization. Older individuals at higher risk developing infections. This review focuses on understanding prevalent patients, people. We have also highlighted important preventive methods, diagnostic approaches, prophylactic measures

Language: Английский

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A Study on the Effect of Quaternization of Polyene Antibiotics’ Structures on Their Activity, Toxicity, and Impact on Membrane Models

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 608 - 608

Published: June 29, 2024

Polyene antibiotics have been used in antifungal therapy since the mid-twentieth century. They are highly valued for their broad spectrum of activity and rarity pathogen resistance to action. However, use treatment systemic mycoses often results serious side-effects. Recently, there has a renewed interest development new drugs based on polyenes, particularly due emergence dangerous pathogenic strains fungi, such as Candida auris, increased incidence mucormycosis. Considerable understanding established regarding structure-biological relationships polyene antifungals. Yet, no previous studies examined effect introducing quaternized fragments into molecular structure. In this study, we present series amides amphotericin B, nystatin, natamycin bearing group side chain, discuss biological properties: activity, cytotoxicity, effects lipid bilayers that mimic fungal mammalian cell membranes. Our research findings suggest nature introduced residue plays more significant role than merely introduction constant positive charge. Among tested derivatives 4b, 5b, 6b, which contain fragment N-methyl-4-(aminomethyl)pyridinium structure, noteworthy activity.

Language: Английский

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Novel targets and improved immunotherapeutic techniques with an emphasis on antimycosal drug resistance for the treatment and management of mycosis

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(16), P. e35835 - e35835

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Highlights•Antifungal drugs and their resistance development mechanism in mycosis infection.•Different metabolic path for potential targets of antifungal drugs.•The elevated risk factors, diagnosis management mycosis.•Complications assessing treatment strategies mycosis.•Updated immune therapeutics mycosis.AbstractInfections due to pathogenic fungi are endemic particular area with increased morbidity mortality. More than a thousand people infected per year the way is high demand having significant impact on population health. Medical practitioners confront various troublesome analytic therapeutical challenges administration immunosuppressed sufferer at danger expanding fungal infections. An upgraded antimycosal fundamental fruitful result while treating intrusive mycoses. A collection keeps developing specific including cell membrane, mitochondria, wall, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/ribonucleic (RNA) or protein biosynthesis. Some classes ordinarily directed medications polyenes, amphotericin B, syringomycin, allylamines, honokiol, azoles, flucytosine, echinocandins etc. However, few immunotherapy processes vaccinations being developed mark this need, although one presently can't seem arrive conclusion. In review article, there has been trial give details upgradation about current therapeutic techniques vaccination against prevention as well difficulties related turn events. There also visualization mentioned paper assorted target analysis along interventions.Graphical abstractGraphical representation immunotherapeutic methods mycosis.

Language: Английский

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Essential Oil Derived from Underutilized Plants Cymbopogon khasianus Poses Diverse Biological Activities against “Aspergillosis” and “Mucormycosis”

Russian Agricultural Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 49(2), P. 172 - 183

Published: April 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Fungal pathogens and COVID-19

Current Opinion in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 75, P. 102365 - 102365

Published: Aug. 23, 2023

Language: Английский

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Anti-aspergillosis and anti-mucormycosis potential of essential oils from two Cymbopogon spp. targeting riboflavin synthesis pathway

Phytomedicine Plus, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 100440 - 100440

Published: March 28, 2023

Cymbopogon martinii (palmrose essential oil, PEO) and citratus (lemon grass (LEO) are used as complementary traditional medicine worldwide. PEO LEO from genus, contains a diversity of pharmacologically active compounds. Due to the complex nature oils, their antifungal mechanism action against aspergillosis mucormycosis is still not completely understood. Hence, present study aimed at determining chemical profile each performing molecular docking two components geraniol geranial fungal enzymes involved in riboflavin synthesis pathway viz: synthase (RS), biosynthesis protein RibD domain-containing (RibD), 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate (DBPS) opposite sites for drug designing vitro confirmation. Chemical was performed by GC-FID analysis. For docking, patch-dock tool conducted. Ligand-enzyme 3-D interactions were also calculated. ADMET properties (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion toxicity) Antifungal activity evaluated agaist three test pathogens Aspergillus niger, oryzae Mucor indicus using poisoned food technique. showed geraniol/geranial major PEO/LEO, thus, they selected Docking analysis specified binding enzymes. Wet-lab authentication achieved strains A. M. indicus. studies revealed that ligands exhibited with RS, RibD, DBPS H- bond hydrophobic interactions. Geraniol obeyed LIPINSKY rule, adequate bioactivity. Wet lab results indicated PEO/LEO able inhibit growth pathogens. These findings confirm fungicidal oils possible alternatives synthetic fungicides.

Language: Английский

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Prognostic factors and clinical features of rhino-orbital-mucormycosis cases: an update for patient and visual survivals

International Journal of Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 916 - 923

Published: April 24, 2024

To determine the frequency of patients' vision survival and prognostic factors evaluate clinical features in rhino-orbital mucormycosis.

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive Review on the Virulence Factors and Therapeutic Strategies with the Aid of Artificial Intelligence against Mucormycosis

ACS Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(5), P. 1431 - 1457

Published: April 29, 2024

Mucormycosis, a rare but deadly fungal infection, was an epidemic during the COVID-19 pandemic. The rise in cases (COVID-19-associated mucormycosis, CAM) is attributed to excessive steroid and antibiotic use, poor hospital hygiene, crowded settings. Major contributing factors include diabetes weakened immune systems. main manifesting forms of CAM─cutaneous, pulmonary, deadliest, rhinocerebral─and disseminated infections elevated mortality rates 85%. Recent focus lies on small-molecule inhibitors due their advantages over standard treatments like surgery liposomal amphotericin B (which carry several long-term adverse effects), offering potential central nervous system penetration, diverse targets, simpler dosing owing small size, rendering ability traverse blood–brain barrier via passive diffusion facilitated by phospholipid membrane. Adaptation versatility mucormycosis are multitude virulence factors, enabling pathogen dynamically respond various environmental stressors. A comprehensive understanding these mechanisms imperative for devising effective therapeutic interventions against this highly opportunistic that thrives immunocompromised individuals through its angio-invasive nature. Hence, Review delineates principal it employs persist challenging host environments, current progress developing them.

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review on Mucormycosis as co infection of Immunodeficiency Diseases

Osol journal for medical sciences., Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 47 - 55

Published: Dec. 17, 2024

Mucormycosis is a fatal, life-threatening fungal infection occurring in humans that associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. It caused by group of ubiquitous saprophytic molds, which typically affect patients weak immune defences such as diabetes mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis, malignant hematological diseases, post-hematopoietic stem cell or solid organ transplants, well those neutropenia. mostly related to the current COVID-19 epidemic overuse steroids but can also be haemato-oncological conditions other health conditions, unbalanced caustic injuries. impacts nose sinuses, affecting eyes parts body. Immediate treatment mucormycosis required, consisting reversal underlying risk factors, prompt antifungal therapy (preferably lipid formulations amphotericin B isavuconazole), early surgical debridement. However, stringent neutropenic metabolic status these prevents diagnosis withholds aggressive treatments. The ability invade blood vessels cause angioinvasion, thrombosis, tissue infarction, formation emboli, increases mortality among patients. New surveillance strategies, novel preventive new applicative detection techniques, agents, screening for effective agent repurposing are immediately needed pave way enhance survival high-risk patient populations from this deadly reduce global burden. present review aimed provide an exhaustive overview mucormycosis, including basic information, etiology, epidemiology incidence, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, modalities, treatment.

Language: Английский

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